共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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王晶晶 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2017,37(3)
<正>3通风率3.1通风率的设置3.1.1最大通风率最大通风率用于在炎热时期从猪舍中去除热量,并使通风系统的冷却效果最大化。最大通风率要通过计算猪产生的热量并平衡必须通过猪舍以去除多余热量的空气量来确定,损失的热量也要考虑入内。当进入空气的温度高于猪舍内的最佳温度时,去除所有热量所需的空气量对于风扇而言将会太高,在经济上不值得去除。关键点:一般来说,1 kg活重需要1 m~3/h的通风量;在英国夏季的最高气温时期,这将导致温度提升约4℃。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(1)
为了减轻高温、低温对北京市母猪、仔猪生产性能的影响,试验对北京市某猪场分娩猪舍一年四季热环境变化规律进行了研究,按月统计分娩猪舍生产性能指标,并分析舍内温度与生产性能的关系。结果表明:分娩猪舍夏季温度偏高,日最高温度为34.3℃,舍内温湿指数(THI)大部分时间处于危险级(79≤THI≤83)和紧急状态(THI≥84)。冬季温度偏低,日最低温度在5℃左右;春、秋季舍内温度较为适宜;夏季、冬季舍内温度变化幅度较舍外小。分娩猪舍围护结构具有一定的隔热、保温作用,但是在北京地区气候条件下,仍需对分娩猪舍采取有效的隔热降温、保温供暖措施。舍内高温、高湿、低温对断奶仔猪成活率有一定程度的影响。 相似文献
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猪舍及其部分环境指标对猪生产的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
通过对广东省云浮市某畜牧公司猪场的猪舍结构、猪舍部分环境指标、猪场环境污染及其保护等方面的调查分析,探究它们的合理与否及对猪生产的影响。结果显示,该猪场猪舍类型、形式、高度、饲养密度均符合要求,猪舍大门偏小;仔猪保育舍、怀孕母猪舍和后备猪舍的温度均在适宜范围内,分娩哺育舍的温度相对母猪舍偏高了4℃,配种猪舍高了1℃多;各类猪舍的空气湿度虽然都符合要求,但处在上限;猪舍的噪声基本都在允许的范围;粪污水经过沉淀分解后排放,干粪采用堆积自然高温发酵的处理方法;生产区的绿化不足,全场应设置防护墙(网)。 相似文献
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夏季的实际生产环境远远不能达到母猪的最适理想环境。在对浙江省多家大小型猪场夏季猪舍环境的调查中,年平均猪舍内温度超过30℃的天数超过120d,最高时猪舍内温度达到42～45℃,相对湿度通常在75％～80％左右,哺乳母猪25d泌乳期平均采食量为4kg／头／d,7月和8月份有时候甚至每天无法达到4k, 相似文献
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新型大棚猪舍环境控制效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对猪舍屋顶热工指标和通风量进行计算，对舍内空气环境进行测定与分析，研究了新型大棚猪舍保温隔热，通风性能及其应用效果，结果表明：该猪舍屋顶冬，夏季总热阻分别为0.824m^2k/w和0.864m^2k/w，冬，夏季通风量分别为355.8m^3/h和12153.4m^3/h，优于有窗舍，且优于或符合设计要求。舍内空气环境，温度冬，夏季分别为11.3℃和26.50℃；相对湿度冬，夏季分别为72.3%和80.2%，气流速度冬、夏分别为0.19m/s和0.72m/s；NH3浓度冬，夏季分别为0.113mg/m^3和0.656mg/m^3，CO2浓度冬，夏季分别为1964mg/m^3和1527mg/m^3，优于有窗舍，大棚舍用于育肥猪舍冬，夏季均有较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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为探究华南地区两广小花猪自然通风哺乳猪舍环境及母猪繁殖性能季节性的变化规律,本研究监测了华南地区不同季节1栋哺乳猪舍内外温湿度、二氧化碳浓度及母猪繁殖性能相关指标。结果表明：哺乳猪舍在春季、夏季和秋季平均温度高于27℃、平均相对湿度高于80%;冬季舍内平均温度为24.8℃,平均相对湿度低于80%;冬季舍内二氧化碳浓度最高,日平均值为2 058 mg/m3;夏季断奶窝仔猪数、仔猪断奶窝重和仔猪平均日增重低于其他3个季节(P<0.05),且随着温度和温湿指数的升高而降低(P<0.05)。综上,华南地区采用自然通风舍饲养的两广小花猪哺乳母猪的繁殖性能随舍内温度和温湿度指数的升高而降低。 相似文献
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1环境控制
温度。配种舍温度应控制在18℃-22℃之间。在西北地区,为保证温度适宜,4-10月份应使用热风炉加热,5-9月份需要水帘降温,而在4月份和10月份,由于昼夜温差大,白天需要水帘,晚上需要热风炉,其他地区因地制宜。湿度。配种舍相对湿度应控制在60%-80%之间。夏季有水帘工作,湿度较大,春秋冬季应做好猪舍的冲洗工作,保证湿度。通风。冬季为达到猪舍温度要求,同时保证猪舍空气新鲜的基础上,设置合适的最小通风量;采用横向通风方式。卫生。每天早上喂料时,清粪1次。每天查情配种后,清洁母猪料槽里的湿料和粉料。排水沟每2天清一次,下水道每星期换水一次,以保证猪舍内空气新鲜。猪舍每两星期至少彻底冲洗一次,同时冲洗猪体。猪舍外环境每星期清扫一次。 相似文献
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中国西北地区肉牛舍冬季建筑热环境系统设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为设计中国西北地区满足肉牛冬季温度通风要求的肉牛舍,采用建筑环境模拟软件DEST模拟了不同围护结构和通风率肉牛舍的冬季自然舍温。结果表明,在屋顶传热系数为1.0W/（m2·K）时,非保温窗牛舍在通风率分别为5次/h、10次/h和15次/h时,1～2月日平均温度最低值分别为-7.4℃、-12.3℃和-14.4℃,高于肉牛低临界温度,但需对饮水加热;在通风率为10次/h时,保温窗和非保温窗牛舍1～2月日平均温度分别为-11.6～-8.7℃、-12.3～-8.2℃;在通风率为5次/h、10次/h和15次/h时,非保温窗牛舍1～2月舍内外温差分别为8.8～12.2℃、5.2～7.6℃和3.7～5.4℃。建议西北地区肉牛舍采用非保温窗,屋顶材料采用单层彩钢板或者传热系数为1.0W/（m2·K）的材料,冬季通风率取10～15次/h;天窗和窗户分别选用阳光板和塑料膜卷帘窗。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(4):763-772
Air pollutants from poultry operations pose a potential threat not only for bird health, but also for the environment outside. Ventilation is believed to be an effective way of regulating house environment. To improve understanding of ventilation effects on house environment, distributions, concentrations and emissions of ammonia, carbon dioxide, total suspended particulates, and particulate matter 2.5 (fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) were investigated in a manure-belt layer house using 9 ventilation stages (VS) with different ventilation rates (VT). Distributions of pollutants were assessed visually using contour plots and coefficient of variation. Emission rates of pollutants were estimated by multiplying VT by concentration. Spatial distributions of 4 pollutants were not homogeneous throughout the house, regardless of VS, and increased VT aggravated the spatial disparity. In the house, pollutant concentrations were controlled under harmful levels during the 9 VS. Ventilation, as expected, can decrease pollutant concentrations. However concentrations of ammonia and carbon dioxide did not decrease proportionately to increased VT. The highest emission rates of 4 pollutants were observed during VS1, a stage with maximum ventilation, which reflected VT as a key factor determining emission rate. The study indicated that it is difficult to balance house environment and control pollutant concentrations depending only on ventilation. Several additional factors, such as temperature, humidity, manure handling, bird management, and ventilation system design, should be comprehensively considered to control air pollutants from poultry operations. 相似文献
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保育猪舍三种局部供暖措施效果比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同局部供暖措施对保育猪局部热环境的影响及其在不同高度上的温湿度变化,对电地暖供暖、红外保温灯供暖和顶板电热板供暖三种局部供暖状况进行了对比分析。试验分析了三种局部供暖所在区域1.0 m高处的温湿度情况和每种局部供暖不同高度(地面、0.3 m、0.7 m和1.1 m)的温湿度变化情况。结果表明,在猪舍整体环境CO2平均浓度5 804 mg/m2,NH3平均浓度21 mg/m3的条件下,电地暖、顶部电热板和红外保温灯所在区域1.0 m处的猪栏温度分别为13.1~16.8℃,14.3~16.9℃和13.7~18.2℃,湿度均为76.4%~98.7%。电地暖、顶部电热板和红外保温灯(中心位置)的地面温度分别为(28.0±0.3)℃、(25.8±0.6)℃和(26.8±0.5)℃,电地暖供暖地面温度显著高于顶部电热板(P<0.05)。仔猪活动范围(距地面0.3 m高度)的局部环境温度保温灯组(中心位置)(21.3±0.7)℃和顶部电热板组(20.7±0.3)℃显著高于电地暖组(18.4±0.4)℃(P<0.05),三种供暖组的仔猪活动区域(0.3 m)的湿度范围是65%~75%,与1.0 m供暖区域湿度水平相比,得到了有效改善。局部供暖可以在一定程度上改善猪只环境,其中,顶部电热板相比电地暖和红外保温灯供暖综合效果更好。 相似文献
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Damgaard BM Malmkvist J Pedersen LJ Jensen KH Thodberg K Jørgensen E Juul-Madsen HR 《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(1):136-145
The aim of the present study was to study whether floor heating from 12 h after onset of nest building until 48 h after birth of the first piglet had any effect on measures related to body temperature, water consumption, stress response and immune competence in loose-housed sows (n = 23). In conclusion, the present results indicate that floor heating for a limited period around parturition did not compromise physiological and immunological parameters, water intake and body temperature in loose-housed sows. The water intake peaked the day before parturition and the body temperature peaked on the day of parturition. A cortisol peak at parturition, a transient rise in the number of leucocytes and neutrophils and a transient reduction in the number of lymphocytes, erythrocytes and in the PCV value were observed. Around and after parturition some non-specific immunological variables seemed to be stimulated while others seemed to be compromised. 相似文献
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旨在研究河北省规模化羊场冬季羊舍外围护内表面温度的分布规律。选择规模化羊场的6栋羊舍,采用定点定时的检测方法,分别于早、午、晚对各舍外围护内表面(屋顶2个坡、墙4个侧面和地面料道两侧)温度及舍内温湿度进行检测。结果表明,外围护结构内表面温度与舍内环境温度呈显著的线性正相关关系(P<0.01,r=0.94),回归方程为y=0.931x+0.5697。不同时间段和不同外围护部位的内表面温度均表现出显著性差异(P<0.01),且时段与部位存在交互效应(P<0.01)。3个时段中,早上外围护结构均温最低(P<0.01),仅-4.93~-1.03℃,尤其是屋顶,早午温差值显著高于墙体和地面(P<0.05),需加强早上羊舍的保温。研究也表明,羊舍类型、建筑材料和朝向均影响外围护内表面温度,有窗舍外围护内表面均温显著高于敞棚舍(P<0.01),复合彩钢板屋顶舍的外围护内表面均温显著高于单层彩钢舍(P<0.01),尤其是舍北侧结构(北侧地面、北坡顶和北墙)内表面温度均显著高于单彩钢舍(P<0.05)。另外,南北朝向舍的两坡屋顶温度差异显著(P<0.05),而东西朝向两坡屋顶温度未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),建议冀中南地区羊舍宜东西朝向,但应注意外围护整体结构的保温隔热性。该结果可为羊舍的环境改善及标准化设计提供依据。 相似文献
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为评价南方夏季高温高湿气候条件下湿帘风机降温系统对密闭笼养蛋鸡舍的影响,通过自动温湿度仪采集密闭笼养蛋鸡舍内外、蛋鸡舍内不同高度、不同断面的温湿度数据,评估湿帘风机系统的使用效果。结果表明:蛋鸡舍内外温湿度表现差异显著,温度平均降低约5.4℃(P<0.05),湿度平均增高14.81%(P<0.05);鸡舍内不同高度、不同断面温湿度表现差异显著;舍内不同断面的温湿度差异大(P<0.05),因此,该系统布局有一定的局限性,需要进一步完善和调整。 相似文献
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L J Johnston M Ellis G W Libal V B Mayrose W C Weldon 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(7):1638-1644
Mixed-parity sows (n = 267) from five research stations were used to investigate whether a reduction of excess dietary amino acids would improve feed intake and performance of lactating sows experiencing heat stress. Experimental treatments included effects of room temperature (warm or hot) and diet (adequate protein [AP] or low protein [LP]). The corn-soybean meal AP diet was formulated to contain 16.5% CP, .8% lysine, and .67% digestible lysine. The LP diet was formulated to contain 13.7% CP, .76% lysine, and .66% digestible lysine using corn, soybean meal, and synthetic lysine. Feed intake during gestation was standardized at 1.8 kg x sow(-1) x d(-1). At parturition, litter size was adjusted to no fewer than nine pigs. Mean high temperature in the warm and hot rooms was 20.4 and 29.2 degrees C and mean low temperature was 17.7 and 27.1 degrees C, respectively. The hot environment reduced (P < .01) feed intake of sows (4.19 vs 6.38 kg/d) during lactation, weaning weight of sows (176.2 vs 193.6 kg), percentage of sows displaying estrus (79.2 vs 93.4%) by d 15 postweaning, and litter growth rate (1.74 vs 2.11 kg/d) and increased (P < .01) respiration rate of sows on d 10 postpartum (71.9 vs 36.5 breaths/min) compared with the warm environment. Litter size and backfat loss of sows were not affected by treatments. No significant diet x room temperature interactions were observed for voluntary feed intake, body weight loss, backfat loss, or respiration rate of sows. Litter growth rate was depressed by feeding the LP diet in the warm room but was improved by feeding the LP diet in the hot room (warm-AP, 2.17; warm-LP, 2.05; hot-AP, 1.71; hot-LP, 1.77 kg/d; P < .05). Reduction of dietary crude protein combined with supplementation of crystalline lysine to reduce concentrations of excess dietary amino acids did not significantly reduce heat stress of sows, but it did support slight improvements in weight gain of litters nursing heat-stressed sows. 相似文献