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1.
Testosterone-producing thecoma in a female cat   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Virilizing features in a six-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat resolved following surgical removal of a mass at the left ovarian stump. Serum testosterone concentration before surgery was elevated. Clinical signs resolved and testosterone concentration normalized after removal of the tumor. A testosterone-producing thecoma was found on histopathology. This report presents the case report and literature review of thecomas.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of co‐culture of buffalo preantral follicles (PFs) with different somatic cells, i.e, cumulus, granulosa, ovarian mesenchymal and oviductal epithelial cells was studied. Large PFs (250–450 μm) were isolated by microdissecting the trypsin (1%) digested ovarian cortical slices. Cumulus cells were isolated by repeated pipetting of oocytes, granulosa cells were isolated by aspirating from punctured PFs and ovarian mesenchymal cells were isolated from ovarian cortex by scraping the cortical slices and passing through 20 μm filter. Preantral follicles were cultured in standard culture medium without somatic cells or co‐cultured with cumulus cells, granulosa cells, ovarian mesenchymal cells and oviductal epithelial cells for 80 days. The growth rate (μm/day) of the PFs was monitored by measuring follicular diameter on day 0, 30, 60 and 80 days of culture. The viability of PFs was evaluated by trypan blue staining. The results indicated that PFs co‐cultured with cumulus, granulosa and ovarian mesenchymal cells had a better development and survivality compared with control and those co‐culture with oviductal epithelial cells. Maximum growth and survivality of PFs were achieved when cultured with cumulus cells. It is concluded that inclusion of somatic cells in PF culture media had beneficial effect on the growth of PFs and cumulus cells supported maximum growth and survivality of PFs in vitro of all somatic cells tested.  相似文献   

3.
To improve the reproductive performance of water buffalo to level can satisfy our needs, the mechanisms controlling ovarian follicular growth and development should be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, the expressions of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) in buffalo ovaries were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the effects of GDF‐9 treatment on follicle progression were investigated using a buffalo ovary organ culture system. Frozen–thawed buffalo ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 14 days in the presence or absence of GDF‐9. After culture, ovarian slices were fixed, sectioned and stained. The follicles were morphologically analysed and counted. Expression pattern of GDF‐9 was detected in oocytes from primordial follicles onwards, besides, also presented in granulosa cells. Moreover, GDF‐9 was detected in mural granulosa cells and theca cells of pre‐antral follicles. In antral follicles, cumulus cells and theca cells displayed positive expression of GDF‐9. In corpora lutea, GDF‐9 was expressed in both granulosa and theca lutein cells. After in vitro culture, there was no difference in the number of primordial follicles between cultured plus GDF‐9 and cultured control that indicated the GDF‐9 treatment has no effect on the primordial to primary follicle transition. GDF‐9 treatment caused a significant decrease in the number of primary and secondary follicles compared with controls accompanied with a significant increase in pre‐antral and antral follicles. These results suggest that a larger number of primary and secondary follicles were stimulated to progress to later developmental stages when treated with GDF‐9. Vitrification/warming of buffalo ovarian tissue had a little remarkable effect, in contrast to culturing for 14 days, on the expression of GDF‐9. In conclusion, treatment with GDF‐9 was found to promote progression of primary follicle that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development and to improve therapies for the most common infertility problem in buffaloes (ovarian inactivity).  相似文献   

4.
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cattle. It has been shown that intra‐ovarian factors may contribute to follicular persistence. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFB) isoforms are important paracrine and autocrine signalling molecules that regulate ovarian follicle growth and physiology. Considering the importance of these factors in the ovarian physiology, in this study, we examined the expression of TGFB isoforms (TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3) in the ovary of healthy cows and animals with spontaneous and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)‐induced COD. In the oestrous‐synchronized control group, the expression of TGFB1 in granulosa and theca cells was higher in spontaneous cysts than in atretic or tertiary follicles. When we compared TGFB2 expression in granulosa cells from atretic or tertiary follicles from the oestrous‐synchronized control group with that in ACTH‐induced or spontaneous follicular cysts, we found a higher expression in the latter. The expression of the TGFB isoforms studied was also altered during folliculogenesis in both the spontaneous and ACTH‐induced COD groups. As it has been previously shown that TGFB influences steroidogenesis, ovarian follicular proliferation and apoptosis, an alteration in its expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.  相似文献   

5.
RFamide‐related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3), the mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin‐inhibiting hormone, has been implicated as a mediator between reproduction and energy balance. This study aimed to investigate the physiological effects of RFRP‐3 on the process of ovarian development in food‐restricted pre‐pubertal ewes. The results showed that food restriction significantly inhibited the ovarian development and follicular growth. The data of qPCR in the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis showed that food restriction not only upregulated RFRP‐3 mRNA expression but also downregulated the mRNA expression of gonadotropin‐releasing‐hormone receptor, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). Immunohistochemistry of RFRP‐3 in the ovaries suggested that RFRP‐3 may regulate the follicular development. These results suggested that the changes of RFRP‐3 in response to food restriction might influence the HPO axis and inhibit ovarian development.  相似文献   

6.
TGF-β超家族(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)是一类在结构上相对保守的生长因子,参与细胞增殖与分化等多种细胞生理活动。近来发现卵巢体细胞和卵母细胞能够表达多种属于TGF-β超家族的生长因子。这些生长因子参与调节卵泡的生长发育,并且其表达和功能的发挥随卵泡生长发育表现出阶段特异性。 其中BMP15和GDF9等基因的突变会影响卵泡正常的生长发育和功能发挥,甚至不育。  相似文献   

7.
Four female Shiba goats were used to determine the influence of body weight loss by dietary restriction on estrous cyclicity. The dietary restriction was started on the day following ovulation. The goats were fed hay cube and straw at an amount of 30% of energy requirement based on weekly body weight measurement. The ovaries were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography and blood samples were collected daily by jugular venipuncture for ovarian steroids analysis. After the start of food restriction, all animals lost body weight and entered ovarian quiescence. Intervals to the onset of ovarian quiescence tended to depend on the body weight of each animal at the start of food restriction. The mean concentration of progesterone during the mid-luteal phase (from 7 to 13 days after ovulation) in the last estrous cycle before ovarian quiescence was significantly lower than that in normal estrous cycle of the control period (19.7 +/- 2.8 vs 12.3 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the length of the luteal phase, determined as the period when corpora lutea existed and concentrations of progesterone were equal to or greater than 1 ng/ml (15.8 +/- 1.5 vs 15.0 +/- 2.8 days, P>0.1). A rise of estradiol concentration and follicular growth in the follicular phase following a decline of progesterone level after luteal regression tended to be suppressed at the onset of ovarian quiescence. It seems that the present results are consistent with previous findings that nutritionally induced body weight loss influences the secretion of ovarian steroids and eventually induces ovarian quiescence.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
A 5‐year‐old female entire German Shepherd presented for otitis and lethargy. An incidental abdominal mass was identified on examination. Ultrasound examination (US) identified a heterogeneous left ovarian mass. Computed tomography (CT) was performed for surgical planning and staging. The reproductive tract was removed en bloc and submitted for histopathology. Multiple small (1–5 mm) nodules identified at coeliotomy on the surface of the liver, spleen and peritoneum were biopsied. The lesions were not visible on CT nor US on review. This is the first case report of the CT findings of ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis.  相似文献   

10.
Involvement of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in ovarian folliculogenesis has been extensively studied during the last decade. In all mammalian species, IGF-I stimulates granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. The concentrations of IGF-I and -II do not vary during terminal follicular growth and atresia. In contrast, the levels of IGFBP-2 and -4, as well as IGFBP-5 in ruminants, dramatically decrease and increase during terminal follicular growth and atresia, respectively. These changes are responsible for an increase and a decrease in IGF bioavailability during follicular growth and atresia, respectively. They are partly explained by changes in ovarian expression. In particular, expression of IGFBP-2 mRNA decreases during follicular growth in ovine, bovine and porcine ovaries, and expression of IGFBP-5 mRNA dramatically increases in granulosa cells of bovine and ovine atretic follicles. Changes in IGFBP-2 and -4 levels are also due to changes in intrafollicular levels of specific proteases. Recently, we have shown that the pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is responsible for the degradation of IGFBP-4 in preovulatory follicles of domestic animals. Expression of PAPP-A mRNA is restricted to the granulosa cell compartment, and is positively correlated to expression of aromatase and LH receptor. From recent evidence, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family would also play a key role in ovarian physiology of domestic animals. In particular, we and others have recently shown that a non-conservative substitution (Q249R) in the bone morphogenetic protein-receptor type IB (BMPR-IB) coding sequence is fully associated with the hyperprolific phenotype of FecB(B)/FecB(B) Booroola ewes. BMP-4 and GDF-5, natural ligands of BMPR-IB, strongly inhibit secretion of progesterone by ovine granulosa cells in vitro, but granulosa cells from FecB(B)/FecB(B) ewes are less responsive than those from FecB(+)/FecB(+) to the action of these peptides. It is suggested that in FecB(B)/FecB(B) ewes, Q249R substitution would impair the function of BMPR-IB, leading to a precocious differentiation of granulosa cells and of follicular maturation. Interestingly, recent findings have described mutations in BMP-15 gene associated with hyperprolific phenotypes in Inverdale and Hanna ewes, suggesting that the BMP pathway plays a crucial role in the control of ovulation rate.  相似文献   

11.
A 4-year-old crossbred Thoroughbred mare was referred to the University of Tehran Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a mass in the pelvic cavity. The mare had been partially anorectic and pyrexic. On clinical examination, the mare was thin and depressed, with body temperature of 38°C, a pulse rate of 38 beats/minute, and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. Palpation per rectum revealed a large, smooth and tense mass in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity. Ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of a soft tissue mass with a thick wall. The inner surface of the mass had a villous-like appearance. The stroma of the mass was mottled, with accumulation of speckled and hypoechoic to slightly hyperechoic fluid. Hormone assays revealed low serum concentration of testosterone. Serum progesterone concentration indicated that active luteal tissue and serum estradiol concentration was 24 pg/ml. On histological examination, the sections from the tumor were composed of oval- or spindle-shaped cells loosely arranged in diffuse sheets or irregularly interlacing fascicles. On the basis of these histological findings, the large tumor mass of the left ovary was considered to be a thecoma. To our knowledge, the details of the clinical, ultrasonographic, endocrinologic, and histologic findings of this tumor in the mare have not been described in the veterinary literature.  相似文献   

12.
Factors that affect ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Studies of ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle may lead to methods for improving fertility, for synchronizing estrus with more precision, and for enhancing superovulatory responses. Within an estrous cycle, two or three large (> 10 mm) follicles develop during consecutive waves of follicular growth. The last wave provides the ovulatory follicle, whereas preceding wave(s) provide follicles that undergo atresia. The life span of large follicles seems to depend on the pulsatile secretion of LH; decreased frequency of LH pulses results in atresia of large follicles. Aromatase activity in the walls of the largest follicles is greatest during the first 8 d of the estrous cycle and decreases by d 12. Steroidogenesis of the largest and second-largest ovarian follicles differs on d 5, 8, and 12 of the estrous cycle. Follicular dynamics are altered by negative energy balance and lactation. The number of large follicles and concentration of estradiol during the preovulatory period differs between postpartum lactating and nonlactating cows. Dietary fats stimulate follicular growth when they are fed to increase energy balance. Administration of bovine somatotropin decreases energy balance and has a differential effect on ovarian follicular responses; growth of the largest follicle does not change, but growth of the second-largest follicle is stimulated by somatotropin. Studies of follicular dynamics in lactating cows demonstrate changes in ovarian function associated with energy balance that may be related to inefficient reproductive performance of cows producing high yields of milk.  相似文献   

13.
Expression of Kit ligand (KL) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP3) genes was studied at different in vivo and corresponding in vitro stages of development of the ovarian follicles in sheep. The expression of both KL and IGFBP3 was significantly higher in the primordial follicles relative to any other stage of development. Compared to the other stages, the KL expression in the cumulus cells from in vivo grown large antral follicles and that of IGFBP3 in COCs’ isolated from large antral follicles matured in vitro for 24 hr were significantly higher. In the oocytes from in vivo grown ovarian follicles, the expression of KL was the same at all the stages of development. Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 expression was also the same in the oocytes at all the stages of the development except for a significantly lower expression in those from antral follicles. The expression of KL in the cumulus cells decreased significantly in the in vitro grown early antral follicles but did not change further as the development progressed. The expression of IGFBP3 in the cumulus cells from in vitro grown ovarian follicles appeared to increase as the development progressed although the increase was not significant between any two consecutive stages of development. In the oocytes in in vitro grown ovarian follicles, the expression levels of KL and IGFBP3 genes did not change with development. It is concluded that (i) KL and IGFBP3 genes follow specific patterns of expression during ovarian folliculogenesis and (ii) in vitro culture of preantral follicles compromises the development potential through alterations in the stage‐specific patterns of expression of these and other developmentally important genes.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Mammalian oocytes secrete transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) superfamily proteins, such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and BMP15, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). These oocyte‐derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) play essential roles in regulating the differentiation and function of somatic granulosa cells as well as the development of ovarian follicles. In addition to the importance of individual ODPFs, emerging evidence suggests that the interaction of ODPF signals with other intra‐follicular signals, such as estrogen, is critical for folliculogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the role of ODPFs in follicular development with an emphasis on their interaction with estrogen signaling in regulation of the differentiation and function of granulosa cells.  相似文献   

16.
Our study was conducted to assess the follicular development and availability of sound ovarian oocytes for in vitro production (IVP) of embryos in pre‐pubertal cats. The relationship between body and ovarian weight was examined in 93 cats. The results revealed that ovarian weight rapidly increased until 100 days of estimated age. By histological evaluation of ovaries obtained from 11 pre‐pubertal cats with estimated age of <20, 20–40 and 100–120 days, it was clarified that the increase in ovarian weight during kitten growth accompanied the increase in the number and size of antral follicles. The follicular diameter and percentage of normal oocytes in secondary/antral follicles also increased as estimated age (body weight) increased. The oocytes obtained from pre‐pubertal cats with 100–120 days of estimated age were used for IVP of embryos. The results showed that the success rates of in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and development to blastocysts after in vitro culture in pre‐pubertal cats were lower than in sexually mature cats. However, the percentage of blastocysts based on the cleaved embryos and cell number of blastocysts in pre‐pubertal cats were comparable to those in mature cats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the ovaries of pre‐pubertal cats with ≥100 days of age contain oocytes with in vitro developmental competence to blastocysts.  相似文献   

17.
Numerous experimental models in different species have been developed for the study of polycystic ovarian syndrome. In this study, we used a model of induction of polycystic ovaries (PO) in rats by exposure to constant light to study the distribution and variations of glycosylated residues present in the different ovarian structures. Seven biotinylated lectins were used (Con‐A, WGA, DBA, SBA, PNA, RCA and UEA‐I) on tissue sections, and detection was performed using the streptavidin/peroxidase method. In tissue sections was observed an increase in affinity for Con‐A in the granulosa and theca interna of growing follicles and cysts in animals with PO in relation to the control group. Follicular cysts showed higher affinity for WGA and RCA‐I which growing follicles in the same group, and there was a decrease in affinity for PNA in the cysts in relation to the growth of follicles in both groups. Atretic follicles in both groups showed greater labelling with lectins PNA, SBA and RCA‐I in relation to healthy follicles. It could also be noted that the zona pellucida of cystic follicles lost the affinity for the lectin Con‐A. There was no staining on follicles in any category with the lectins DBA and UEA‐I, although it was staining in the corpus luteum (control group) and in the mesothelium and interstitial glands of both groups with DBA. These observations probably reflect changes in the glycosaminoglycans present in the different ovarian compartments or in the glycosylation of cellular components essential for proper follicular dynamics.  相似文献   

18.
Sammy  Ramirez  DVM  MS  Steven A.  Sedrish  DVM  MS  Dale L.  Paccamonti  DVM  MS  Dennis D.  French  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(2):165-168
This report describes two mares presented for evaluation of anorexia, fever of unknown origin, and weight loss. Clinical examination, laboratory findings, and transrectal ultrasonographic images suggested ovarian abscessation. One mare was successfully treated medically. Because of financial considerations, the second mare was euthanatized and a postmortem examination was performed. At necropsy, there was an enlarged right ovary with an adhesion to the large colon. Microscopic findings were characteristic of an ovarian abscess.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of the present paper is to make a comparative study of the expression of the elements of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system in different mammalian species and thus illuminate their potential role in the process of ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals. In most mammalian species, IGFs and IGFBPs (in particular IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐4) are considered, respectively, as stimulators and inhibitors of follicular growth and maturation. In mammalian species, IGFs might play a key role in sensitizing ovarian granulosa cells to FSH action during terminal follicular growth. Concentrations of IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐4 in follicular fluid strongly decrease and increase during follicular growth and atresia, respectively, leading to an increase and a decrease in IGF bioavailability, respectively. The decrease in these IGFBPs is because of a decrease in mRNA expression (IGFBP‐2) and an increase in proteolytic degradation by PAPP‐A in follicular fluid (IGFBP‐2, IGFBP‐4 and IGFBP‐5), and likely participates in the selection of dominant follicles. In contrast, levels and/or sites of expression of IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGFBP‐4, IGFBP‐5 and type II receptor in follicular cells strongly differ between mammalian species, suggesting that these phenomena might play species‐specific or secondary roles in ovarian folliculogenesis.  相似文献   

20.
Insulin-like growth factors in the regulation of avian ovarian functions.   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
In the past three decades, overwhelming evidence has accumulated to show that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II, their receptors and binding proteins (IGFBP) (the IGF system), have major roles to play in the regulation of ovarian function in mammals. Although studies in birds did not start until 5-6 years ago, the limited information thus far available suggests that the IGFs act as autocrine/paracrine regulators of follicular growth and differentiation, just as observed in mammals. The genes for IGF-I and -II, type-I IGF receptor, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-5 are expressed in both granulosa and theca cells of the chicken ovary. The mechanisms by which the IGF system controls ovarian function in the avian species are complex and involve interactions with the gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), growth hormone, and even other growth factors. Effects are different between strains and nutritional status.  相似文献   

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