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1.
《水土保持学报》2014,(3)
在温室条件下采用盆栽试验方法在4类典型土壤上种植小白菜,以自来水灌溉作为对照,研究再生水灌溉对小白菜生长、土壤磷形态转化特征以及不同类型土壤间的差异性。结果表明,全再生水灌溉:①显著增加红壤、潮土、塿土小白菜生物量,分别为9.1%,16.1%,9.9%;黑土小白菜生物量增加不显著;②显著增加4类土壤小白菜地上部磷含量和土壤速效磷含量,红壤、潮土、塿土和黑土的小白菜地上部磷含量分别增加17.6%,20.0%,18.8%和15.8%,土壤速效磷含量分别增加16.7%,32.2%,34.4%,16.8%;③显著增加红壤、潮土、塿土的活性有机磷和无机磷组分中活性较高的Ca2-P,黑土的Ca2-P含量显著增加,但其活性有机磷含量变化不大。再生水灌溉能促进土壤稳性较高的有机、无机磷组分向活性较高的组分转化,但不同类型土壤间存在差异性。 相似文献
2.
不同斥水剂作用下土壤斥水度测定及其变化规律 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为获得不同斥水剂作用下土壤斥水度的变化规律,分别采用十二烷基硫酸钠、硅烷偶联剂KH-550与二氯二甲基硅烷改性砂土和十八烷基伯胺改性黏土,获得了不同斥水程度的改性土壤,并采用滴水穿透时间法、酒精溶液入渗法和接触角测定法获得了改性后土壤的斥水度及其随时间变化规律。结果表明:1)二氯二甲基硅烷改性砂土表现为极度斥水等级,且斥水性长期稳定,可作为制备斥水砂土的优选;硅烷偶联剂改性砂土的斥水性初期不明显,随着时间增长明显增强,最终可达极度斥水等级;但此类改性砂土易结块,均匀性及分散性较差,不推荐作为制备斥水砂土的优选;十二烷基硫酸钠改性砂土的斥水性不明显,且改性方法复杂耗时,不宜用来制备斥水砂土。2)当十八胺含量分别为0.2%、0.3%和0.6%时,改性黏土分别可达中等、严重和极度斥水等级,斥水性长期稳定,可作为制备斥水黏土的优选。3)将十八胺含量为0.5%的改性黏土掺入天然砂土混合制得的改性混合土,亦有不同程度的斥水性。当改性黏土含量为1%~3%时,改性混合土尚无明显斥水性;当改性黏土含量为3%~10%时,改性混合土斥水等级为中度;当改性黏土含量为10%~50%时,改性混合土斥水等级可达到严重。该成果可为深入研究土壤斥水性及其工程应用提供参考。 相似文献
3.
再生水水质对斥水和亲水土壤水分特征曲线的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为探求再生水灌溉对斥水和亲水土壤水力特性的影响,该文选用有代表性的斥水黏壤土和亲水黏壤土、斥水砂土和亲水砂土,测定其在自来水、再生水和其他4种生活污水条件下的土壤水分特征曲线,采用主成分分析法得到不同水质综合指标,分析水质综合指标对不同土壤水分特征曲线的影响,采用van Genuchten-Mualem模型对黏壤土土-水曲线的参数进行拟合,并分析水质综合指标对黏壤土累积当量孔径分布、比水容量和水分常数的影响。结果表明:在相同基质吸力情况下,黏壤土含水率随水质综合指标增加(水质变差)而减小,砂土的含水率随水质变化不大;在低吸力段,斥水和亲水黏壤土的比水容量随水质综合指标的增加而增加;土壤进气值与水质综合指标呈显著负线性相关关系(R~2分别为0.94和0.78);相同水质条件下,斥水土壤的进气值比亲水土壤小;随着水质综合指标的增加,斥水和亲水黏壤土的极微孔隙降低,而中等孔隙和大孔隙增加,小于某当量孔径的累积百分比增加;随着水质综合指标的增加,斥水和亲水黏壤土的田间持水率、凋萎系数、有效水和易利用水比例均减小,但再生水对田间持水率和易利用水比例降低作用不显著。研究结果可为大面积再生水灌溉及其管理提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
4.
秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
通过田间试验,分别采集小麦成熟期、玉米成熟期和小麦播种期耕层土样,研究不同的秸秆还田方式(秸秆还田、焚烧还田和火粪还田)与保护性耕作(减耕和免耕)对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响,以期得到培肥砂姜黑土的最佳方式。结果表明:作物秸秆还田可以增加砂姜黑土有机质和全氮的含量,但是对速效氮含量影响不大。在不同的秸秆还田和保护性耕作处理中,秸秆火粪还田和免耕条件下的秸秆还田对砂姜黑土有机质和全氮含量的增加效果最为明显。与对照相比,秸秆火粪还田后土壤有机质和全氮含量分别平均提高4.45 g/kg和0.131 g/kg;免耕条件下的秸秆还田其土壤有机质和全氮含量分别平均提高3.36 g/kg和0.095 g/kg;减耕条件下的秸秆还田和秸秆粉碎还田对增加砂姜黑土有机质和全氮含量的效果不显著;秸秆焚烧不能增加砂姜黑土有机质和全氮的含量。秸秆还田和保护性耕作不会大幅度提高砂姜黑土C/N进而影响土壤氮素养分的供应,同时秸秆还田能有效提高土壤微生物量碳氮,但微生物量的碳氮比却保持在适宜的范围内。 相似文献
5.
土壤性能和土壤微生物是再生水灌溉对环境安全效应评价的重要指标。通过模拟试验,以北京高碑店污水处理厂生产的再生水浇灌大豆为例,分析了收获期土壤理化特性及微生物类群变化。结果表明,再生水灌溉能够在一定程度上提高土壤肥力,表现为有机质和有效磷显著增加;土壤重金属铅、镉含量相对清水和土壤本底无明显增加,但土壤溶液电导值（EC）增加显著,在一定程度上造成盐度累积。在土壤微生物方面,再生水灌溉使土壤细菌数量相对清水灌溉处理增加;二级再生水和三级再生水灌溉处理间的放线菌数量差异显著,且明显高于清水对照;再生水灌溉对真菌数量影响不大。再生水灌溉使大豆根际土壤脲酶活性增加,碱性磷酸酶活性最高。土壤微生物数量、酶活性与土壤养分含量之间呈显著相关关系,可作为评价土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的指标。 相似文献
6.
根据国家土壤环境质量标准,选取重金属Cd含量为二级水平的4类土壤（红壤、 潮土、 土、 黑土）进行土培试验,研究再生水灌溉与小白菜生物量及Cd含量、 土壤有效态Cd含量、 pH、 微生物群落的关系,以及不同类型土壤间的差异性。结果表明, 再生水灌溉在不同类型土壤上对小白菜生物量及Cd含量、 土壤有效态Cd含量、 土壤pH和微生物数量的影响不同: 1）红壤、 潮土、 土上小白菜生物量增加显著,分别增加9.09%、 16.08%、 9.92%,黑土上增加不显著; 2）小白菜Cd含量在红壤上显著降低,由对照的0.29 mg/kg降低到0.22 mg/kg,在黑土上比对照增加了18.75%,在潮土和土上影响不大; 3）有效态Cd含量在红壤没有变化,但在潮土、 土、 黑土上增加显著; 4） 4类土壤微生物数量增加显著; 5）潮土、 土、 黑土的pH值有所降低。 相似文献
7.
河南省砂姜黑土土属的耕作障碍因素研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
砂姜黑土是低产农业土壤之一,但目前还缺乏针对砂姜黑土土属的改良对策研究。通过野外调查和室内测试,对河南省砂姜黑土区不同砂姜黑土土属的剖面形态和主要理化性质进行分析,并结合第二次土壤普查成果,归纳总结出了各土属存在的主要问题及改良重点:(1)所有土属耕层均需加深耕,提高有机质和全氮含量,改良较黏的质地;(2)砂姜黑土和石灰性砂姜黑土两个土属需治理砂姜和砂姜磐,砂姜黑土土属还需清除铁锰结核,青黑土和石灰性青黑土两个土属还需改善土体结构,石灰性青黑土还注意耕层粉粒过多的问题,漂白砂姜黑土需注意白浆化问题,覆盖砂姜黑土和石灰性覆盖砂姜黑土两个土属需根据覆盖层的质地情况决定是否需要改良。 相似文献
8.
砂土和黏土的颗粒差异对土壤斥水性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
斥水性土壤广泛存在于自然界中,并且对土壤环境和作物生长等有重要影响。建立理想化的土壤颗粒模型对砂土和黏土的斥水特性进行计算分析。结果表明:当接触角很小时,砂土中不存在斥水现象。随着接触角的增大,砂土斥水性与含水率密切相关,砂土的密实度对其斥水性也有重要影响,当砂土比较密实时,土壤的"亲水"与"斥水"特性对含水率特别敏感,随着含水率的变化,砂土可能由亲水性较好的土壤转变为斥水性土壤;当砂土比较松散时,土壤颗粒的斥水性对含水率并不敏感。当黏土接触角略小于90°且湿润半径b也较小时,黏土也存在斥水现象。如果黏土颗粒的接触角较小或接触角小于90°且湿润半径b较大,黏土总是亲水的。黏土含水率较大时,斥水特性由土壤颗粒的接触角决定。 相似文献
9.
河南三种土壤阳离子交换量相关性及预测模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤阳离子交换量是一项重要的土壤理化性质,它是衡量土壤肥力和作物养分有效性的一个重要指标。通过对河南3种土壤1177个数据的相关性及回归分析来研究阳离子交换量与土壤有机质、pH值、粘粒含量、粉粒含量和砂粒含量的关系。结果表明:(1)对于阳离子交换量来说,砂姜黑土>水稻土>褐土;3种土壤的上层土>下层土;3种土壤的阳离子交换量比第二次土壤普查分别降低15.7%,12.7%,6.5%;(2)对与砂姜黑土和褐土来说,其阳离子交换量与pH值和0.02~2 mm砂粒含量成显著负相关,褐土与粘粒含量成显著正相关;对于水稻土来说,其阳离子交换量与有机质含量和粘粒含量成显著正相关,与砂粒含量成显著负相关;(3)利用这些数据做出的这三个土壤类型的6个回归模型是有科学依据的。总的来说,土壤有机质、pH值、粘粒含量与砂粒含量与CEC有着紧密联系,但还有其他因素影响着预测模型的准确性。 相似文献
10.
斥水剂作用下非饱和土壤抗剪强度测定及其变化规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为获得斥水性土壤抗剪强度的变化规律,采用二甲基二氯硅烷(dimethyldichlorosilane,DMDCS)作为斥水剂,获得了不同斥水程度的改性砂土。在此基础上配制了不同斥水剂体质比和不同含水率的改性砂土及不同亲水黏土质量分数的改性混合土,并采用非饱和土直剪仪开展了不固结不排水剪强度试验。结果表明:1)不同DMDCS体质比下的5种改性砂土斥水等级均为极度。改性混合土的斥水等级受DMDCS和黏土含量的共同影响。相同DMDCS体质比下,随着黏土含量的增加,改性混合土的斥水性能不断减弱;相同黏土含量下,随着DMDCS体质比的增加,改性混合土的斥水性能不断增大。2)不同DMDCS体质比、含水率及黏土含量下的改性土壤抗剪强度均可用摩尔-库仑强度准则描述。DMDCS体质比从0增至1%时,黏聚力从19.6陡降至10.4 kPa,随后缓慢降低,最终趋于稳定。内摩擦角则随着DMDCS体质比的增加缓慢减小,从0时的16.2o降至3%时的11.8o;随着含水率的增加,改性砂土黏聚力逐渐减小,而内摩擦角呈先升后降形态;随着黏土含量的增加,改性混合土黏聚力显著增大,内摩擦角表现为先升后降,变幅不大。纯改性砂土的黏聚力仅为9.3 kPa,而掺入5%的黏土时,其黏聚力骤升至27.2 kPa;当黏土质量分数为50%时,混合土黏聚力为55.1 kPa;内摩擦角最大值为16.2°(黏土质量分数15%),最小值为9.7°(黏土质量分数50%)。该成果可为深入研究斥水性土壤力学性能及工程应用提供参考。 相似文献
11.
再生水灌溉对典型土壤盐分和离子浓度的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为推动再生水安全灌溉,避免土壤盐渍化。该文研究了不同再生水灌溉年限对土壤盐分的影响。结果表明,不同再生水灌溉年限对各层土壤电导率、pH值无显著影响,而钠吸附比有所增加,但仍在适宜范围内。再生水灌溉后土壤中Na+、Mg2+、K+和Cl-含量总体呈现增加趋势,但在0～40 cm层位增加不显著,40～80 cm存在增加明显,土壤盐分在降水淋溶作用下具有向根系活动层以下迁移的趋势,华北地区气候条件下再生水灌溉引起耕层土壤盐分显著累积的风险较低。 相似文献
12.
再生水灌溉对农田土壤水流运动影响的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
再生水灌溉农田既可节约宝贵的水资源、缓解农业用水紧缺,同时再生水中的多种营养元素和微量元素可促进作物生长、提高粮食产量。但再生水中的物质进入农田后将引起土壤孔隙结构、团聚体结构、黏粒分散特征和水土作用关系等一系列的变化,进而引起土壤入渗性能和导水性能的改变,增大环境污染风险。该文综述了再生水中的悬浮无机固体、大分子有机质、油脂、表面活性剂和盐分对农田土壤水流运动的影响及其作用机理,指出受灌农田土壤结构性质演化过程与驱动机制、受灌农田土壤与灌溉入渗水流之间的相互作用关系为该领域亟需开展的2个研究方向。文章对再生水农田灌溉制度制定、污染风险控制和生态环境保护均有参考价值。 相似文献
13.
《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(2):142-152
Reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation in agriculture is a common alternative water source in arid regions suffering from fresh water (FW) shortage. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is frequently used for advanced TWW purification. Infiltration rates of water through the soil can decrease as a consequence of organic matter (OM) accumulation and the consequent induction of water repellency. In this research, soil heating to high temperatures was examined for its efficiency in OM content reduction and increased infiltration. In a laboratory experiment conducted using a hand burner and a combustion oven, water repellency was found to be reduced following increased heating temperature or heating duration, directly resulting in reduction of OM level. Chemical analysis of OM extracted from the heat treated soils revealed reduction in hydrophobic substances as a consequence of increased temperatures by soil heating and heating duration. In model ponds built to simulate large infiltration basins, OM content was reduced as a result of intensive and moderate soil heating in comparison to the untreated pond. However, no reduction in water repellency and only slight changes in infiltration rate were found as a consequence of soil heating. The differences in results obtained in the laboratory and the field experiments were probably related to the fact that the soil in the field experiment has been continuously reloaded with TWW containing OM. 相似文献
14.
“旋松一体”耕作对潮土和砂姜黑土物理性质及作物生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为改善潮土和砂姜黑土容重大,穿透阻力强,犁底层紧实等结构障碍。研究提出一种“旋松一体”耕作方式,并在山东德州的典型潮土和安徽怀远的典型砂姜黑土进行试验。其中,潮土设置旋耕15 cm、旋松一体30 cm两个处理;砂姜黑土设置旋耕15 cm、深翻30 cm和旋松一体30 cm三个处理,研究旋松一体耕作对两种土壤0 ~ 40 cm土层土壤容重、紧实度、水分动态和小麦玉米根系及产量生长的影响。结果表明:与旋耕相比,旋松一体耕作显著降低了潮土和砂姜黑土容重和穿透阻力,与深翻相比,旋松一体耕作也显著降低了砂姜黑土容重和穿透阻力。旋松一体耕作显著提高了降水后土壤水分下渗速度、下渗量及下渗深度,进而提高潮土深层,砂姜黑土小麦季表层及玉米季深层土壤体积含水量。与旋耕相比,旋松一体耕作分别增加潮土和砂姜黑土小麦产量11.4%和7.1%,玉米产量6.7%和37%（受涝害胁迫）,提高直接经济收益1748和3277元hm?2。旋松一体耕作有效改善了潮土和砂姜黑土物理性质,提高作物产量和经济效益显著,可作为华北平原土壤耕层结构改良的新型耕作模式。 相似文献
15.
The distribution and variation with soil depth of water repellency has been studied in fire-affected sand dunes under three different vegetation types (pine forest, shrubland and sparse herbaceous vegetation) in SW Spain. The persistence and intensity of water repellency at the exposed surface of soil was measured using the water drop penetration time test and the contact angle method, respectively, in surface samples (0–3 cm) collected at burned and unburned areas. The variation of water repellency with depth in burned areas was studied in soil profiles every 5 cm between 0 and 40 cm depth. None or slight soil water repellency was observed at unburned soil sites, whereas burned soil sites showed a high degree of repellency, especially under pines and shrubland. The spatial pattern of fire-induced soil water repellency was found to be associated to vegetation types, although it was modulated by soil acidity and the soil organic carbon content. Soil water repellency was generally higher at the soil surface, and decreased with depth. Dense pine forests and shrublands showed strong and/or severe water repellency in depth, but it was rare and limited to the first five centimeters under sparse herbaceous vegetation. The heterogeneity of moisture patterns under dense pine forests or shrublands showed the existence of wetting and water repellent three-dimensional soil patches. 相似文献
16.
我国砂姜黑土土种的系统分类归属研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文根据我国第二次土壤普查资料,依据《中国土壤系统分类检索》(第三版)中变性土诊断标准,对我国砂姜黑土主要分布区(安徽、河南、江苏和山东)的砂姜黑土所有土种进行了系统分类归属判别。结果表明:总共的54个土种中(安徽、河南、江苏和山东各13、20、6和15个),34个可以划归为变性土(安徽、河南、江苏和山东各7、16、5和6个),合计面积228万hm2(安徽、河南、江苏和山东各131万、59万、24万和14万hm2);26个砂姜黑土土种可划归为砂姜钙积潮湿变性亚类,8个为钙积潮湿变性土,其余属于雏形土或盐成土。对砂姜黑土的系统分类应该主要依据其黑土层的特性,而砂姜的存在与否只是决定亚类的特征。 相似文献
17.
再生水盐分在亚热带不同土壤中的迁移特性及其差异 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为了合理评价再生水灌溉盐分对土壤环境的影响,分析盐溶液淋溶亚热带土壤流出液盐分变化规律及其对土壤化学性质的影响差异,该文采用定水头入渗法,模拟不同浓度钠盐溶液淋溶黏性潮土、沙性潮土、红壤、紫色土、水稻土等5种亚热带地区土壤,并观测土壤流出液电导率（EC）和pH值的差异。试验结果表明：1）高浓度盐溶液对黏粒含量较高的红壤、紫色土、黏性潮土的穿透能力弱于黏粒含量较低的水稻土和沙性潮土。同等浓度水平处理达到相同的穿透程度,酸性土壤（红壤、紫色土、水稻土）能承受更多的低质水量。2）盐分在土壤中的迁移速度主要由土壤理化性质决定,土壤黏粒含量、交换性铝含量会显著减缓盐分在土壤中的迁移能力,而土壤粉粒含量、EC、pH值以及交换性钙、镁含量会促进盐分在土壤中的迁移。盐分更容易穿透碱性土壤（黏性潮土和沙性潮土）而流出,碱性土壤流出液相对EC最大变化速率比酸性土壤高36%。基于Boltzmann函数拟合表明,入渗水盐浓度及土壤理化性质对模型参数有显著影响（P<0.05）。3）土壤化学性质受入渗液盐分浓度的影响程度不仅与土壤本身的化学性质有关,也与土壤质地中的粉粒、黏粒含量有极显著的关系（P<0.01）。各浓度盐溶液对碱性土壤的pH值影响不明显,对酸性土壤的pH值影响较大,其流出液pH值减少1.6～2.6个单位,其中红壤的pH值变化最大,其次为紫色土。入渗液EC高于4.77 dS/m的处理对土壤流出液的稳定pH值影响增幅不明显。因此,利用低质水灌溉时要依据土壤理化性质合理限定水中盐浓度。 相似文献
18.
Occurrence and hydrological effects of water repellency in different soil and land use types in Mexican volcanic highlands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Little is known on the hydrological behavior of the volcanic ash soils, which are characterized by extremely high porosities and hydraulic conductivities. In this study the occurrence and hydrological effects of water repellency were investigated at a plot scale for different types of land use and volcanic soils in Mexican volcanic highlands from Michoacan, Mexico: [1] fir, pine and oak mixed forest soils developed from lavas, [2] soils developed from volcanic ashes and pyroclastic sediments under sparse fir, pine and oak forest and shrubland, [3] pine and oak forested soils developed from lavas and pyroclastic sediments, and [4] bare soils on recent ash sediments in plain surfaces. Soil water repellency was assessed using the water drop penetration time test and rainfall simulations were performed on circular plots (50 cm in diameter) during 30 min and at an intensity of 90 mm h− 1 in order to study the hydrological response of each area. The return period for storms with a similar intensity in the area is 10 years. The shape and depth of the wetting front after simulated rainfall was also analyzed. Soil water repellency showed a high variability among the different studied zones. Organic matter content, soil texture and acidity were the most important factors for developing hydrophobicity. A wide range of soil water repellency classes (hydrophilic to severely water-repellent soils) has been found in soils under dense fir, pine and oak mixed forests or shrubland, while inexistent or slight water repellency has been observed in soils under sparse forest or at bare ash-covered areas. At a plot scale, marked differences in the hydrological behavior of the studied land use and soil zones were observed after the rainfall simulations. Soil water repellency contributes to fast ponding and runoff generation during the first stages of rainstorms. Runoff was enhanced in water-repellent forested soils (average runoff coefficients between 15.7 and 19.9%), in contrast to hydrophilic or slightly water-repellent soils, where runoff rates were lower (between 1.0 and 11.7%). Shallow and irregular wetting fronts were observed at water-repellent zones, reducing the soil water storage capacity. The implications of soil water repellency in soil hydrology and erosion risk in the area shed light on the soil hydrology of the studied ecosystems, and can contribute to develop better management policies. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1513-1526
Abstract Many tropical plant species originated in areas with acidic soils and do not grow well in calcareous (high pH) soils. It is impossible to acidify soils that have high contents of calcium carbonate in south Florida. Replacing calcareous soils with acidic soils obtained from distant regions is an alternative. Unfortunately, such introduced acidic soils may eventually be neutralized by irrigation and ground water that is saturated with calcium carbonate. The objective of this investigation was to examine the acidity changes and buffering capacities of three types of acidic soils (silica sand soil, red loamy sand soil, and a mixed soil) used to establish tropical plants in a rainforest exhibition at Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, FL. The three areas were excavated to remove native calcareous soil, limestone bedrock, and filled with acidic soils. Various rainforest plants were planted. Soil samples were collected in contiguous 10 cm‐deep segments from the soil surface to the bedrock shortly after deposition of the soils and one year later. Soil pH, EC, particle distribution, buffering capacity were determined. Results showed that both silica sand and mixed soils had been neutralized and the soil pH values had risen over 7 in all soil depths after one year. However, less than 10 cm of the surface and bottom soil layers of red loamy sand had been neutralized and the soil pH in the middle of soil profile remained unchanged due to its higher buffering capacity. A column leaching study showed that the acidity in the red loamy sand soil would be neutralized by irrigation water and by capillary movement of groundwater with a high concentration of calcium bicarbonate. Buffering curves indicate that it is easier to maintain acidity in sandy soil than of loamy sand and mixed soils with acidified irrigation water. Indeed it is difficult to acidify the mixed soils with high organic matter content after these soils have been neutralized. 相似文献
20.
四种入渗模型对斥水土壤入渗规律的适用性 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
土壤斥水性影响入渗,进而影响作物产量。国外学者进行了一定的研究,但在中国研究的还很少。该文基于实测资料探讨几种常规的入渗模型在斥水土壤中的适用性。采用室内土柱进行积水入渗试验,对比了不同积水高度和斥水度条件下的土壤入渗规律,并采用4种模型分析了土壤入渗率变化特征。结果表明,累积入渗量随入渗历时的变化可用幂函数描述,不斥水土壤累积入渗量明显大于斥水土壤;累积入渗量与湿润锋推进距离呈良好的线性关系;利用Green-Ampt模型、Philip模型、Kostiakov公式和指数公式对入渗率与入渗历时间的关系进行拟合,其中Kostiakov公式更接近于实测值,其他模型拟合效果因斥水程度等因素的不同而异。 相似文献