共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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以返回式卫星搭载的热研2号（S.guianensis cv.Reyan2）柱花草种子为材料,并以原热研2号亲本地面种子为对照,经过7a地面种植和选择,选出26个品系开展试验研究。结果表明,变异系与对照比较,经济性状变优,26个SES品系中有20个品系的牧草干草产量、旱季干草产量、抗病性、长势和植株存活数表现优良。利用关联度综合分析结果表明,2001-38和2001-81品系的综合评价值最高,极显著高于热研2号柱花草,2001-84、2001-79、2001-7、2001-80和2001-85仅次之,再次为2001-9、2001-55、2001-44、2001-40、2001-73、2001-1、2001-58、2001-31、2001-24也极著高于热研2号柱花草,这些品系均有可能成为取代其亲本热研2号柱花草而在生产上推广利用的新品系,但需进一步试验研究。 相似文献
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热研20号太空柱花草选育研究报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次利用空间辐射技术对柱花草新品种(系)选育的研究。空间辐射诱变柱花草种子,其后代发生突变,经连续4a柱花草炭疽病接种鉴定和多次单株选育,历时14 a,初步筛选出具有产量高、适应性广、抗炭疽病能力强、耐干旱等特点的热研20号太空柱花草;其对土壤条件要求不严,从沙土到重粘质砖红壤土上均表现出良好的适应性,尤耐低肥力土壤、酸性土壤和低磷土壤,能在pH 4.0~5.0的强酸性土壤和贫瘠的砂质土壤上良好生长。适合我国热带、亚热带地区种植,尤其适于华南地区大面积推广。 相似文献
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利用不同浓度Cd2+溶液对3个品种圭亚那柱花草[Stylosanthes guianensis(Aublet)Swartz]进行不同程度的胁迫处理,以研究镉胁迫对柱花草生长、镉积累和矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明:在镉胁迫下,3个品种圭亚那柱花草生长均受到抑制,TPRC2001-18(S.guianensis TPRC2001-18)受抑制作用最强,其次是热研10号(S.guianensis cv.Reyan No.10),而热研2号(S.guianensis cv.Reyan No.2)受抑制最弱。在镉胁迫下3个品种柱花草地上部和地下部镉含量均显著增加;镉浓度在1.0～5.0 mg/kg时,3个品种柱花草地上部镉含量从高到低的顺序为热研2号>热研10号>TPRC2001-18。镉胁迫能干扰柱花草对氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分的吸收。 相似文献
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试验设计3个处理,第一个处理是在芒果(Mangifera indica Lour.)行间种植热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis cv.Reyan No.5),观测芒果单作样地与芒果-柱花草间种样地土壤全氮、有机质和有机碳含量;第二个处理是在芒果-柱花草间种样地,在芒果树冠滴水线内翻压热研5号柱花草,观测芒果树下翻压与未翻压柱花草土壤营养成分、芒果生长量和产量及柱花草的鲜草产量,其主要目的是探讨果园间种柱花草的技术以及对土壤肥力与果树产量的影响;第三个处理是在芒果-柱花草间种样地,在芒果树冠滴水线内翻压农家肥,观测芒果树下翻压与未翻压农家肥芒果生长量和产量。试验结果表明：(1)芒果行间种植柱花草,间种样地土壤肥力得到改善,土壤全氮、有机质和有机碳增幅均高于芒果单作样地;(2)芒果树下翻压柱花草后土壤全氮、有机质和有机碳、芒果株高、冠幅、地径和产量均高于未翻压芒果株;(3)芒果树下翻压柱花草和农家肥处理的芒果株高、冠幅、地径和产量均高于未翻压芒果株;(4)试验为区域林果园间种牧草提供技术支撑和理论依据。 相似文献
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4份柱花草耐铝胁迫的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用添加外源铝的水培和土培盆栽方法，研究了100 μmol/L Al3+对不同品种柱花草根系生长的影响。水培试验结果表明：短时间营养液培养24 h后，TPRC2001-1根尖和根系铝含量比其它3个柱花草低，西卡柱花草根尖和根系铝含量最高。柱花草的相对根长及根尖苏木精染色均反映出TPRC2001-1受抑制最小且根尖染色程度最浅，TPRC2001-1的细胞膜相对透性最低。土培盆栽试验结果表明：100 μmol/L Al（NO3）3长时间处理3个月后，TPRC2001-1地下部和地上部相对生物量均大于100％，而热研2号和西卡柱花草地下部和地上部相对生物量均低于50％。TPRC2001对铝的耐性最强，而西卡柱花草对铝敏感，热研2号和热研13号介于两者之间。 相似文献
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高产抗病圭亚那柱花草综合性状评价 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
1998年引进14个柱花草种质品种,以中国热带农业科学院选育的热研2号柱花草和热研5号柱花草为对照进行比较试验。结果表明:GC1480(IRRI)、GC1463(IRRI)和GC1517(IRRI)柱花草的干物质产量达11 377.5、9 360.2、9 296.7 kg/(hm2·a),分别比热研2号的高26.49％、4.06％和3.35％,比热研5号的高72.24％、41.70％和40.74％;且GC1480(IRRI)、GC1463(IRRI)柱花草的旱季干物质产量较高,具有较强的抗旱性;抗柱花草炭疽病能力优于热研5号柱花草;在定期刈割条件下,植株存活率分别达77.50％、50.00％和49.17％,具有较强的抗寒性;灰色关联分析评价结果表明,综合性状优于热研2号柱花草和热研5号柱花草。 相似文献
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为探究不同柱花草的抗旱性强弱,构建柱花草资源抗旱评价体系,以85份引进柱花草为试验材料,分别测定0（CK）、10%和20%质量浓度的PEG-6000渗透液胁迫下萌发期的相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对胚根长、相对胚轴长、萌发抗旱指数共5项指标,分析不同干旱胁迫对柱花草种子萌发的影响,并结合隶属函数法综合评价柱花草抗旱性能。结果表明：低浓度的PEG对柱花草种子的萌发有一定促进作用,高浓度PEG降低了柱花草种子的相对发芽势和相对发芽率,阻碍了胚芽和胚根的生长,种间表现出较大差异。其中抗旱型材料为头状柱花草CIAT 2250、大头柱花草CIAT 2113和CIAT 1942、蔓性柱花草CIAT 10182,不耐旱材料有墨西哥柱花草CIAT 1590、卡尔奇柱花草CIAT 1616和CIAT 1624。本研究结果为引进柱花草资源抗旱性评价、抗旱品种选育及其机理研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Sorghum is an important worldwide crop whose yield can be significantly reduced by anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) and grain mold diseases (multiple fungi). The identification of new genetic sources of resistance to both diseases is imperative for the development of new sorghum varieties. To this end, a total of 80 exotic germplasm accessions from Burkina Faso (BFA) and South Africa (ZAF) were evaluated for anthracnose and grain mold resistance during two planting periods in 2012 at the USDA-ARS experimental farms in Isabela, Puerto Rico. Twelve accessions were resistant to anthracnose during both evaluations of which 10 are originally from BFA. The anthracnose resistant accessions identified herein had a hypersensitive reaction characterized by lesions having red and purple color. Likewise, 9 accessions exhibited grain mold resistance after being inoculated with a mixture of a conidial suspension of Fusarium thapsinum, Fusarium semitectum, and Curvularia lunata during both periods. Eight of these accessions (PI 586182, PI 586186, PI 647705, PI 647706, PI 647707, PI 647708, PI 647710, and PI 647712) originated from BFA, while one (PI 61666) is from ZAF. The PI 586186 was the only accession that exhibited resistance to both anthracnose and grain mold. The grain mold resistant accession PI 61666 has a panicle shape that resembles a standard United States commercial type sorghum and is also photoperiod insensitive. The results presented herein indicate that the BFA germplasm could be an important source for anthracnose and grain mold resistance genes. The integration of these anthracnose and grain mold resistant germplasm into sorghum breeding programs should aid in expanding the genetic diversity and in the development of new resistant varieties. 相似文献
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B. N. Azuhnwi B. Boller M. Martens F. Dohme‐Meier S. Ampuero S. Günter M. Kreuzer H. D. Hess 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(4):474-487
Fifteen accessions of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) were characterized for morphological and phenological traits at Reckenholz in the Swiss lowlands (Experiment 1). The effects of accession, harvest time and site on dry‐matter yield, condensed tannin (CT) concentration and forage value (Experiment 2) were determined at three sites in Switzerland varying in altitude from 440 to 559 m. Three to four harvests were taken in the first year after establishment (second year of stand) with harvests 1 and 2 chemically analysed. From the characterization in Experiment 1, a clear grouping of single flowering (Communis) and multiple flowering (Bifera) accessions emerged. Additionally, within the Communis accessions, distinct groupings were identified (historical landraces and newly collected ecotypes) based on morphological characteristics. Experiment 2 showed that Communis and Bifera accessions had a similar chemical composition in the first harvest. In the second harvest, Communis accessions were higher in crude protein and CT and lower in neutral and acid detergent fibre concentrations than Bifera accessions. Total dry‐matter yields were higher for Bifera accessions. Among the Communis accessions, ecotypes had consistently higher CT concentrations than landraces. In vitro organic matter digestibility did not significantly differ among accessions. There were clear effects of harvest time and site for most variables, with clear harvest time × sainfoin group interaction but no site × sainfoin group interactions. The results clearly demonstrate that historical landraces and newly collected ecotypes expand the range of available genetic variation for sainfoin breeding. 相似文献
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Summary Trials were carried out in 1984, 1985 and 1986 in which the effect of four dates of defoliation (0, +10, +20, +30 days) and
three intervals to harvest (0, +10, +20 days) on yield, tuber size, dry matter, reducing sugar, fry test colour and finish
fried sensory quality were examined for two cultivars (Pentland Dell, Maris Piper) on two sites (medium silt, peaty loam).
Dry matter content and yield of tubers were influenced by all factors in the trial. Later dates of defoliation gave the lowest
reducing sugar levels, palest fry colour, highest yield and dry matter content. Increasing the interval from defoliation to
harvest reduced dry matter and raised yield. Significant year effects were obtained for dry matter and reducing sugar content. 相似文献
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The effects of cutting frequency on dry matter yield, crop persistence and herbage quality of representative diploid and tetraploid varieties of broad red clover (Trifolium pratense) were investigated in two trials at Hurley in the period 1975–79. Pure-sown swards of broad red clover varieties were used in the first trial (A), while both pure-sown swards and those sown with a perennial ryegrass companion grass were included in the second trial (B). Tria1was cut three or six times per annum, trial B three, four or five times per annum. In both trials, the change from normal management of three cuts per annum to six (trial A) or five (trial B) cuts per annum reduced output, whether in terms of dry matter yield (trial A by 31%; trial B by 33%), N yield (trials A and B by 15%) or metabolizable energy (trial A by 24%; trial B by 28%), and in trial A also led to more rapid reduction in clover plant density. More frequent cutting also raised mean D–value (trial A by 5–3 units; trial B by 3–4 units) and N concentration (trial A by 64 g kg dry matter-1; trial B by 70 g kg dry matter-1). Tetraploid (4x) red clover varieties generally out–yielded diploid (2x) varieties, except in trial A in 1976 when, under drought conditions, Granta and Kuhn (both 2x) equalled the yield of Wensum (4x) and out–yielded Norseman and Maris Leda (both 4x). The companion grasses included in trial B formed a sequence from early to late flowering (Aberystwyth S24, Barlenna, Endura), and their inclusion raised dry matter yields and D-value, though it lowered N concentration in the mixed herbage. Highest annual dry matter yields in this trial, which received supplementary irrigation, were 1641 ha-1 from a pure–sown crop (Hungaropoly) and 205 t ha-1 from a mixture (Wensum/ Aberystwyth S24), from three cuts in the first harvest year. Aberystwyth S24 had the greatest effect in raising yields; though least effect on improving digestibility. Endura was the converse, and it was concluded that an intermediate-maturity variety such as Barlenna was the most satisfactory companion. Both trials A and B suggested that in south–east England, broad red clover can be considered only as a 2–year crop and that ways must be found to prolong its productive life. Strategies to increase the digestibility and hence the economic value of the crop by cutting more frequently than three times per year are unattractive because of the large fall in yield and relatively small improvement in digestibility and hence metabolizable energy concentration. 相似文献
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热研12号平托落花生的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了培育和筛选适合我国热区的优良饲用牧草和地被植物兼用型草种,我国于1991年首次从哥伦比亚国际热带农业中心引入热研12号平托落花生,并于1992￣1993年在网室内进行盆栽适应性观察,1994￣1996年移于大田进行生态适应性评价和扩繁,1997￣2000年进行品种比较试验,1998￣2003年在海南、云南、广东湛江进行区域性试验,1999￣2004年进行生产性试验。结果表明:热研12号平托落花生具发达的匍匐茎,可在短期内形成20cm高的致密草层,具有较高的饲草产量和营养价值,同时花期长达10个月以上,开花时满地金黄,具有良好的园林绿化效果,综合性状优于早年引种的Amarillo平托落花生,是牧草和园林植物兼用型落花生新品种,适合我国华南、东南及西南地区作为饲用牧草和园林绿化兼用型植物推广。 相似文献