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1.
1. The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (SC) on haematological parameters, immune function, and the antioxidant defence system in breeder hens fed a diet contaminated with low level aflatoxin (AF).

2. Forty-eight Ross 308 breeder hens were fed on diets containing AF (0 or 100?µg/kg) and SC (0 or 1?g/kg) in a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement. Red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts, differential leucocyte counts, blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD5+ T cell ratios, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of heterophils, plasma and liver catalase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and ascorbic acid concentrations were measured.

3. Plasma and liver MDA concentrations increased (P?P?P?=?0·082) in hens fed the contaminated diet. WBC count, monocyte percentage, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of heterophils increased (P?P?=?0.088) in SC extract supplemented hens. There was a significant interaction between AF and SC on heterophil, lymphocyte, CD5+ cell percentages, and plasma catalase activity. Blood heterophil percentage decreased but lymphocyte percentage increased in hens fed on the AF contaminated diet without SC supplementation. SC supplementation counteracted the negative effect of AF on heterophils and lymphocytes. The CD5+ cell percentage decreased in unsupplemented hens fed the AF contaminated diet and this negative effect was minimised in SC supplemented hens. Plasma catalase activity increased in SC supplemented hens fed the uncontaminated diet whereas the effect of SC decreased in hens fed the AF contaminated diet.

4. The SC reduced some of the some adverse effects of AF, and improved functions of the non-specific immune system. Therefore, the SC extract which has been used for improving productive performance in birds and mammals may also be useful for modulating some of the effects of a low level, chronic dosage of AF.  相似文献   


2.
A retrospective analysis was done to assess the toxicity and efficacy associated with an alternating chemotherapy protocol of ifosfamide (375 mg m?2) and doxorubicin (30 mg m?2) for adjuvant treatment of 39 dogs with sarcomas. Twelve dogs had various soft‐tissue sarcomas and 27 dogs had hemangiosarcoma (HSA). Complete blood counts were evaluated 7 days after the first dose of ifosfamide and doxorubicin. One dog had grade 4 neutropenia (<500 µL?1) after treatment with ifosfamide and one dog had grade 3 neutropenia (500–1000 µL?1) after treatment with doxorubicin. One dog treated with doxorubicin was hospitalized for 24 h due to vomiting. The median survival time (ST) for the 27 dogs with HSA treated by surgery and with doxorubicin/ifosfamide was 149 days (mean 366 days). Although the protocol of alternating ifosfamide and doxorubicin was well tolerated, it failed to result in a statistically significant improvement in the ST when compared to a historical population of dogs with stage 2 splenic HSA treated by surgery alone.  相似文献   

3.
Stained cytological specimens from 24 dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas [fibrosarcoma (n = 8), liposarcoma (n = 8) and haemangiopericytoma (n = 8)], and 24 dogs with reactive connective tissue lesions [granulation tissue (n = 12) and dermal fibrosis (n = 12)] were analysed by computer‐assisted nuclear morphometry. The studied morphometric parameters were: mean nuclear area (MNA; µm2), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP; µm), mean nuclear diameter (MND mean; µm), minimum nuclear diameter (Dmin; µm) and maximum nuclear diameter (Dmax; µm). The study aimed to evaluate (1) possibility for quantitative differentiation of soft tissue sarcomas from reactive connective tissue lesions and (2) by using cytomorphometry, to differentiate the various histopathological soft tissue sarcomas subtypes in dogs. The mean values of all nuclear cytomorphometric parameters (except for Dmax) were statistically significantly higher in reactive connective tissue processes than in soft tissue sarcomas. At the same time, however, there were no considerable differences among the different sarcoma subtypes. The results demonstrated that the quantitative differentiation of reactive connective tissue processes from soft tissue sarcomas in dogs is possible, but the same was not true for the different canine soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. Further investigations on this topic are necessary for thorough explication of the role of quantitative morphology in the diagnostics of mesenchymal neoplasms and tumour‐like fibrous lesions in dogs  相似文献   

4.
Background: A CBC is an integral part of the assessment of health and disease in companion animals. While in the past newer technologies for CBC analysis were limited to large clinical pathology laboratories, several smaller and affordable automated hematology analyzers have been developed for in‐clinic use. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare CBC results generated by 7 in‐clinic laser‐ and impedance‐based hematology instruments and 2 commercial laboratory analyzers. Methods: Over a 3‐month period, fresh EDTA‐anticoagulated blood samples from healthy and diseased dogs (n=260) and cats (n=110) were analyzed on the LaserCyte, ForCyte, MS45, Heska CBC, Scil Vet ABC, VetScan HMT, QBC Vet Autoread, CELL‐DYN 3500, and ADVIA 120 analyzers. Results were compared by regression correlation (linear, Deming, Passing‐Bablok) and Bland–Altman bias plots using the ADVIA as the criterion standard for all analytes except HCT, which was compared with manual PCV. Precision, linearity, and carryover also were evaluated. Results: For most analytes, the in‐clinic analyzers and the CELL‐DYN performed similarly and correlated well with the ADVIA. The biases ranged from ?0.6 to 2.4 × 109/L for WBC count, 0 to 0.9 × 1012/L for RBC count, ?1.5 to 0.7 g/dL for hemoglobin concentration, ?4.3 to 8.3 fL for MCV, and ?69.3 to 77.2 × 109/L for platelet count. Compared with PCV, the HCT on most analyzers had a bias from 0.1% to 7.2%. Canine reticulocyte counts on the LaserCyte and ForCyte correlated but had a negative bias compared with those on the ADVIA. Precision, linearity, and carryover results were excellent for most analyzers. Conclusions: Total WBC and RBC counts were acceptable on all in‐clinic hematology instruments studied, with limitations for some RBC parameters and platelet counts. Together with evaluation of a blood film, these in‐clinic instruments can provide useful information on canine and feline patients in veterinary practices.  相似文献   

5.
Lymphoma was diagnosed in a 4-year-old spayed female Collie, and treatment with a combination chemotherapy protocol incorporating prednisone, L-asparaginase, vincristine, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide was initiated. The dog had signs of gastrointestinal tract toxicosis and myelosuppression after treatment with P-glycoprotein-substrate drugs (vincristine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin) even when dosages were reduced, but did not have signs of toxicosis after treatment with cyclophosphamide, a non-P-glycoprotein-substrate drug, even when administered at the full dosage. It was postulated that a deletion mutation in the canine MDR1 gene (deltaMDR1 295-298) could be responsible for the drug toxicoses in this dog. This mutation has been identified as the cause of a functional P-glycoprotein defect in Collies susceptible to the toxic effects of ivermectin, another P-glycoprotein-substrate drug. The MDR1 genotype of this dog consisted of 1 normal and 1 mutant MDR1 allele. Because P-glycoprotein contributes to renal, biliary, and intestinal excretion of P-glycoprotein-substrate drugs, it is possible that drug excretion was delayed in this patient, resulting in clinical signs of toxicosis.  相似文献   

6.

Purpose  

To evaluate a 3% solution of household detergent viz., Surf Excel (Surf field mastitis test, SFMT) vis-à-vis California mastitis test (CMT), Whiteside test (WST), somatic cell counts (SCC; cut off limit = 5 × 105 cells per millilitre) and bacteriological cultures for the detection of subclinical mastitis in quarter foremilk samples (n = 800) of dairy cows and buffaloes.  相似文献   

7.

  1. Genetic parameters were determined for the worm burden of the most common gastro-intestinal nematodes in two chicken genotypes after being exposed to free-range farming conditions for a laying period.

  2. Seventeen-week-old hens of 2 brown genotypes, Lohmann Brown (LB) plus (n = 230) and LB classic (n = 230), were reared for a laying period and subjected to post-mortem parasitological examinations at 79 weeks (LB plus) or 88 weeks (LB classic) of age.

  3. There was no significant difference in faecal egg counts between the genotypes. Almost all hens (>99%) were infected with at least one nematode species. Species-specific nematode prevalence ranged from 85.8% to 99.1% between the two genotypes. Heterakis gallinarum was the most prevalent nematode (98.5%), followed by Ascaridia galli (96.2%) and Capillaria spp. (86.1%). Capillaria spp. were composed of C. obsignata (79%), C. caudinflata (16%) and C. bursata (5%).

  4. All phenotypic and genetic correlations among worm counts of different parasite species were positive in combined genotypes (rP ranged from 0.05 to 0.30 and rG ranged from 0.29 to 0.88). A strong genetic correlation (rG = 0.88 ± 0.34) between counts of A. galli and H. gallinarum was quantified. Heritability for total worm burden for LB plus and LB classic, respectively, were 0.55 ± 0.18 and 0.55 ± 0.34. Across both genotypes, the heritability of total worm burden was 0.56 ± 0.16.

  5. In conclusion, there is a high variation attributable to genetic background of chickens in their responses to naturally acquired nematode infections. The high positive genetic correlation between counts of closely related worm species (e.g. A. galli and H. gallinarum) may indicate existence of similar genetically determined mechanism(s) in chickens for controlling these nematodes.

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8.
Background: The presence of drug residues in blood samples can represent an occupational hazard. However, studies on cytotoxic drug residues in serum of dogs are lacking in veterinary oncology. Objective: To evaluate possible occupational hazards associated with handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic drugs 7 days after treatment. Animals: Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs treated for lymphoma or mast cell tumors with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, or doxorubicin. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Serum samples were either taken 7 days after administration of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (lymphoma), and vinblastine (mast cell tumor), or 1–2 days after the last concurrent oral administration of cyclophosphamide (mast cell tumor). Additionally, serum was collected within 5 minutes of treatment. Measurement of drug residues in serum was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: In 33 samples collected within 5 minute of treatment, the median serum concentrations were vincristine: 37 μg/L (range: 11–87 μg/L), vinblastine: 13 μg/L (range: 13–35 μg/L), cyclophosphamide: 2,484 μg/L (range: 1,209–2,778 μg/L), doxorubicin: 404 μg/L (range: 234–528 μg/L). In 81 serum samples collected 7 days after treatment vinblastine (7 μg/L) was detected in 1 sample, and cyclophosphamide (7 and 9 μg/L) in 2 samples collected 1–2 days after oral administration of cyclophosphamide. Medications were not detected in any of the other samples. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Handling of blood samples from dogs receiving oncolytic chemotherapy 7 days after treatment with vincristine, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin should not present a health hazard.  相似文献   

9.
Background: Classification of leukemias requires specialized diagnostic techniques. Automated preliminary indicators of neoplastic cells in blood would expedite selection of appropriate tests. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the capacity of the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer to identify neoplastic cells in canine blood samples. Methods: Blood samples (n=160) were grouped into 5 categories: acute leukemia (n=30), chronic leukemia (n=15), neoplasia without blood involvement (n=41), non‐neoplastic reactive conditions (n=31), and healthy dogs (n=43). WBC counts, WBC flags, scattergrams, percentages of cells with high fluorescence intensity, and percentages of cells in the lysis‐resistant region were evaluated alone or in combination to establish a “leukemic flag.” Sensitivity, specificity, negative (LR?) and positive (LR+) likelihood ratios, and the number of false‐negative (FN) and false‐positive (FP) results were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic curves were designed for numerical values. Results: Among single measurements and parameters, only the evaluation of scattergrams minimized FN and FP results (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.8%, LR+ 19.17, and LR? 0.00), although their interpretation was subjective. The more objective approach based on the generation of a “leukemic flag” had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 87.0%, LR? of 0.00, and LR+ of 7.67. Conclusion: Using a novel gating strategy the Sysmex XT‐2000iV may be used effectively to screen canine blood for hematopoietic neoplasia.  相似文献   

10.
A lipid nanoemulsion (LDE) resembling low‐density lipoprotein can target malignant tumours. In in vivo and clinical studies, association of chemotherapeutic agents to LDE decreased their toxicity and increased pharmacological action. Here, safety of LDE as carmustine carrier (50 mg m?2, intravenous) combined with vincristine and prednisone for the treatment of dogs with lymphoma was tested and compared with commercial carmustine with vincristine and prednisone. In five dogs from LDE‐carmustine and six from commercial carmustine, complete remission was achieved (P > 0.05). Partial remission occurred in two dogs from each group. In both groups, the median progression‐free intervals (119 and 199 days) and overall survival times (207 and 247 days) were equal. Neutropenia was observed in both groups, but no other major toxicities occurred. Therefore, no difference was observed between the treatments. LDE‐carmustine was shown to be safe and effective in a drug combination protocol, which encourages larger studies to investigate the use of this novel formulation to treat canine lymphomas.  相似文献   

11.
Background: The laser‐based Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer is increasingly used in veterinary clinical pathology laboratories, and instrument‐specific reference intervals for dogs are not available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish canine hematologic reference intervals according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines using the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer. Methods: Blood samples from 132 healthy purebred dogs from France, selected to represent the most prevalent canine breeds in France, were analyzed. Blood smears were scored for platelet (PLT) aggregates. Reference intervals were established using the nonparametric method. PLT and RBC counts obtained by impedance and optical methods were compared. Effects of sex and age on reference intervals were determined. Results: The correlation between impedance (I) and optical (O) measurements of RBC and PLT counts was excellent (Pearson r=.99 and .98, respectively); however, there were significant differences between the 2 methods (Student's paired t‐test, P<.0001). Differences between sexes were not significant except for HCT, PLT‐I, and PLT‐O. WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts decreased significantly with age (ANOVA, P<.05). Median eosinophil counts were higher in Brittany Spaniels (1.87 × 109/L), Rottweilers (1.41 × 109/L), and German Shepherd dogs (1.38 × 109/L) than in the overall population (0.9 × 109/L). PLT aggregates were responsible for lower PLT counts by the impedance, but not the optical, method. Conclusion: Reference intervals for hematologic analytes and indices were determined under controlled preanalytical and analytical conditions for a well‐characterized population of dogs according to international recommendations.  相似文献   

12.
Background: Yellow‐headed temple turtles (YHT), Hieremys annandalii, native to Thailand, are protected from exploitation under the Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act, also listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature red list. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe quantitative, morphologic, and cytochemical features of blood cells and plasma biochemical analytes of clinically healthy YHT. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 adult YHT from October 2007 to February 2008. Hematologic and biochemical analyses, cytochemical staining, and ultrastructural evaluation were performed using standard methods. Results: Hematologic results (mean ± SD) included: RBC count, 0.275 ± .094 × 106 cells/μL; WBC count, 11.7 ± 6.6 × 103 cells/μL; heterophils, 29.4 ± 6.9%; eosinophils, 23.7 ± 5.3%; basophils, 21.2 ± 1.9%; lymphocytes, 14.8 ± 5.9%; and azurophils, 10.7 ± 5.3%. Erythrocytes stained dark red with peroxidase‐staining. Periodic acid‐Schiff stain could not differentiate between thrombocytes and lymphocytes. Thrombocytes contained cytoplasmic vacuoles, similar to mammalian platelets and those of birds and snakes. Heterophils and eosinophils were similar in structure and cytochemical staining characteristics to those of other turtles and reptiles. Structure of basophils was similar to avian basophils. Lymphocytes and azurophils had similar cytochemical staining compared with mammalian lymphocytes and monocytes. Mean MCHC, WBC counts, absolute azurophil counts, and plasma alanine aminotransferase activity were higher in male turtles than in females. Conclusion: Blood characteristics of YHT are species‐specific, and this study can be served as a reference for future clinical studies and medical care of YHT.  相似文献   

13.
Objective To identify the incidence of adverse effects caused by morphine 100–170 µg kg?1 administration during surgery in horses. Design Retrospective case record analysis (1996–2000). Animals Eighty‐four healthy (ASA 1 or 2) horses, mean age 5.5 ± 3.1 (SD) years (2 months to 16 years), mean weight 524 ± 14 kg (100–950). Methods Physiological data and evidence of complications were collected from the anaesthetic records of all animals anaesthetized with romifidine, ketamine, diazepam and halothane and undergoing laryngeal surgery or orchiectomy at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. Cases were divided into those receiving (group M+; n = 18) and those not receiving morphine (M?; n = 29), and the data compared. Values for heart and respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure were compared at 15‐minute intervals between 30 and 120 minutes after induction using anova for repeated measures. The incidence of intraoperative problems was compared using Fisher's exact test. Recovery scores were compared using Student's unpaired t‐test. The records of a further 37 horses undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy (n = 5), arthroscopy (n = 29) or tarsal arthrodesis (n = 3) were also studied but not analysed statistically due to disparate treatment distribution. Results There were no significant differences between the M+ and M? groups. The incidence of post‐operative complications such as box‐walking and colic were similar in each group. Conclusions Morphine doses of 100–170 µg kg?1 do not increase the risk of problems when used to provide perioperative analgesia in horses anaesthetized with romifidine, ketamine, diazepam and halothane. Clinical relevance Morphine provides an acceptable and relatively inexpensive way to provide perioperative analgesia in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Though important, CO2 effluxes from non-agricultural ecosystems are poorly characterised. Given that thicket vegetation is prevalent in Eastern Cape, South Africa, we monitored soil CO2 effluxes from an intact thicket, degraded thicket (DT) and grassland (G) over 10 months, as affected by temperature, moisture and penetration resistance (PR). High soil moisture (16%) reduced PR (4?kg cm?2), which raised winter effluxes (1.2 µmol m?2 s?1), while low moisture (2%) resulted in hard dry soil (14?kg cm?2) that suppressed spring effluxes (0.2 µmol m?2 s?1). There was good interaction between PR and moisture (r = ?0.53), with seasonal effluxes increasing with increasing moisture (r = 0.9, p = 0.0001) and decreasing PR (r = ?0.66, p = 0.02). Temperature effects were significant under unlimited moisture supply. Thus high summer temperature (40 °C) gave lower effluxes in DT and G (<1 µmol m?2 s?1) due to limited moisture (<10%), whereas high autumn temperature (48 °C) and good moisture (16%) accelerated CO2 emissions (averaging 2 µmol m?2 s?1) from all covers. Although semi-arid ecosystems are limited by low moisture and sandy soils, they contribute to CO2 emissions under high moisture and increasing temperature. Keywords: Eastern Cape, grassland, soil carbon dioxide effluxes, soil organic carbon, thicket  相似文献   

15.
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16.
In this case report, a Swedish flat‐coated retriever was diagnosed with an extensive Hepatozoon canis infection. The dog had a prominent monocytosis (14.0 × 109/L) with H canis gamonts detected in most monocytes, but none were found in the neutrophils. On the hematology system ADVIA 2120 peroxidase (PEROX) cytogram, most leukocytes were seen as a distinct cell population above the lymphocytes, which indicated that most of the cells were larger than lymphocytes and had weak myeloperoxidase staining. This distinct cell cluster appeared to be of a single cell type but was incorrectly divided by the ADVIA 2120 into lymphocytes, monocytes, and large unstained cells (LUC). The total leukocyte counts on the ADVIA 2120 WBC basophil (BASO) channel were much higher than that on the WBC PEROX count. The WBC BASO cytogram appeared abnormal with two parallel cell populations, so the BASO WBC count was considered erroneous. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing verified H canis infection. The dog was treated with subcutaneous imidocarb dipropionate (6 mg/kg) injections every other week. Post‐treatment hematology analyses indicated that the percentage of parasitized leukocytes decreased from 40% to 5% about 4 weeks after the start of treatment and were not found in any monocytes 6 weeks after the beginning of the treatment. In conclusion, H canis infection in this dog was associated with a strong monocytosis, and gamonts were present in many monocytes, which caused aberrant automated leukocyte counts to occur.  相似文献   

17.
Safety and efficacy of a protocol of alternating 1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea (CCNU; 70 mg m?2) and vinblastine (3.5 mg m?2), and prednisone (1–2 mg kg?1; CVP) in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were evaluated. A total of 17 dogs had nonresectable MCTs and 35 received CVP as adjunctive treatment to locoregional control of metastatic MCTs or grade III MCTs. Neutropenia with fever occurred in 8% of dogs after treatment with vinblastine and in 2% after treatment with CCNU. Persistent elevation of serum alanine transaminase, suggestive of hepatotoxicity, occurred in 9% of the dogs. Response rate in dogs with nonresectable MCTs was 65%; five achieved a complete response (median, 141 days) and six achieved a partial response (median, 66 days). Overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) time in dogs treated in the adjuvant setting was 489 days. Dogs with grade III MCTs had shorter PFS compared with dogs with metastatic grade II MCTs (190 days versus 954 days; P < 0.001). Phase III studies are needed to provide reliable information about the comparative efficacy of this protocol.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity of zebularine, an oral cytidine analog with demethylating activity, in dogs. Plasma zebularine concentrations were determined by HPLC‐MS/MS following an oral zebularine dose of 8 or 4 mg kg?1. Plasma zebularine clearance was constant. Mean maximum concentration (Cmax) was 23 ± 4.8 and 8.6 ± 1.4 µM following 8 and 4 mg kg?1, respectively. Mean half‐life was 5.7 ± 0.84 and 7.1 ± 2.1 following 8 and 4 mg kg?1, respectively. A single 8 mg kg?1 dose was well tolerated. Daily 4 mg kg?1 treatment in three laboratory dogs resulted in grade 4 neutropenia (n = 3), grade 1 anorexia (n = 2) and grade 1 or 2 dermatologic changes (n = 2). All adverse events resolved with supportive care. A 4 mg kg?1 dose every 21 days was well tolerated. A follow‐up dose escalation study is in progress with a lower starting dose.  相似文献   

19.
A 12‐year‐old spayed female Shiba Inu dog was referred to our hospital for a suspected mast cell tumor (MCT) of the bone marrow (BM). Laboratory abnormalities included severe nonregenerative anemia (packed cell volume or PCV: 12.5%; reference interval (RI): 37.3‐61.7%; reticulocytes: 35.1 × 103/µL; RI: 10‐110 × 103/µL), and a few mast cells were visualized in the blood smear examination. The BM was hypercellular with hematopoietic cells, a decreased myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio (0.77; RI, 0.9‐1.8), and no dysplastic hematopoietic cells. Mast cells accounted for 11.5% of the total nucleated BM cells. Neoplastic mast cells and histiocytes phagocytizing erythroid progenitor cells were occasionally noted. The dog was diagnosed with precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anemia (PIMA) concurrent and a stage IV MCT infiltrating the BM. Multimodal treatment included toceranib, imatinib, vinblastine, lomustine (CCNU), prednisolone, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and a blood transfusion. The dog died due to MCT progression lasting 139 days after the initial BM examination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a dog presenting with PIMA and a stage IV MCT infiltrating the BM.  相似文献   

20.
There is little information regarding the presentation, biologic behaviour, treatment and prognosis in cats with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and further investigation is needed to characterize this disease in cats. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, response to treatment and prognosis of feline CLL. A multi‐institutional retrospective study of 18 cats diagnosed with CLL between 2000 and 2010 was performed. CLL was defined as the presence of a mature lymphocytosis (> 9000 lymphocytes µL?1) and confirmation of an immunophenotypically monomorphic or clonal lymphoid population. Each patient was required to also have at least one of the two following criteria: (1) concurrent cytopenia of at least one cell line and/or (2) >15% mature lymphocytes in the bone marrow. Data on signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic features and response to treatment were reviewed. Median age of the cats at initial presentation was 12.5 years (range: 5–20 years). The most common presenting complaint was chronic weight loss, which was present in 8/18 (44%) cats. Sixteen of 18 (89%) cats were treated with chlorambucil and prednisolone; four of these cats also received vincristine. Two (11%) cats were treated with multi‐agent injectable chemotherapy (L‐CHOP, l ‐asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone). Eighty‐eight percent of cats evaluable for response achieved a complete (nine cats) or partial (six cats) remission. Median overall remission was 15.7 months (range: 1.3–22.8 months). The median overall survival in the 17 cats with follow‐up data was 14.4 months (range: 0.9–25.3 months). Results of this study suggest that CLL affects older‐aged cats and responds favourably to treatment with oral chlorambucil and prednisolone.  相似文献   

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