共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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10个玉米自交系穗部性状的配合力分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用5×5不完全双列杂交设计,对10个玉米自交系的单株产量等7个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力进行了分析。结果表明:交51、7922、丹340、自330有较高的一般配合力,黄早四×7922、自330×木4、Mo17×5331、丹340×095、32×7922、自330×交51和丹340×交51有较高的特殊配合力。在所有杂交组合中,丹340×交51的产量最高,丹340×095、自330×交51的产量次之,这3个组合可作为潜势组合进一步试验。在选择性状时,玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和单株产量宜早代选择,行粒数、出籽率、百粒重宜晚代选择。 相似文献
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欧洲玉米种质BRC选系主要农艺性状的配合力及杂种优势分析 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,以分属于5个杂种优势群的自交系昌7-2、DH34、Mo17、郑58和丹988为测验种,与5个欧洲玉米种质BRC选系组配25个杂交组合,分析5个欧洲玉米种质BRC选系的主要农艺性状的配合力及杂种优势。结果表明,自交系BRC-1和BRC-5单株产量及相关性状一般配合力表现较好,在玉米育种中有较大的利用潜力;组合BRC-5×Mo17、BRC-6×DH34和BRC-1×丹988是产量及相关性状特殊配合力综合表现优良的组合;BRC-5×DH34、BRC-1×DH34、BRC-1×丹988、BRC-6×DH34和BRC-1×昌7-2是单株产量总配合力和杂种优势表现突出的组合。BRC种质选系或BRC改良自交系可与旅大红骨、塘四平头、PN78599类群的玉米自交系杂交组配出强优势玉米杂交种。 相似文献
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25个优良温带玉米自交系与4个热带玉米自交系农艺性状的配合力研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用NCⅡ设计对25个优良温带玉米自交系和4个热带自交系配制100个杂交组合,在云南省3种不同生态环境下对这些杂交组合进行农艺性状和产量配合力分析。结果表明,温带自交系郑58、K1218是综合性状配合力十分优良的自交系;铁7922、辽3180是综合性状配合力优良的自交系;自330、丹340、云147、81515、西502等是综合性状配合力比较优良的自交系。热带自交系单株产量GCA效应值YML146>YML145>CML171>CML166,温带系×Suwan1和温带系×Tuxpeno是主要的杂种优势模式。将4个热带自交系分别用TA(热带硬粒型)和TB(热带马齿型)来表示,有以下几种类型:①某温带自交系×TA为强优势组合,同一温带自交系×TB也是强优势组合;②某温带自交系×TA为强优势组合,同一温带自交系×TB是弱优势组合;③某温带自交系×TA为弱优势组合,同一温带自交系×TB也是弱优势组合。 相似文献
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利用玉米黄改群自交系京2416和京92及其213个改良后代为基础材料,以京464、京724、京MC01为测验种,采用NCII杂交设计方法,杂交组配得到645个组合,调查杂交组合收获时子粒含水量,分析213个改良后代收获时子粒含水量的配合力及遗传特性。结果表明,收获时子粒含水量一般配合力优于原始高值亲本的自交系有京2416J92-049等68个,特殊配合力优于原始高值亲本的杂交组合有京2416J92-192×京464、京2416J92-210×京724、京2416J92-009×京MC01等177个。结合一般配合力和特殊配合力筛选出京2416J92-192×京464、京2416J92-210×京724、京2416J92-200×京MC01等57个优良杂交组合。通过遗传参数分析表明,收获时子粒含水量的广义遗传率为73.70%,狭义遗传率为65.82%,可以进行早代选择。 相似文献
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土壤缺磷是农业生产中普遍存在的限制因素,植物在磷的吸收利用方面存在着基因型差异.我国玉米种质资源丰富,但我国玉米自交系的磷吸收利用效率性状的差异报道较少.本研究利用磷肥长期定位田,通过两年试验,鉴定了100份自交系对低磷胁迫的反应,以产量和苗期缺素症为指标,选出部分磷高效玉米自交系,其中早熟型的有45(小白磁)、90(97-42-1)、46(早27)、33(陕综3号)和24(原黄81),中熟的有15(原引1号)、14(许1)和87(齐205).同时,初步探讨了玉米自交系成熟期、株型和耐低磷的关系。 相似文献
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采用NCII遗传交配设计,以优良玉米自交系CA193和CA749为测验种,与25份美国玉米自交系配制杂交组合,以吉单27和先玉335为对照,根据主要农艺性状表现、配合力和杂种优势分析,评价25份美国玉米自交系的育种利用潜力。结果表明,2MCDB、LH198、PHR63、LH184、PHHH9、MBWZ、PHJR5、LH186、PHT47、LH217、PHMK0、PHEG9和LH218自交系产量一般配合力较高,其中,5份自交系2MCDB、LH184、LH186、PHJR5和PHT47具有降低收获时含水量特点,PHT47和PHJR5具有增加穗行数、缩短生育期的优点,利用潜力最大。针对CA193和CA749产量低、穗行数少的缺点,遴选出2个组合CA193×PHT47和CA749×2MCDB,可作为基础群体用于自交系选育。3个组合CA193×PHT47、CA193×2MCDB和CA193×PHJR5产量显著高于吉单27,可用于杂交种选育。 相似文献
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高油与普通玉米自交系子粒品质性状的配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以8个ALEXHO高油玉米自交系为父本,21个普通玉米自交系为母本,采用NCⅡ遗传设计组配168个F1组合为供试材料,对其子粒油分、蛋白质和淀粉含量进行配合力分析。结果表明：除高油玉米自交系淀粉含量的一般配合力(GCA)方差以及淀粉含量的特殊配合力(SCA)方差不显著外,其余性状的GCA和SCA方差均存在极显著差异。GY220、GY246A、GY798A、P138、许178、8622油分含量的GCA较高,GY1007、GY237A、8085泰、沈137、改3、鲁原92蛋白质含量的GCA较高。P138×GY798A、87-1×GY246A、许178×GY798A和87-1×GY220组合油分含量高,鲁原92×GY1007蛋白质含量较高。 相似文献
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以5个优良的欧洲玉米种质BRC自交系为母本、5个不同来源的优良自交系为父本,采用NCⅡ设计,组配25个杂交组合,在3种密度下对欧洲玉米种质BRC选系的杂种优势表现和配合力进行研究。结果表明,不同密度下,F_1代单株产量杂种优势普遍存在,变化趋势是随密度增加而降低。自交系BRC-1在60 000株/hm~2密度下有较高的GCA效应;自交系BRC-5在3个密度条件下均有较高的GCA效应,且随着密度的增加,GCA效应增加。同一组合在不同密度下SCA效应存在较大差异,SCA效应增减与密度增减的变化方向不一致。在3种密度下,总配合力较高的组合分别为BRC-5×D37、BRC-5×S121和BRC-5×HG162,在不同密度下单株产量的总配合力效应与杂种优势极显著正相关。综合分析认为,自交系BRC-5和BRC-1在实际育种中有较大的利用价值,用自交系BRC-5容易组配出高产耐密组合。欧洲种质×塘四平头和欧洲种质×旅大红骨+塘四平头的杂优模式在高产耐密杂交种选育中有很大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Two strategies for achieving higher yield under phosphorus deficiency in winter wheat grown in field conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Under field conditions, phosphorus (P) deficiency reduces wheat yield by affecting different yield components. However, the physiological strategies by which wheat genotypes with different yield structures respond to low-P stress are not clear. In the present study, we investigated tiller, floret, and root biomass, and P uptake and remobilization at two levels of P under field conditions in three winter wheat genotypes with different yield structures and P-efficiencies. Results showed that P-efficient cultivars CA9325 and ND139 got higher yield and total P accumulation than P-inefficient ND3291 at low-P, but not at normal P treatment. However, both the P-efficient wheat cultivars tend to have the same advantageous yield components at both high P and low-P stress. CA9325, a large-eared genotype, developed more fertile florets, and therefore had more grains at low-P stress. Increasing the number of grains formed a large sink for P demand during the grain-filling stage. Correspondingly, this genotype developed large roots for sustaining post-anthesis P uptake. ND139, a multi-eared genotype, developed many more tillers at low-P stress, and formed more ears at maturity. P from infertile tillers was probably reutilized by the surviving tillers to ensure floret development. Correspondingly, the contribution of pre-anthesis P uptake in ND139 and subsequent remobilization of P to the grains was higher. It was found that larger root rather than higher root activity was the determinant factor in efficient pre-anthesis P uptake in ND3291 and efficient post-anthesis P uptake in CA9325. It is concluded that increasing wheat yield at low soil P availability can be realized by either increasing ears per plant or increasing grains per ear through crop management or breeding. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):233-239
SummaryPhotosynthetic ability in terms of CO2 exchange rate and leaf area, dry matter accumulation (dry weight) and other important growth components along with yield and yield contributing characters in two F1 hybrids of Akebono × Chiyonishiki (A × C) and Zenith × Akebono (Z × A) were studied. The photosynthetic rate at the flowering stage was lower than that at the panicle initiation stage in all the inbred parent cultivars and F1 hybrids. Heterosis in photosynthetic rate was higher at the panicle initiation stage than that at the flowering stage. Pre-anthesis leaf area in the F1 hybrid was significantly larger than that in the parent cultivars. However, the post- anthesis decline in leaf area was more rapid in the F1 hybrids than in the parent cultivars and its magnitude was the highest in the F1 hybrid of Z × A which was tall having long and curved panicles. Pre-anthesis dry matter accumulation in both hybrids was significantly higher in the F1 plants than the parental cultivars, but post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in the F1 hybrid was lower than the mid-parental value in Z × A. The degree of heterosis in grain yield varied with the hybrid combination, an average heterosis being 1.03. Heterosis in grain yield was closely associated with heterosis in harvest index. 相似文献
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深入了解玉米自交系的氮效率现状是选育氮高效品种的基础。利用20个自交系在两个地块上、两个施氮水平下,研究了它们的氮效率(产量/施氮量)表现。同时,进行盆栽试验,探讨利用苗期生物量实现氮效率快速筛选的可能性。结果表明,氮效率、氮吸收效率及氮利用效率在玉米自交系间存在显著差异。地块间自交系的氮效率变异较大,CA170(2)、原引1号(5)、早27(17)对土壤氮素的降低反应敏感,减产幅度达到45%以上,是高氮高效品系;478(1)是中产耐低氮品系;武312(13)、北黄4(20)为双低效品系。盆栽苗期试验与田间试验结果一致性较差,说明不能达到氮效率快速筛选的目的。 相似文献
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热带玉米Suwan1群体导入不同类型温带种质的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用不完全双列杂交法,分别将热带玉米Suwan1群体与我国温带玉米5大类群骨干自交系杂交,形成新的综合种,再与4个测验种杂交,组配36个杂交组合。通过2年1点的田间杂交组合8个表型(产量相关性状)评价,进行方差分析和配合力效应分析。方差分析表明,各杂交组合之间8个性状差异均达显著或极显著水平。产量一般配合力效应值大小为CML171/Suwan1Dan340/Suwan1P159/Suwan118599/Suwan1Chang7-2/Suwan1Mu6/Suwan1zheng58/Suwan191-95/Suwan1Mo17/Suwan1。根据联合产量分析,在36个组合中18599×Dan340/Suwan1和Dan340×CML171/Suwan1的杂种优势表现较强。由此,表现较好的杂种优势组型为PB、Tangsipingtou×Lvdahonggu/Suwan1(Reid/Suwan1)、Reid×Tangsipingtou/Suwan1、Reid×Lancaster/Suwan1,将Suwan1导入我国5大类群所形成的新种质对玉米的产量和其他性状的改良可以取得显著成效。 相似文献
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为了探讨黄淮南部和黄淮北部麦区小麦品种间的杂种优势以及主要农艺性状的遗传特性,以黄淮南部麦区的8个小麦品种和黄淮北部麦区的7个小麦品种为亲本配制56个不完全双列杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的9个农艺性状进行杂种优势、配合力及遗传特性分析。结果表明：（1）株高、千粒重和结实小穗数的平均中亲优势较高,单株粒数和穗粒数的平均中亲优势为负向优势,各性状均出现了中亲优势较高的组合,说明黄淮麦区不同生态区小麦品种间具有较强的杂种优势。（2）临Y8012、周麦27和邯生923单株粒重的一般配合力效应最高,其他农艺性状的一般配合力也基本上表现优秀,用作亲本可进一步提高组合的产量。单株粒重特殊配合力较高的组合为百农207×临Y8012、秋乐2122×邯生923、周麦27×济麦39、浚2016×冀麦181、周麦17×冀麦181。组合百农207×临Y8012、周麦27×邯生923和周麦27×济麦39两个亲本的一般配合力效应及特殊配合力效应均比较高,为本研究中的最优组合。（3）株高和千粒重的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高,说明这两个性状加性效应较大且受环境影响较小,直接对这两个性状进行选择可取得良好的效果;单株粒重的广义遗传力较高,但其狭义遗传力较低,非加性方差成分占优势,因而对单株粒重直接选择效果不太显著,需要通过其他相关性状来辅助选择。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):334-337
AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is the staple cereal of the hottest, driest areas of the tropics and subtropics. Drought stress is a regular occurrence in these regions, making stress tolerance an essential attribute of new pearl millet cultivars. Recent breeding research has mapped several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for components of grain and stover yield per se, as well as yield maintenance, under terminal drought stress conditions. We report here the evaluation of these QTLs as possible selection criteria for improving stress tolerance of an elite hybrid cultivar. Initial evaluations, based on hybrids made with topcross pollinators bred from lines selected directly from the mapping population, indicated an advantage to the QTL-based topcross hybrids. This advantage seemed to be related to a particular plant phenotype that was similar to that of the drought tolerant parent of the mapping population. Subsequent evaluations were based on testcross hybrids of drought tolerance QTL introgression lines in the background of the drought-sensitive parent of the mapping population, H 77/833-2. These introgression lines were bred by limited marker-assisted backcrossing of a putative major drought tolerance QTL into H 77/833-2 from the mapping population’s drought tolerant parent. Several of these QTL introgression lines had a significant positive general combining ability for grain yield under terminal stress and significantly out-yielded testcross hybrids made with the original recurrent parent both in unrelieved terminal drought stress and in gradient stress evaluations. 相似文献
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Higher harvest index, widely reported as a main trait supporting major improvements in rice yield potential, also supports the higher performance of hybrids over inbreds. Although higher sink size is generally claimed for being the driver of higher grain filling in hybrid rice, it is relevant to question whether efficient sink regulation, that is timing and magnitude of the successive sink activities over crop growth from early stage, plays a role in supporting higher harvest index and is a key feature ensuring higher performance of hybrid rice. The partitioning coefficient (PC), as the increase in dry matter of one single organ over that of shoot, was calculated over short and successive periods to quantify the dynamics of dry matter partitioning. Four hybrid and four inbred genotypes of similar crop duration were grown under the same cropping management on the IRRI farm during a wet and a dry seasons. While PC to blade and sheath was similar for both plant types in both seasons at the early stage, PC to culm of hybrids was higher than that of inbreds, and PC to blade was lower, in the late vegetative and early reproductive phases. During the late reproductive phase, PC to panicle of hybrids was higher than that of inbreds, and PC to culm was lower whereas culm elongation was similar for both plant types. During grain filling, PC to culm was significantly more negative with hybrids which indicated stronger remobilization with hybrids. Specific culm length before anthesis, as low as 40 cm g−1, accounted for storage ability, and at maturity, as high as 130 cm g−1, for remobilization ability. Sink strength index, as a better indicator of dry matter partitioning efficiency than harvest index, and unfilled grain size, as an indicator of assimilate wastage, were suggested as key indices to account for the better sink regulation in hybrid rice and to improve screening protocols for increasing yield potential and tolerance to lodging. 相似文献