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1.
Moso bamboo vinegar was treated with extractive and separation methods. The acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the major components in moso bamboo vinegar. The compositions of eight moso vinegar fractions collected over different temperature ranges from 100°C to 480°C were also analyzed and their effects on regulation of germination and growth were studied by bioassay with seeds of watercress and chrysanthemum. The results showed that moso bamboo vinegar fractions with collection temperatures up to 250°C promoted radicle and hypocotyl growth and this effect became larger with increasing collection temperature for chrysanthemum. Moso bamboo vinegar collected from 250°C to 400°C had a strong inhibition on germination and radicle growth for both seed types when tested at 103 dilution. 相似文献
2.
Methanol extractives from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) culms were found to have some regulation effects on the growth of the seed plants tested. They showed inhibition or promotion
of hypocotyl and radicle growth of lettuce, watercress, and chrysanthemum. The methanol extractives were fractionated with
n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. The diethyl ether-soluble fraction contained more phenolic substances than the
other fractions and showed strong inhibition of growth in lettuce seeds. The water-soluble fraction showed a promotion effect
on the hypocotyl growth of lettuce. The water-soluble fraction was heated at 200°C for 8h, and the inhibition effect on the
radicle growth of lettuce decreased and the promotion effect on the hypocotyl growth increased at 0.1% concentration.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
3.
[目的]通过比较不同程度干旱胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及生长生理的影响,探究毛竹种子萌发期对水分胁迫的耐受机理,为毛竹的水分管理提供科学依据。[方法]以毛竹种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸萌发的方法研究不同浓度(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%) PEG-6000溶液对其种子萌发、生长、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性的影响。并对种子萌发率、胚根和胚芽的生长量与PEG胁迫浓度间进行回归分析。[结果](1)对照组(CK)和5%处理组在第4天开始发芽,其余各处理组的发芽起始时间随处理浓度的升高逐渐延迟,25%处理组不发芽。(2)最终发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度随PEG浓度的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且均在5%浓度达到最大值。干旱胁迫下毛竹种子发芽率日变化曲线中对照组和5%处理组间存在唯一交叉点。毛竹种子在PEG胁迫下发芽率的临界值和极限值分别为14. 49%和19. 27%。(3)胚根和胚芽最终长度均在5%浓度时达到最大值,其后随着浓度的升高而减小,处理间差异显著(P 0. 05)。对照组和5%处理组的胚根平均长度日变化曲线存在交叉点。PEG胁迫下胚根生长的临界值和极限值分别为20. 43和23. 01%。(4)胚根中SOD、POD、CAT的活性均随PEG浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,且分别在5%、10%、10%浓度时达到最大值。(5) MDA和可溶性蛋白含量随PEG浓度的升高而持续升高,但低浓度(0%10%)时MDA含量差异不显著。[结论]低浓度干旱胁迫抑制发芽前期毛竹种子萌发以及胚根的形成,但显著提高毛竹种子的最终发芽率并且促进胚根后期的生长;而高浓度PEG干旱胁迫延迟毛竹发芽,抑制整个发芽时期的发芽率以及胚根、胚芽的生长; PEG浓度高于15%的干旱胁迫使毛竹的抗氧化酶系统发生紊乱,并对组织膜系统造成显著伤害。 相似文献
4.
不同竹种竹醋液组分分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用气-质联用仪和ICP-OES型等离子发射仪对雷竹（Phyllostachyspraecox）、白夹竹（Phyllostachys nidularia）、斑竹（Phyllostachys bambusoidesf）、赤竹（Sasa longiligula McClure）4种竹醋液的组分含量、微量元素进行了测定与分析。结果表明：（1）4种竹醋液组分含量、有机物种类各不相同。斑竹含有81种有机物,白夹竹75种,赤竹76种,雷竹61种,主要包括有机酸类、酚类、酮类、醇类、醛类、酯类及少量其它物质。（2）从K、Ca、Na、Mg元素的含量来看,雷竹的含量最高,斑竹含量最低;重金属Hg、Cd、Se基本没有,重金属As、Pb、Cr、Co等含量各不同。（3）不同竹种的竹醋液化学组分、含量和微量元素各不同,应根据不同的用途进行合理选择竹醋液。 相似文献
5.
Mu Jun Yu Zhi-ming Wu Wen-qiang Wu Qing-li 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(3):43-47
1 Introduction Bamboo vinegar is a condensed acidic liquid obtained in the process of producing bamboo charcoal. It has a special smoky odor and its color is light-yellow to brown. There are over 200 kinds of chemical compo- nents involved and these components mainly include organic acids, phenolic, alkone, alcohol and ester compounds. Of these, acetic acids are the main com- ponents, accounting for about 50% of the organic chemicals. Bamboo vinegar has been found to have an effect on improvi… 相似文献
6.
We measured physiological parameters including water uptake, in-vitro embryo germination ratio, and seed coat structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the influence of seed coat on the germination of seeds of tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (Linn) Roxb.). Tallow tree seeds had good water permeability. We found that germination of cabbage seeds was inhibited when cabbage seeds were soaked in extracted solutions from tallow tree seed coat. Seed coat structure at the side of the radicle appeared to be a barrier to seed germination. We tested methods to break tallow tree seed dormancy. Dormancy of tallow tree seeds was overcome by soaking the seeds in 500 mg·L-1 or 1000 mg·L-1 GA3, followed by 100 days of cold stratification. 相似文献
7.
Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, with four replicates)
on germination of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) seeds produced in plantations (southern Keerqin sandy land) and natural forests (Hulunbeier sandy plain) were observed.
The results indicated that the seeds from both provenances did not germinate when PEG concentration was more than 25%. The
time of initial germination and that of its completion of stressed seeds from both provenances were delayed when compared
with the unstressed seeds. The germination capacity and germination rate of natural seeds were significantly higher than those
of plantation seeds for all treatment levels (P < 0.05). The mean growth rates of radicle and hypocotyl from natural seeds were significantly higher than those from plantation
seeds at all treatment levels below 20% PEG treatment (P < 0.05). The ratios of radicle to hypocotyl of 20% PEG treatment were significant higher than those of the corresponding
controls for both provenances (P < 0.05). These results suggested that Mongolian pine seeds/seedlings had stronger resistance to PEG drought stresses; 10%
PGE stress did not significantly influence germination. Natural seeds exhibited more resistance to PEG stress than plantation
seeds. It was concluded that drought stress on seed germination might be one cause of obstructed natural regeneration of Mongolian
pine plantations on sandy land. It is recommended that natural seeds be used for afforestation, and light drought stress (e.g.,
10% PEG stress) may be useful in improving seed germination and the growth of radicles and hypocotyls. 相似文献
8.
《林业研究》2021,(2)
Acid rain has become a major concern due to increasing atmospheric pollution,particularly in China.We investigated whether acid rain inhibits the germination of seeds and subsequent emergence of seedling of four tree species from southern China:Cunninghamia lanceolata,Fokienia hodginisi,Pinus massoniana and Phoebe zhennan by simulating acid rain with pH of 2.5,3.5,4.5 and 5.5.We hypothesized that the inhibitory effect of acid rain on germination of seeds and emergence of seedling varies between species and the degree of acidity.A solution of 1 N H_2 SO_4 and 1 N HNO_3 in the ratio of 10-1 was prepared and diluted to four pH levels,and seeds were supplied with solutions of these pH values and distilled water as control and tested for germination in a controlled growth chamber.The results revealed that simulated acid rain of pH 2.5 adversely affected the germination capacity of F.hodginisi and P.zhennan;while all acid solutions significantly increased germination of P.Massoniana;but had no effect on germination of C.Lanceolata seeds.Strong acid solution(pH of 2.5) adversely affected elongation of radicle and hypocotyl as well as fresh and dry weights of radicle and hypocotyl of tender seedlings.The result demonstrated that seedling emergence is more sensitive than seed germination to simulated acid rain,and germination of conifer species are less sensitive than broad leaved species to simulated acid rain.As a whole,acid rain of pH of 3.5 is the threshold level and acid rain below this value will have a detrimental effect on seed germination and seedling emergence. 相似文献
9.
Constituents of tars formed during the aging of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), oak (Quercus serrata), and pine (Pinus densiflora) wood crude vinegars were analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(Py-GC-MS) to investigate their origination. The pyrolysate of tars obtained from the wood and bamboo crude vinegars were
almost identical and were primarily composed of phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, during the aging
of model wood vinegar that was prepared for comparison with the wood and bamboo vinegars, a marked decrease was observed in
the levels of phenolic compounds (phenol; o-, p-, and m-cresol; and syringol). Furthermore, the Py-GC-MS results of the tars produced during the aging of the model wood vinegar
revealed that phenolic compounds were primarily responsible for the formation of tar during the aging of wood and bamboo crude
vinegars. Pyrroles, which may be derived from the primary pyrolysate of amino acids, nitrogen-containing extracts, or both,
were also partially involved in the formation of tar during the aging period. 相似文献
10.
MuJun UeharaTohru LiJianzhang FurunoTakeshi 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(2):1-5
The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from two main bamboo species, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and madake bamboo (P bambusoides) in Japan, was first evaluated by scavenging free radical of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the inhibition activity for peroxidation of linoleic acid, and the reduction power. The methanol-extracts of moso bamboo culms and madake bamboo leaves presented stronger antioxidant activity compared with DPPH scavenging activity. Methanol-extract of moso bamboo culms was further fractionated by different solvents and n-butanol soluble fraction exhibited the most significant activity in the DPPH scavenging assay. The fractionation of n-butanol soluble extract was isolated by silica gel column with gradient mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol. The isolated fractions were directed by the antioxidant activity measured by scavenging the stable DPPH free radical. It was observed that most of the eluted fractions showed the antioxidative activity. Fractions acquired from elution with the mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol (10:1-5:1) showed stronger antioxidant activity than the other fractions. 相似文献
11.
Although gravitropism of maize (Zea mays L.) roots is dependent on light, it is not known if light affects the gravitropism of pine radicles. Therefore, seeds of
slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were germinated under constant light or constant darkness. A gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) of 90° indicates the radicle
is pointed horizontally while a GSA of 0° indicates the radicle is growing toward the center of the earth. After 20 days from
sowing, the GSA was less than 10° in both light and darkness. Therefore, gravitropism of both pine species occurred in the
dark. The presence of light initially stimulated gravitropism but this effect was ephemeral. After 25 days from sowing, there
was no significant difference in radicle growth among light treatments, suggesting that darkness did not affect pine radicle
gravitropism. However, light did increase germination of both species. Radicle length was slightly increased when seeds germinated
in the dark. 相似文献
12.
We recorded gregarious flowering of three bamboo species viz. Bambusa arundinacea, Bambusa tulda and Melocanna baccifera during rainy season from early March to late May, 2008 at lowland forest of Bajali area of Indo-Burma hotspot region. A regular
method of field sampling of various forest types was used to map the bamboo species in Assam, India. Moreover, people’s perception
on bamboo blooming was investigated at 17 sample plots covering 258 respondents inhabiting at the site at an average of 15
in each plots. A floral clump (inflorescence) emerged and developed into a giant panicle comprising of numerous florets. Two
types of seeds viz. bacca and caryopsis were recorded in different species. Viviparous germination was noticed in few bacca
seeds produced by M. baccifera and this has unusual occurrence in bamboo. Seed viability test shows that 75% caryopsis seeds were viable; these seeds had
the potential of germination and can be used for mass regeneration. Most local respondents believe that bamboo flowering can
result in population explosion of rodent, therefore, they think bamboo flowering is positively correlated with famine. This
traditional belief results in massive destruction of bamboo clumps, which significantly impacts on rural economy. 相似文献
13.
采集广西桂林北部3个县9个地区的毛竹种子开展育苗试验,分析不同地区毛竹种子的出苗率及苗木生长状况。结果表明：9个地区的毛竹种子发芽率存在极显著差异,其中灌阳4区毛竹种子发芽率最高,灌阳3区毛竹种子发芽率最低;3个县之间的毛竹种子发芽率差异不显著;毛竹种子实生苗地径、苗高及平均根数在9个地区之间存在极显著差异,而根径则无显著差异;3个县之间比较,恭城县毛竹种子实生苗的平均地径最大,而灵川2区的平均苗高最大。利用种子实生苗生长指标进行聚类分析,可将9个地区初步划分为3个种源区。 相似文献
14.
V. Sivakumar R. Anandalakshmi R. R. Warrier B. G. Singh Mulualem Tigabu P. C. Odén 《New Forests》2007,34(3):281-291
The germination of Casuarina equisetifolia Forst seed lots is low (40–50%) even when freshly collected. This study aimed at upgrading the germination performance by
removing non-germinable seeds using petroleum flotation technique. Seeds collected from 19 individual trees in seedling seed
orchards in India were assessed using X-ray to determine the proportion of different seed lot fractions. The feasibility of
petroleum ether as a separation medium was tested. Morphological characters of floating and sunken seeds were further studied
using image analysis technique to examine their effects on the separation efficiency. The X-ray analysis revealed a large
quantity of shrivelled, empty and insect-damaged seeds, altogether accounting 50%, which were the causes of low percentage
germination of un-graded seed lots (48%). Petroleum flotation resulted in 90% germination in the sunken fraction and 4% in
the floating fraction. The separation was distinct for most seed lots, except few seed lots that had relatively low germination
in the sunken fractions and more than 10% germination in the floating fractions. As a whole, petroleum flotation appears to
be a feasible technique to upgrade the germination of C. equisetifolia seed lots, and its efficacy is influenced by wing surface area, seed density and wing quotient of filled and empty seeds. 相似文献
15.
目的]筛选云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子最佳表面灭菌条件,研究其萌发特性。[方法]筛选NaClO(2%、3%、4%)与HgCl_2(0.01%、0.1%)最佳消毒浓度组合;采用流水冲洗时间(6、12、18 h)、2%NaClO浸泡时间(5、10、15 min)和0.1%Hg Cl_2浸泡时间(5、10、15 min),设计正交试验实验,探讨2种竹种最佳表面灭菌处理的时间组合,并对竹种分别在滤纸、MS培养基以及经3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡后在MS培养基上的发芽率进行了探讨。[结果]NaClO、Hg Cl_2最佳消毒浓度组合为2%NaClO+0.1%HgCl_2;2种竹种最佳表面灭菌时间组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%Na Cl O浸泡10min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min,经此处理后云南甜龙竹和黄竹的发芽率分别为84.4%、72.2%,污染率分别为18.7%、29.6%。不同处理种子萌发率差异t检验结果显示:2种竹子种子是否经过3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡,对其在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但种子在MS培养基上的发芽率显著高于滤纸上的发芽率。经相同处理黄竹的发芽率均低于云南甜龙竹。[结论]云南甜龙竹、黄竹最佳表面灭菌组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%NaClO浸泡10 min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min;3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡处理对云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但MS培养基上种子的发芽率显著高于其在滤纸上的发芽率。 相似文献
16.
17.
竹酢液对杉木苗木生长效应和土壤肥力影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过杉木幼苗的盆栽试验,采用喷施及土壤施入两种施用方法及9个不同浓度处理,分析施用竹酢液后对土壤化学性质以及杉木苗高和地径生长的影响。结果表明:施用竹酢液后,土壤pH无明显变化;H50和P300两种处理可以明显提高土壤全氮和速效磷含量,降低苗木生长过程中土壤速效钾、碱解氮和有机质等指标含量的衰减程度;促进土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性;对苗高和地径的生长有明显的促进作用。总体看来,适宜浓度的竹酢液对提高杉木人工林土壤肥力,促进杉木生长有利,其应用前景广泛。 相似文献
18.
Imbibitions, energy test and accelerated ageing in primed and non-primed seeds of Peltophorum dubium
LILei-hong ZHANGWan-li ZUYuan-gang SONIAPerez 《林业研究》2005,16(2):113-116
Peltophorum dubium seeds were set to imbibe with four treatments, soaked with solution Captan 0.2% under 10and 27℃,PEG 6000 -1.0 MPa under 10 and 27℃. For each treatment there were four replicates with 40 seeds incubated in 9-cm Petri dishes with double filter paper moistened with testing solution. The imbibition curves showed that the final weight increase were from 70% to 150% in the treatments when imbibition entered a lag phase. Seeds were tested for effects on germination of five treatments: control group (nonprimed), primed with PEG6000 -1.0 MPa at 10 and 27℃, primed with Captan 0.2% at 10 and 27℃. For each treatment, there were three sub-treatments: seeds were soaked in distilled water for 12, 24 and 36h before the energy test. Germination percentages of nonprimed seeds and primed in PEG 27℃ soaked in distilled water during 12 h were the highest, reaching 100%. The lowest germination percentage occurred primed seeds with PEG6000 27℃ and soaked in distilled water during 36 h, which was only 52%. Germination mean time of primed seeds in PEG at 10℃, soaked 24 h was 1.08 days, mean time of primed seeds in PEG at 27℃ soaked 12 h was 2.42 days. Accelerated ageing results showed low or no germination after ageing 72 h. Control group had a higher germination percentage and seeds were more resistant to deterioration than those in primed groups, both in Petri dish (27℃) and vermiculate (room temperature). 相似文献
19.
D. A. Ofori T. Peprah J. R. Cobbinah H. A. Atchwerebour F. Osabutey Z. Tchoundjeu A. J. Simons R. Jamnadass 《New Forests》2011,41(3):337-348
Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev, is an indigenous fruit tree species that could be used in agroforestry systems with both environmental and economic
benefits. The seed oil is of prime importance as a foreign exchange earner and is being developed as a rural based enterprise
in many African countries notably Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon and Tanzania. Methods for propagation and conservation of the species
are therefore of prime importance. The seeds of the species are however difficult to germinate hindering its domestication
process. Allanblackia parviflora seeds were collected from seven different populations in Ghana and were subjected to four different seed germination trials
at the nursery of CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana at Fumesua, Kumasi. This was followed by studying the effect of
stage of seed germination on establishment after potting. Intact seeds began germination at 7 months after sowing and at 24 months,
significant (P < 0.001) variations were observed in the seed germination ability of 74 accessions. Mean seed germination ranged from 0 to
35%. Significant differences in seed germination percentages among populations (P < 0.001) and provenances (P < 0.05) were also observed. Removal of seed coat significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced seed germination. Germination percentages of seeds with seed coat removed ranged from 6 to 43% while seed
germination percentages for intact seeds were less or equal to 3%. Incubation of seeds with seed coat removed in polythene
bags gave an added advantage. Seeds with seed coat removed and kept in polythene bags started germinating from 2 weeks and
within 10 months, 75 and 68% germination were obtained for plane and black polythene bags, respectively. Removal of germinants
and potting when shoot length was at least 1 cm gave significantly higher growth (P < 0.001 for shoot height, P < 0.05 for stem diameter, P < 0.001 for number of leaves produced) compared to when only radicle had emerged. It became evident in this study that seeds
should be classified as fully germinated only when shoots begin to grow. 相似文献
20.
The germination capacity of Ailanthus altissima seeds improved after the seeds were soaked with different concentrations of natural brassinolide (NBR). The germination rate
and germination energy of the seeds increased by 17.6% and 18.8%, and the mean germination speed (i.e., germination time)
of the seeds was shortened by 1.4 d under the optimal concentration (0.4 mg.L−1) treatment, compared with the control. After hypocotyls of A. altissima were treated with NBR, the elongation of the hypocotyls increased. Among different concentrations of the NBR, 0.4 mg·L−1 NBR appeared to be the optimal concentration for the elongation of A. altissima hypocotyls. 相似文献