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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(3):298-306
To investigate the effects of postharvest application of 1-MCP on ethylene production and fruit softening, activities of ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening enzymes were measured during postharvest ripening of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Tegan Blue) fruit after being exposed to 1-MCP (0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 μL L−1) at 20 ± 1 °C for 24 h. Following the treatments, fruit were allowed to ripen at ambient temperature (20 ± 1 °C), and ethylene production in fruit, activities of ACS and ACO, ACC content and fruit softening enzymes (PE, EGase, exo-PG and endo-PG) in fruit skin and pulp were recorded at different intervals. Postharvest application of 1-MCP significantly delayed and suppressed the climacteric ethylene production with reduction in the activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes (ACS, ACO) and ACC content, and fruit softening enzymes (PE, EGase, exo-PG and endo-PG) in the skin as well as in pulp tissues. The reduction was more pronounced with increased concentrations of 1-MCP. 1-MCP treated fruit showed different rates of fruit softening and activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in the skin and pulp tissues which warrant further investigation on regulation of gene expression related to these enzymes with the inhibitory effect of 1-MCP. 相似文献
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The role of putrescine (PUT) in regulating fruit softening, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical changes in fruit quality was investigated during ripening and cold storage of mango (Mangifera indica cv. Samar Bahisht Chaunsa). Fruit were treated with various PUT concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and were allowed to ripen at 32 ± 2 °C for 7 days, or stored at 11 ± 1 °C for up to 28 days. Respiration rate and ethylene production were measured daily during ripening and cold storage. Cell wall degrading enzymes such as exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG), pectin esterase (PE), endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase (EGase), antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT), fruit firmness as well as biochemical fruit quality characteristics were estimated during ripening and cold storage at 2 and 7 day intervals, respectively. PUT treatments reduced respiration rate, ethylene production and maintained higher fruit firmness during ripening as well as cold storage. PUT-treated fruit exhibited significantly suppressed activities of cell wall enzymes (exo-, endo-PG and EGase), but retained higher PE activity during ripening and cold storage. Total phenolic and antioxidant contents were significantly higher in PUT-treated fruit during ripening as well in the cold storage period than in the controls. Activities of antioxidative enzymes (CAT, POX and SOD) were also significantly higher in PUT-treated fruit during ripening as well as cold storage. SSC and SSC:TA were lower in PUT-treated fruit, while TA and ascorbic acid content showed the reverse trend. In conclusion, pre-storage 2.0 mM PUT treatment inhibited ethylene production and suppressed the activities of cell wall enzymes, while resulting in higher activities of antioxidative enzymes and maintaining better fruit quality during ripening and cold storage. 相似文献
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The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in triggering ethylene biosynthesis and ripening of mango fruit was investigated by applying ABA [S-(+)-cis,trans-abscisic acid] and an inhibitor of its biosynthesis [nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)]. Application of 1 mM ABA accelerated ethylene biosynthesis through promoting the activities of ethylene biosynthesis enzymes (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, ACS; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase, ACO) and accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), enhanced fruit softening and activity of endo-polygalacturonase and reduced pectin esterase activity in the pulp. The activities of ethylene biosynthesis and softening enzymes were significantly delayed and/or suppressed in the pulp of NDGA-treated fruit. The ABA-treated fruit had higher total sugars and sucrose as well as degradation of total organic acids, and citric and fumaric acids compared with NDGA treatment. These results suggest that ABA is involved in regulating mango fruit ripening and its effects are, at least in part, mediated by changes in ethylene production. 相似文献
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Phatchara Piriyavinit Saichol Ketsa Wouter G. van Doorn 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,61(1):15-20
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit were harvested when the peel (pericarp) was light greenish yellow with scattered pinkish spots. Fruit were exposed to 1 μL L−1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h at 25 °C and were then stored at 25 °C (control) or 15 °C. The 1-MCP treatment only temporarily delayed softening of the fruit flesh, during storage. Storage life, defined as the time until the pericarp was dark purple, was much longer in fruit stored at 15 °C than in fruit stored at 25 °C. It was also longer in 1-MCP treated fruit (storage life at 15 °C: control 18 d, 1-MCP-treated fruit 27 d). The 1-MCP treatment also increased the length of shelf life, defined as the time until the pericarp turned blackish purple or showed calyx wilting, at 25 °C. 1-MCP treatment reduced ethylene production. It also reduced pericarp levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and the pericarp activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). In the fruit flesh, in contrast, 1-MCP did not affect ACC levels and ACS activity, but the treatment reduced ACO activity. Taken together, both the storage life and the shelf life of the fruit were extended by the 1-MCP treatment. A decrease in ACO activity largely accounted for the effects of the 1-MCP on ethylene production in the pericarp. 相似文献
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P. Muñoz-RobredoP. Rubio R. InfanteR. Campos-Vargas D. ManríquezM. González-Agüero B.G. Defilippi 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2012,63(1):85-90
Apricots are climacteric fruits with a high susceptibility to flesh softening and loss of flavor during postharvest storage, and most of the ripening processes are regulated by ethylene, which also has an effect on its own biosynthesis. To understand this process in apricot, inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis and perception was performed for studying key genes involved in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. Apricots, cv. “Patterson”, were harvested with yellow-green ground color and immediately treated with either the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) at 10 μL L−1 or the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) at 1 g L−1. After treatment, quality and physiological attributes such as firmness, color, total soluble solids, acidity, fruit weight, ethylene production and respiration rates were evaluated every 2 d until they ripened at 20 °C. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Both ethylene inhibitors were effective in reducing ethylene production, respiration rate and fruit softening. Three 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid synthase (ACS) genes were characterized, but only the expression of ACS2 was highly reduced by ethylene inhibition, suggesting a key role in ethylene synthesis at ripening. Contrarily, ACS1 and ACS3 showed a higher expression under ethylene inhibition suggesting that the corresponding genes are individually regulated in a specific mode as observed in other climacteric fruits. Finally, changes in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid oxidase genes did not show a consistent pattern of ethylene modulation. 相似文献
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P. Eccher Zerbini M. Vanoli F. LovatiL. Spinelli A. TorricelliA. Rizzolo S. Lurie 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(3):275-281
The absorption coefficient μa measured at 670 nm in fruit pulp at harvest by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) has been shown to be a good maturity index for early nectarine cultivars. By including individual fruit maturity as a biological shift factor (BSF) into a kinetic model for softening it is possible to select fruit with different shelf-life potential. The BSF approach combined with TRS measurement and kinetic modeling of firmness was applied to a late maturing nectarine cultivar (‘Morsiani 90’), ripened at 20 °C after harvest or after storage at 0 °C and 4 °C, the latter conditions inducing chilling injury. At harvest the absorption coefficient μa had low values and low variability, indicating advanced maturity, while firmness was similar to that of early cultivars. The softening model took into account these differences, showing parameters similar to those of the early cultivars with the exception of the softening rate which was 2-6 times lower, indicating a slower softening in ‘Morsiani 90’ fruit. Decay of μa at 20 °C was also slower. Softening continued during storage at 4 °C, but not at 0 °C. After storage at 0 °C softening was resumed similarly to non-stored fruit, but with much variability. Fruit stored at 4 °C, which showed chilling injury, had a softening rate at 20 °C significantly higher than that of 0 °C fruit. It is suggested that the same changes in cell wall metabolism which induce the appearance of chilling injury also affect firmness and increase softening rate. 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(2):215-220
It is now widely accepted that 1-MCP reduces ethylene production and prevents scald disorder in apple skin tissue. However, despite this beneficial effect, very little is known about the effects of 1-MCP on this tissue. This study aimed to determine how this treatment affects ACC metabolism in both skin and pulp tissues in relation to cold storage. Changes in ACC metabolism were monitored in control and 1-MCP treated fruit stored in air and removed after 0, 15, 30, 90 and 150 days of storage. 1-MCP treatment caused an inhibition of ethylene production but also of ACC synthase (ACS) activity and ACC levels both in pulp and skin. Compared to the control, 1-MCP treatment also induced a significant reduction in ACC oxidase (ACO) activity, but the inhibition remained incomplete in both tissues. High levels of MACC were found in 1-MCP treated fruit, showing the presence of a malonyl transferase insensitive to 1-MCP treatment. Collectively, these results showed that apple skin and pulp exhibited similar climacteric behaviour. The results also showed that the different parameters involved in ACC metabolism were differentially inhibited by the 1-MCP treatment during cold storage. ACS was completely inhibited in both tissues, ACO only partially and the treatment was ineffective to prevent MACC accumulation. 相似文献
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Jamil Harb Nigel E. Gapper James J. Giovannoni Chris B. Watkins 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2012,64(1):94-103
A feature of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] is that they maintain flesh firmness over extended storage. The objective of this study was to elucidate molecular mechanisms that are responsible for slow softening of ‘Honeycrisp’ as compared with a rapidly softening cultivar, ‘McIntosh’. Fruit from both cultivars were picked during the normal harvest period and stored at 20 °C for 10 d. Internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) in ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit were lower than in ‘McIntosh’, but at climacteric levels of ethylene ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit maintained their firmness over this period, while ‘McIntosh’ softened rapidly. Concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were higher in ‘Honeycrisp’ than in ‘McIntosh’ apples. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out for genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signaling [ACC synthase (MdACS); ACC oxidase (MdACO); ethylene receptors (MdETR and MdERS); constitutive triple response (MdCTR); ethylene response factor (MdERF)], as well as those involved in cell wall metabolism [polygalacturonase (MdPG); xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (MdXTH); expansin (MdEXP); β-galactosidase (Md β-GS); arabinofuranosidase (MdAFase); pectate lyase (MdPL)]. At comparable IECs, the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis, ethylene perception and signal transduction was generally much higher in ‘Honeycrisp’ than in ‘McIntosh’ fruit. However, the expression of MdAFase and MdEXP3 was generally lower in ‘Honeycrisp’ than in ‘McIntosh’, while that of MdPG and MdPL was extremely low in ‘Honeycrisp’. Expression of MdPG1 was very low, even though IECs were at climacteric levels. Absence of fruit softening in ‘Honeycrisp’ is probably associated with restricted cell wall enzyme activity. The lower maximum IECs found in ‘Honeycrisp’ compared with ‘McIntosh’ do not appear to be related to expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. 相似文献
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In order to examine the influence of preharvest nitric oxide (NO) treatment on ethylene biosynthesis and soluble sugar metabolism in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, apple trees were sprayed with 50 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (a donor of NO) 14 days before harvest. The results indicated that preharvest SNP treatment can increase the NO content and the NOS activity in apple fruit, therefore, delay the accumulation of ethylene due to its inhibition on the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxydase (ACO). Fructose is the main sugar in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. The synthesis of sucrose was stimulated and the decomposition of sucrose was inhibited by this treatment, thus causing the accumulation of sucrose. We can draw a conclusion that pre-harvest SNP (50 μM) treatment can increase the NO content of fruit during storage, while higher NO content can further regulate fruit ripening through its effect on ethylene and sugar metabolism in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit during storage at 18 °C. 相似文献
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Revital Sabban-AminEduard Belausov Edna Pesis 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(3):295-304
‘Granny Smith’ apples are highly susceptible to superficial scald, a symptom of chilling injury. For many crops, low temperature storage results in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn leads to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Application, prior to cold storage, of low oxygen (LO2, <0.5%) atmospheres, ethanol (<2% vapour) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 0.5 μL L−1) at 20 °C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in fruit following 24 weeks of cold storage. ROS levels were measured by confocal laser-scanning microscopy of apple peel treated with the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. In control fruit, ROS levels increased during cold storage and shelf-life and were very high after only 8 weeks, whereas in 1-MCP-, ethanol- and LO2-treated fruit, ROS levels remained low throughout storage. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase (MdCAT) was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase (MdMnSOD) was induced by 1-MCP treatment. Polyphenol oxidase (MdPPO) gene expression levels were associated with scald symptom development and were highest in control fruit. Ethylene levels and expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes were correlated with α-farnesene levels and <alpha>-farnesene synthase (MdAFS) gene expression in the variously treated fruit. Accumulation of the α-farnesene oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), was highest in control fruit after 8 weeks, in accordance with ROS accumulation. The LO2 pretreatment mechanism might involve production of anaerobic metabolites, causing a delay in ethylene and α-farnesene biosynthesis and oxidation; this is different from the mechansism of action of 1-MCP, even though both consequently reduce ROS accumulation and scald symptoms. 相似文献
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Tongfei Lai Yuying Wang Boqiang LiGuozheng Qin Shiping Tian 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(2):127-132
Nitric oxide (NO), an important signalling molecule, has shown diverse physiological functions in plants. We investigated physiological responses of harvested tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig, AC) to NO treatment. NO released by 1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) aqueous solution could effectively retard pericarp reddening of tomato fruit, suppress ethylene production, and influence quality parameters during storage. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in NO-treated tomato fruit was higher in the late storage period compared to the control. RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of six genes related to fruit ripening was regulated by NO treatment, resulting in an increase in resistance of tomato fruit to gray mold rot caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our results demonstrated that application of NO could be a potential method for treating harvested fruit in order to delay ripening, maintain quality and enhance resistance of fruit to fungal pathogens. 相似文献
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F. Zulhendri L.E. JamiesonJ. Feng C.O. PereraS.Y. Quek A.B. Woolf 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2012,63(1):50-54
Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) is a relatively new quarantine treatment in which fruit are exposed to rapid decompression and compression cycles and high CO2 atmosphere, followed by exposure to ethanol vapour under decompression. This study evaluated the ripening response of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) and ‘Pink Lady’ apple (Malus x domestica) to MSDD treatment, which can control longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus). Following the treatments, fruit were held at 20 °C for 7 d for shelf-life assessment, while the remainder were refrigerated at 0.5 °C for 16 weeks. Respiration rate, volatile (ethylene, ethanol and acetaldehyde) production rates, firmness and disorders were measured at regular time intervals. MSDD treatments did not affect the metabolic activities and quality of ‘Pink Lady’ apples. However, firmness was reduced by 4.9 N in non-refrigerated MSDD treated fruit. MSDD treatments did not control superficial scald disorder in refrigerated ‘Pink Lady’ apples. For ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit, treatments increased the respiration rate and ethylene production of short-term refrigerated fruit, promoted endogenous production of ethanol and acetaldehyde in both short-term and long-term refrigerated fruit. MSDD treatments also increased the incidence of rots in refrigerated ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. MSDD treatments accelerated the softening of short-term refrigerated kiwifruit, but retarded the softening of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit during the 16 weeks of refrigerated storage. MSDD could potentially be used as a quarantine treatment of apples. Further studies are required on the sensory effect of MSDD treatment. 相似文献
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Hai SuW. Douglas Gubler 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2012,64(1):133-137
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP as SmartFresh™ technology), an ethylene antagonist, was evaluated for affecting postharvest decay caused by Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium spp. on ‘Quality 23’ and ‘Seminis 35’ tomatoes at green or pink stages. Fruit with natural or artificial infection were subjected to 1-MCP at 0.0 μL L−1, 0.6 μL L−1 for 12 h, and 1.0 μL L−1 for 6 h. After 31-42 d storage, disease incidence and severity of individual diseases in 1-MCP treated fruit was significantly reduced compared with that of the untreated controls, except in one inoculated test for ‘Quality 23’ where severity of Alternaria rot in 1.0 μL L−1 treated fruit were significantly higher than that of the untreated control. Fruit treated with 1-MCP at 1.0 L−1 for 6 h also had significantly higher incidence of Alternaria rot in the inoculated ‘Quality 23’ and in the non-inoculated ‘Seminis 35’ compared with the fruit treated with 1-MCP at 0.6 μL L−1 for 12 h. The results of this study indicate that 1-MCP can reduce postharvest decay within a certain storage period. 相似文献
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Miho Tatsuki Hiroko HayamaHirohito Yoshioka Yuri Nakamura 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(3):282-287
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment maintains apple fruit quality during storage, but its efficacy is dependent on a number of conditions. ‘Tsugaru’ apples are a major early season cultivar in Japan, but because ‘Tsugaru’ fruit produce abundant ethylene, they have a short shelf-life, and efficacy of 1-MCP is not as high with ‘Tsugaru’ as with other cultivars. To improve 1-MCP efficacy, ‘Tsugaru’ fruit were pre-cooled at −1 °C or −3 °C for 24 h before 1-MCP treatment. Ethylene production decreased with the cold treatment, resulting in better storage after 1-MCP treatment. Although ethylene production was low at the end of 24 h of the cold pre-treatment, expression of ACS1, the ethylene receptor genes ERS1, ETR1(a), ETR1b, ETR2 and ETR5, and the cell wall degradation-related gene PG1 all increased with a 24 h cold treatment. It is assumed that these elevated gene expression levels were not caused by ethylene, but more directly by cold stimulus. Thus, a short period of cold stimulus suppresses ethylene production, but induces expression of some genes. 1-MCP treatment was more effective with some initial fruit chilling. 相似文献