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1.
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed on either a conventional diet (low-fibre) or the same diet diluted with 200 g oak sawdust/kg (high-fibre). The lengths of the colo-rectum, small intestine, two caeca combined and empty gizzard weight were measured at 10 and 20 weeks of age. Food intake and rate of passage were measured and an approximate measure of digestibility was also made. 2. There were separate effects of dietary fibre, sex and age on gut size. It was larger in birds fed on high-fibre diet, in females and in older birds. 3. Increased dietary fibre caused increased food intake, but had no obvious effect on the rate of passage. 4. When quail were fed on the low-fibre diet or the same diet diluted with 200 or 400 g cellulose powder/kg gut size at 20 weeks of age was greatest when the most fibrous diet was fed and decreased concomitantly with dietary fibre concentration. 5. It appeared that differences in gut size between dietary treatments were more a reflection of variations in food intake than of fibre per se, and that the effects of sex and age on gut size were probably similarly explained.  相似文献   

2.
The performance and gut measurements of broilers fed on diets containing different amounts of chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf meal (CLM) were examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, 60 Hubbard chickens (30 males and 30 females; 2 weeks old) were fed on five maize diets; these were formulated using 0, 150 (CLM150), 250 (CLM250) or 350 (CLM350) g CLM/kg, and the fifth diet contained soyabean. In the second experiment, 148 Ross male chicks, 1 day old, were fed on three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic maize–soyabean-based diets, which included 0 (control), 150 (C150) or 250 (C250) g CLM/kg. The diets were offered ad libitum for 2 or 3 weeks in the first and second experiments, respectively. Food intake, weight gain and the food:weight gain ratio were recorded. The weight of the gizzard and intestine and the weight and length of the caeca were also determined in the second experiment. In experiment 1, the birds fed on the maize–soyabean diet had a higher (p<0.05) weight gain and final weight than birds fed on maize only or on the CLM150 diets. There were no differences for any of the variables studied between the birds fed on the maize–soyabean diet and those fed on the CLM250, nor between males and females. In the second experiment, weight gain, food intake and the food:weight gain ratio for birds fed on C250 were lower (p<0.05) than those in birds fed on either the control or C150 diets. The weights of the gizzard and intestine were the lowest and the highest, respectively, in birds fed on C250 (p<0.05). The length and weight of the caecum from birds fed on the control diet were lower (p<0.05) than those of birds fed on either the C150 or C250 diets. The results from this study suggest that CLM may be included up to 150 g/kg in commercial diets without having an adverse effect on poultry performance, and may also be mixed with maize up to 250 g/kg to improve the performance of chickens fed on low-protein diets.  相似文献   

3.
1. An experiment was conducted to test the directionality, scaling and reversibility of phenotypic responses of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of adult ganders to rice husk (RH) diluted dietary switching. 2. A total of 96 140-d-old ganders were acclimatised to a basal diet for 2 weeks. The birds were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. On d 1, diets in the experimental groups were switched from the basal diet to diets which contained 200, 400 or 600 g/kg RH by mass, with no RH in the basal diet. After 21 d, the diet of all the experimental birds was switched back to the basal diet until d 42. 3. Increasing RH content significantly increased feed intake, and a decreased trend appeared after diet-switching. The weights of geese fed on the 600 g/kg RH diet for 21 d reduced, and were significantly less than those of the other three groups, while body weights (BW) of the geese in all groups increased after diet-switching back to the basal diet. At d 21, significantly heavier relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard and all gut components, except duodenum, were observed in birds fed on a 600 g/kg RH diet, and significantly heavier relative weights of gizzard were observed in birds given a 400 g/kg RH diet. Thickness of the two gastric walls, gizzard length and all gut components lengths increased significantly in birds given a 600 g/kg RH diet compared with the other three groups. At d 42, no significant differences were noted in the relative weights or lengths of GIT, except for the caeca, which were significantly heavier in birds fed on 600 g/kg RH diet. 4. The results of the experiment were in accordance with the predictions of the hypothesis that there is matching between loads and capacities. The observed phenotypic responses were directional and scaled to the demands.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Using layer hens, Gallus gallus domesticus, we compared the digestive capabilities of birds on a low‐fibre diet (LF, 8.49% neutral detergent fibre; NDF), with those fed a high‐fibre diet balanced for energy and protein to match the LF diet (high fibre balanced, HFB; NDF = 15.61%) and those fed a high fibre unbalanced (HFU) diet (NDF = 16.68%). The HFU diet had the lowest apparent dry matter (DM) metabolisability at 58.14 ± 6.46%, followed by HFB, 65.87 ± 3.50 and the LF diet, 70.49 ± 7.07%. Despite significant differences between apparent DM metabolisabilities of LF and HFU diets, no morphometric changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of layer hens were observed (including crop, gizzard, proventriculus, liver, large intestine, paired caeca and small intestine). Conversely, body mass losses were recorded for animals on HFU diet, while those on the LF and HFB diets actually gained body mass over the 14‐day trials. We suggest that the body mass losses seen in the animals fed HFU diets were attributed to losses in adipose tissue, but this was not quantified. Assuming body mass losses were mainly in adipose tissue, we propose that adipose may act to buffer environmental challenges like shortfalls in nutrient acquisition when dietary energy requirements are not met. Compared with smaller birds (e.g. quail), the larger body size of the layer hens may offer them a greater safety margin in terms of body energy reserves before changes in the GIT might be needed to redress energy deficits associated with hard‐to‐digest, high‐fibre diets.  相似文献   

5.
Growing indigenous Cambodian chickens and ducks, and broiler chickens and White Pekin ducks were fed diets containing 0%, 7%, 14% and 20% of cassava leaf meal (CLM) to study the effects of CLM level on diet digestibility and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and organ development. The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM) and intake of digestible DM decreased with increased dietary CLM. DM and digestible DM intake was higher for local breeds than for the corresponding exotic breeds, and higher for ducks than for chickens (p < 0.001), although there were no species or breed effects on CTTAD of DM (p > 0.05). Weight of small intestine, caeca, gizzard and pancreas, expressed as per kg body weight, increased with increased CLM in the diet (p < 0.001). There was no consistent diet effect on liver weight. Length of small intestine and caeca, expressed on a mass-specific basis, increased with dietary CLM content (p < 0.001). When expressed as per kg body weight small intestine, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas and liver weights, and small intestine length, were higher in ducks than in chickens (p < 0.001), and were higher in the indigenous than in the improved breeds (p < 0.01), except for small intestine weights, which were similar. However chickens had higher weight of caeca (p < 0.001) and colon (p < 0.01) in absolute units and per kg body weight.  相似文献   

6.
1. The aim of the present study was to compare wheat-based diets supplemented with arabinoxylanase, bile acid and virginiamycin with a maize-based diet in their effects on the performance of broilers. 2. The diets were fed to 5 groups of broilers. Group A received a maize-based diet (control), and groups B, C, D and E were fed on wheat-based diets. Diets C, D and E were supplemented with arabinoxylanase (150 mg/kg), bile acid (500 mg/kg) and virginiamycin (200 mg/kg), respectively. 3. A total of 450 1-d-old Ross 385 chicks were randomly divided into 5 groups, each with three pens as replicates (30 birds per pen). The experimental diets were given for 18 d. On d 18, three chickens from each group were slaughtered by cervical dislocation and the liver weight, and duodenal, jejunal and ileal lengths were measured for length and width of the villi and the height of crypts. 4. Arabinoxylanase, bile acid and virginiamycin supplementation significantly increased feed intake and daily gain but had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio. The liver weight was significantly greater in virginiamycin supplemented chicks as compared with those on the diet containing bile acid. 5. Virginiamycin inclusion increased full and empty caeca weight significantly compared with groups A and D. Group A had the lightest caeca. Significant effects of diets were observed on duodenal, ileal and intestinal length, but jejunal length was not affected by diet. The heights of duodenal and ileal, but not jejunal, villi were significantly affected by the treatments. The lengths of villi in groups B and E were significantly higher than other groups. The mean height of ileal villi in group A was significantly higher than in groups receiving the wheat-based diets. The mean width of duodenal and ileal villi was significantly affected by the ration. The height of crypts in group B was significantly higher than in group E. 6. It could be concluded that supplementation of the wheat-based broiler ration with virginiamycin had significant positive effects on gastrointestinal tract characteristics for absorption. Supplementation with bile acid reduced the weight of liver and caeca and the length of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and in small intestine and the height and width of villi.  相似文献   

7.
1. A study was undertaken to investigate the susceptibility to peptic digestion of exogenous xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from Trichoderma longibrachiatum, added to a rye-based diet for broiler chickens, in order to elucidate its possible site of action. 2. It was also designed to investigate the effects of the enzyme (plus exogenous protease EC 3.4-24.28) when added to a rye-containing diet (60% rye/kg diet) on crypt cell proliferation in the mucosa of the small intestine, on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the small intestine digesta and in portal blood and on nutrient digestibilities. 3. In Experiment 1, the enzymes were added at activities 10x and 30x those recommended in commercial practice, but in Experiment 2 the activities were the recommended levels. 4. A significant proportion (estimated to be 15 to 20%) of the xylanase added at the higher concentration (15,000 and 45,000 units/kg diet) remained active in the small intestine of the growing chicken. 5. The crypt cell proliferation rate in birds fed on the control diet (45 cells/2 h) was significantly higher than in birds fed on the diets supplemented with enzyme at the higher level (29 and 33 cells/ 2 h), but there was no significant effect on SCFA. In birds fed on the diet supplemented with enzyme at the commercial level there was no clear-cut effect on crypt cell proliferation but exogenous xylanase could be detected in the small intestine. Intestinal fluid viscosity was reduced and growth performance of the birds was improved by the supplementation with exogenous enzymes. 6. Part of the improvement in growth performance could be ascribed to a 25% increase in the digestibility of nitrogen and a doubling of the digestibility of fat.  相似文献   

8.
1. The response of the reproductive system to photostimulation was investigated during the rearing period in dwarf broiler breeder females maintained from hatch on 8 h light/d. The effect of increased body fat on this response was investigated. Body fat was increased by diluting the diet with maize oil. 2. A significant increase in plasma luteinising hormone (LH) was observed 4 d after photostimulation with 20 h light/d at 3 and 15 weeks of age in birds fed the restricted diet alone and at 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 weeks of age in birds fed the restricted diet diluted with maize oil. 3. Increases in ovarian weight were observed two weeks after photostimulation at 15 weeks of age in birds fed the restricted diet alone and at 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age in birds fed the restricted diet diluted with maize oil. Increases in oviduct weight were seen after photostimulation at 11, 15 and 19 weeks of age in both dietary treatment groups; however, a larger increase in oviduct weight was seen at 15 and 19 weeks of age in birds fed the restricted diet diluted with maize oil. 4. In a second experiment, the dilution of a diet fed ad libitum with maize oil significantly increased body fat content and the baseline concentration of LH but did not enhance the response of the reproductive system to photostimulation. 5. Baseline plasma LH concentrations were lower in birds fed ad libitum than in those fed a restricted diet. 6. It is concluded that the neuroendocrine pathways involved in the transmission of photoperiodic information are functional at 3 weeks of age. The function of the components of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex which control reproductive activity is enhanced when a restricted diet diluted with maize oil is fed.  相似文献   

9.
The present study describes the micromorphology of the small intestine and caeca of wild and captive willow grouse. The micromorphology of the small intestine was similar in wild and captive birds, while typical differences were apparent in the caeca, Wild grouse had ciliated epithelium without goblet cells in the neck part of the caeca, captive birds had strongly atrophied cilia and a high number of goblet cells. The epithelium of the body part of caeca of wild birds lodged a great number of spiral-shaped microorganisms and amoebae, which were absent in captive birds. Both the caecal villi and the longitudinal folds were much larger in wild than captive grouse. In the captive grouse the caecal lamina propria was heavily infiltrated with mono-nucleated cells and very often also with polymorphonucleated heterophilic leucocytes.Since only first generation captives were used in this study, the differences in gut morphology of captive and wild grouse must be due to different food and environmental conditions and not to genetic selection.  相似文献   

10.
A total of 180 crossbred Chinese/Emden goslings were either housed indoors for 8 weeks or kept inside for 4 weeks and then allowed to graze. Within each experimental group the birds were fed on diets with or without added penicillin. The antibiotic was included at either 55 mg/kg or 110 mg/kg.

Only when the goslings were fed throughout on a diet supplemented with penicillin at an inclusion rate of 110 mg/kg was there significant growth promotion.

No significant differences in the weights of the liver, gizzard, small intestine or caeca, or in the average weights of 1 cm lengths of the small intestines and caeca could be detected.  相似文献   


11.
1. The effect of intestinal digesta viscosity on bird performance in chickens with coccidiosis was compared to those without coccidiosis. 2. Six hundred chicks were divided into five groups: one control group was fed a basal maize/soyabean-based diet and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6 or 8 g carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) per kg of feed. At 14 d of age half the birds were individually inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria praecox. 3. Intestinal digesta viscosity increased with increasing inclusion of CMC. This effect was considerably less pronounced in inoculated than in non-inoculated birds. 4. There was a significant negative effect on live weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with increasing CMC inclusion in non-inoculated birds, but in inoculated birds there was no clear relation between CMC inclusion and performance. Neither intestinal lesion scores, nor numbers of Clostridium pefringens in the caeca, were significantly affected by CMC inclusion. 5. Across all diets inoculation impaired growth rate by 9% and FCR by 8%, but did not affect the amount of C. perfringens in the caeca.  相似文献   

12.
Adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) which had been fed, since hatching, on either a conventional diet (low-fibre) or on the same diet diluted with 200 g oak sawdust/kg (high-fibre) took 8 to 10 d to adjust their food intake when their diets were interchanged. 2. Those fed on high-fibre weighed less than those fed on low-fibre diet, and body weight changed rapidly when the diets were interchanged. All the birds digested about the same weight of nutrients in a day, irrespective of diet, and this suggests that body weight differences were due mainly to differences in energy utilisation, birds fed on high-fibre diet having to expend more energy on feeding than those fed on low-fibre diet. 3. Gut size was greater in birds fed on high-fibre diet, presumably to accommodate the greater bulk of food eaten, and when the diets were interchanged the gut dimension of both groups changed at similar rates, reaching the appropriate sizes for the respective diets in 3 to 4 weeks.  相似文献   

13.
The study compares the microbiological conditions in the small intestine and caeca of captive and wild willow grouse. The small intestine of wild willow grouse scarcely contained bacteria, while the caeca, without exception, contained high numbers of microorganisms including spirochetes, small gram-negative anaerobe rods, flagellates and amoebae. In 50 % of the birds a low number of E. coli was found in the caeca. The types, numbers and distribution of intestinal microorganisms of captive willow grouse were very similar to that of the domestic fowl and thus quite unlike that of the wild grouse.These results help to explain why captive grouse digest natural food less efficiently than wild birds. Hence captive grouse should not be used in experiments which aim to clarify digestive capacity and functions in the wild grouse.  相似文献   

14.
This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency.Wheat-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d postehatch.Digestibility of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 postehatch.Analysis of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet type.On average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 postehatch.The quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of age.At this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.  相似文献   

15.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of moderate dietary concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) during a 21-day feeding experiment on the performance of broilers. Fifteen 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed non-contaminated diet. Another group of broilers was fed a diet naturally contaminated with 5 mg DON/kg diet. Deoxynivalenol had no effect (p > 0.05) on feed consumption, feed conversion, body-weight gain, live body weight or mortality. The absolute and relative weight of the organs (gizzard, pancreas, heart, spleen, colon and caecum) were not altered by the dietary inclusion of DON contaminated grain. However, both the absolute and relative weight of small intestine was decreased (p < 0.01) in DON fed broilers compared to the controls. No gross lesions were detected in any of the organs of birds fed contaminated wheat during the feeding trial. The microscopic examination revealed that, the height and the width of villi in duodenum decreased (p < 0.05) in birds fed DON contaminated wheat compared to controls. On the other hand the height and the width of jejunum villi were not affected (p > 0.05). This study indicates that feeding DON for 21 days to broiler chickens at a concentration of up to 5 mg/kg of diet influenced the weight of the small intestine as well as intestinal histology, especially the duodenum, as evidenced by shorter and thinner villi. In conclusion, diets with DON contamination below levels that induce negative impact on health and performance could affect small intestinal morphology in broilers.  相似文献   

16.
This study was performed with growing chickens (4 to 22 d of age) to evaluate the effects of feeding a rye-based diet supplemented with commercial enzyme preparation containing xylanase and beta-glucanase (Quatrazyme HP, Nutri-Tomen, France) on small intestine wall morphology, bile acid composition, nutrient digestibility, and bird performance compared with unsupplemented rye- or corn-based diets. The rye-based diet decreased (P < or = 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency and increased water intake compared with the corn-based diet. Moreover, rye consumption reduced crude fat and protein digestibility as well as apparent metabolizable energy (P < or = 0.05). The small intestine wall showed that villus length, width, and surface were decreased in broiler chickens fed the rye-based diet compared with those fed the corn-based diet. However, crypt morphometry parameters were not affected by diet type. The concentration of conjugated bile acids in the small intestine contents of broiler chickens fed the rye-based diet was decreased (P < or = 0.05) compared with those fed the corn-based diet. These findings suggest that feeding a rye-based diet reduces villus capacity for nutrient absorption and bile acid capacity for fat solubilization and emulsification, resulting in decreased bird performance. The addition of xylanase and beta-glucanase to the rye-based diet improved (P < or = 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency, and decreased water intake. The digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolizable energy were also increased (P < or = 0.05). Addition of xylanase and beta-glucanase increased (P < or = 0.05) villus size and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, as well as the concentration of conjugated bile acids (P < or = 0.05) in the small intestine contents. Exogenous enzymes improved nutrient digestibility and broiler chicken performance, probably by improving the absorption capacity ofthe small intestine through increased villus surface and intestinal concentration of conjugated bile acids.  相似文献   

17.
1. Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of diets containing various concentrations of pea meal (Pisum sativum L.), with or without flavomycin supplementation, on the performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. 2. During the 7 to 28-d period, chicks fed on diets containing 300, 600 and 800 g pea meal/kg consumed more food and gained more weight than chicks receiving a maize-isolated soyabean protein control diet. The addition of flavomycin to the diets had similar effects on the performance of both the control and the pea groups. 3. Pea diets, with and without supplemental flavomycin, had little influence on the composition of intestinal microflora. The counts of enterococci in the small intestine and Clostridium perfringens and coliforms in the caeca of pea-fed chicks exceeded those of control chicks.  相似文献   

18.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7–21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.  相似文献   

19.
The incidence of different forms of leg abnormality were recorded in reovirus (S1133) infected and control male broiler chickens fed on a normal commercial diet or one of similar nutritive value containing 12.5 per cent rapeseed meal. Regular serological examination showed that birds remained free from Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M synoviae infection throughout the 10 week period of investigation. Precipitating antibodies to the reovirus were detected in 90 per cent of the infected birds between the third and 10th week after infection. Carotene levels in rapeseed fed groups showed no significant differences between reovirus infected and control birds or between birds with or without clinical signs of leg abnormality. The most frequent and severe leg abnormalities were present in the infected birds fed on the rapeseed diet, followed by those fed on the normal commercial diet. There was a highly significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the number of birds with leg abnormalities in each of these groups and their corresponding control groups. The lesions which were mainly responsible for these differences were tenosynovitis and enlarged hocks. Oral infection with reovirus did not appear to make the birds more susceptible to other types of leg abnormality, although the severest lesions of dyschondroplasia were seen in birds which had been exposed to the dual effects of reovirus and rapeseed diet.  相似文献   

20.
Sorghum grain can be used to replace corn in broiler diets. However, the effects related to an abrupt change between these grains are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and intestinal health of broilers fed diets containing corn and/or sorghum during different periods of rearing. To accomplish this aim, 2100 male chicks were fed the following experimental diets: C100% (corn‐based diet); S100% (sorghum‐based diet); C:S50% (diet based on corn and sorghum 1:1); PC‐S (corn‐based diet in the pre‐starter phase and sorghum‐based diet in subsequent phases); and PS‐C (sorghum‐based diet in the pre‐starter phase and corn‐based diet in subsequent phases). The study was conducted with two simultaneous trials in a randomized block design as follows: a performance trial up to 40 days occurred in floor pens (n = 8), and the metabolism trial occurred in cages (n = 10). Performance, jejunal morphometry, number of goblet cells, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and the coefficient of apparent metabolizability of dry matter (CMDM) of the diets, and the intestinal microbiota of small intestine and caeca at 10 and 21 days of age (16S gene sequencing) were evaluated. The different experimental diets did not affect performance, jejunal epithelium, AME, AMEn or CMDM. However, the experimental diets altered the percentages of the genera Clostridium, Weissella, Bacillus and Alkaliphilus in the small intestine. In addition, the genera Lactobacillus and Desulfotomaculum in the caeca were altered. The age also affected the microbiota of the intestinal segments. In conclusion, feeding sorghum in place of corn as well as the grain change after the pre‐starter phase does not alter broiler performance. However, sorghum alters the intestinal microbiota, resulting in a lower percentage of Clostridium and a higher percentage of Lactobacillus in the small intestine and caeca, respectively.  相似文献   

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