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1.
采用随机区组试验设计,以燕麦（Avena sativa）、箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa）、饲用豌豆（Pisum arvense）为材料,于2019年在拉萨墨竹工卡具开展单播、禾-豆混播种植方式下牧草产量和品质的比较。通过分析种植后土壤养分的变化,在确保牧草生产性能的同时,探讨禾-豆混播的土壤改良作用。结果表明：（1）燕麦+箭筈豌豆、燕麦+饲用豌豆混播比例为70%∶30%和50%∶50%时,干草产量最高,较单播燕麦分别提高11.8%和28.0%,较单播箭筈豌豆、饲用豌豆分别提高24.5%和17.4%。（2）单播箭筈豌豆、饲用豌豆的粗蛋白（CP）含量最高,分别达19.29%和15.74%,混播处理中CP含量随着燕麦播种量的增加呈现降低的趋势,最高降幅分别达54.48%和57.12%;而中、酸性纤维则呈相反趋势。（3）单播燕麦土壤养分降低,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾分别降低1.10 g·kg-1、0.03 g·kg-1、22.93 mg·kg-1、3.27 mg·kg-1和4.38 mg·kg-1。而增加豆科植物的播种量可有效提高土壤肥力,增加速效养分供给,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和有效磷最高可提升4.5%、9.1%、3.6%和6.1%。综上,进行一年生禾-豆混播具有实现牧草增产和农田保育的双重效应。  相似文献   

2.
新型种衣剂防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在田间条件下研究了甘农种衣剂Ⅰ号、甘农种衣剂Ⅱ号、甘农种衣剂Ⅲ号、阿维菌素种衣剂AV1、阿维菌素种衣剂AV2和5.7%甲维盐等6个种衣剂对小麦孢囊线虫病的防治效果。播种前对麦种进行8个不同种衣剂包衣处理,比较小麦收获后土壤中孢囊数量的变化以及小麦增产情况。结果表明,不同种衣剂处理对土壤中孢囊线虫的繁殖均有一定抑制作用,其中甘农种衣剂Ⅲ号(1∶35)、甘农种衣剂Ⅰ号(1∶50)和甘农种衣剂Ⅱ号(1∶35)孢囊减退率分别为56%、53%和47%。不同种衣剂处理的小麦产量增加,甘农种衣剂Ⅲ号(1∶35)、甘农种衣剂Ⅰ号（1∶50）、甘农种衣剂Ⅱ号（1∶35）和甘农种衣剂Ⅰ号（1∶35）增产率分别为37.6%、19.4%、17.9%和17.7%。本项目中自主研发的甘农种衣剂Ⅲ号防治效果最显著,不仅对小麦孢囊线虫病具有较好的防效,而且具有安全、低毒、省工、经济的特点,可在农业生产实践中进行推广应用。  相似文献   

3.
为研究15个小黑麦品系（Z1,Z3,Z5,Z6,Z9,Z12,Z19,Z21,Z23,Z36,Z41,Z48,Z49,Z50,Z55）苗期的抗旱性,本试验以甘农1号小黑麦（CK1）和新小黑麦5号（CK2）作为对照,设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫（30% PEG-6000）2个处理,于处理后28 d取样,测定叶片在正常灌水和干旱胁迫下叶绿素（CHL）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性糖（SS）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及相对含水量（RWC）,同时根据各指标与抗旱系数间的相关性,结合隶属函数,对参试小黑麦材料的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明,小黑麦材料间各生理指标存在显著差异,Z9的平均RWC（77.26%）最高,Z49的平均CHL含量（0.55 mg·g-1）最高,Z1的平均Pro含量（0.36 mg·g-1）最高,CK2的平均SS含量（113.33 mg·g-1）最高,Z50的平均MDA含量（4.05 μmol·g-1）最高;干旱胁迫使小黑麦材料的平均RWC（正常灌水下为82.73%,干旱胁迫下为56.11%）显著降低,而干旱胁迫下的平均CHL（正常灌水下为0.33 mg·g-1,干旱胁迫下为0.40 mg·g-1）、Pro（正常灌水下为0.13 mg·g-1,干旱胁迫下为0.47 mg·g-1）、SS（正常灌水下为28.23 mg·g-1,干旱胁迫下为116.19 mg·g-1）及MDA（正常灌水下为2.50 μmol·g-1,干旱胁迫下为4.39 μmol·g-1）含量则显著升高;从小黑麦材料和干旱处理交互作用来看,干旱胁迫使所有参试小黑麦材料的RWC降低,其中Z12降幅最小,CK1降幅最大;CHL含量有升有降;Pro、SS及MDA含量均上升,增幅最小的分别为Z12、Z19和Z9,增幅最大的分别为CK1、Z3和Z50。根据抗旱性综合评价值（D值）,可将供试小黑麦材料分为5种类型：Z1、Z5和CK1属于高抗旱型,Z3、Z6、Z36、Z41、Z48、Z49和Z50属于中抗旱型,Z21属于中间型,Z19、Z23、Z55和CK2属于干旱较敏感型,Z9和Z12属于干旱敏感型,因此说明甘农1号小黑麦和小黑麦品系Z1、Z5的抗旱性较强,适合在干旱半干旱雨养农业区种植。  相似文献   

4.
不同豆禾牧草混播对土壤质地及肥力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以豆科牧草(红豆草)和禾本科牧草(黑麦草、无芒雀麦、扁穗冰草)为材料,研究了2 a生不同豆禾牧草的混播种植方式对当地土壤物理结构及土壤有效养分分布与积累规律的影响。结果表明:在不同混播比例中,大多数豆禾组合以红豆草与无芒雀麦豆禾比为4∶6和3∶7作用效果较好,其中4∶6的混播方式最好,与豆科单播相比较,其土壤容重减少了7.25%,土壤孔隙度和团聚体的含量增加了8.14%和13.56%,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了23.1%、20.1%、77.2%和13.5%;与禾草单播相比较,其土壤容重减少了9.86%,土壤孔隙度和团聚体的含量增加了10.81%和13.45%,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别增加了15.5%、16.1%、66.5%和19.1%。双因素方差分析结果表明,混播种类及混播种类与混播比例的交互效应是影响土壤养分差异的主导因素。因此,不同豆禾牧草混播的种植方式有利于改善土壤物理结构,改善土壤养分供应,对提高土壤肥力具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
以12个马铃薯品种为研究对象,连续2 a（2022—2023年）设置不施氮(0 kg·hm-2)和施氮(180 kg·hm-2) 2个施氮水平,分析不同品种马铃薯产量和水氮效率特征,并采用隶属函数法对各马铃薯品种进行综合评价。结果表明：品种、氮水平和品种×氮水平都对晚熟马铃薯产量均具有极显著影响,而氮水平×品种对中熟品种无显著影响。连续2 a供氮条件下中熟品种产量变幅为8 289.39~22 011.61 kg·hm-2,晚熟品种产量变幅为8 192.57~20 308.58 kg·hm-2。基于2 a施氮和不施氮条件下各品种块茎产量,将不同马铃薯品种按照不同氮效率划分为4种类型,即双高型（‘京张薯1号’、‘陇薯20号’、‘青薯9号’、‘陇薯15号’、‘陇薯16号’）、低氮高效型（‘V7’、‘陇薯14号’）、高氮高效型（‘陇薯10号’）和双低型（‘冀张薯12号’、‘希森6号’、‘定薯3号’、‘陇薯22号’）。相关性分析结果表明：氮素吸收效率、氮肥表观利用率与产量呈极显著正相关关系（R2=0.4438**,R2=0.4211**）,马铃薯产量与块茎含氮量间呈极显著正相关关系（R2=0.5302**,R2=0.4357**）,说明在施氮和不施氮条件下,马铃薯块茎含氮量越高则其产量越高。隶属函数分析结果表明：中熟品种‘京张薯1号’（Di=0.90）、晚熟品种‘青薯9号’（Di=0.90）和‘陇薯10号’（Di=0.87）具有较高的综合水氮效率和产量表现,可作为水氮高效品种在陇中旱作区进行推广。  相似文献   

6.
吉林省主要栽培杨树品种烂皮病的发生及其管理技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
于2002-2006年,对吉林省现行推广的杨树品种烂皮病的发生原因、发病规律及抗性差异进行调查,在此基础上进行防治试验。结果表明,在各品种的适生区域内,晚花杨(Populus×eurameicana‘Serotina’)、格尔里杨(Populus×curameicana‘Gelrica’)、西+加杨(Populus suaveolens+P.canadensis)、黄快杨(Populus simonii×P.pyramidalis ‘Huangkuai’)、白林2号杨(Populus‘Bailin-2’)及中延1号杨(Populus ‘Zhongyan’)高度抗病;中绥12号杨(Populus deltoides × P.cathayana ‘Zhongsui-12’)、大青杨优良无性系(Populus ussuriensis ‘ Jilin’)较抗病;大青杨(Populus ussuriensis)、银中杨(Populus alba × P.berolinensis)中度感病;迎春5号杨(Populus nigra × P.simonii‘Zhonglin Sanbei-1’)、北京杨(Populus pyramidalis × P.cathayana)、小×黑杨(Populus pseudo-simonii×Populus nigra)、吉林杨（山地1号）(Populus deltoids ‘Jilinsis’)、长林1号杨(Populus×beijingensis‘Changlin-1’)欧美杨107(Populus×euramericana ‘Neva’)、欧美杨108(Populus×euramericana‘Guariento’)易感病。对发病率在50%以上的造林地,应采用苗木平茬处理措施;当杨树幼林地苗木发病率在50%以下时,以21%过氧乙酸水剂（1∶10）、10%混合氨基酸铜络合物（1∶10）和50%多菌灵（1∶25）涂干防治可取得较好效果。其中以21%过氧乙酸水剂（1∶10）防治效果最好,为82%~95%。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨马铃薯块茎淀粉合成对土壤水分胁迫的响应机制，以马铃薯品种‘青薯9号’和‘闽薯1号’为材料，采用盆栽试验，设置3个水分胁迫处理：正常供水（保持土壤田间持水量的75%）、中度水分胁迫（保持土壤田间持水量的50%）、重度水分胁迫（保持土壤田间持水量的25%），研究了土壤水分胁迫对马铃薯块茎淀粉合成关键酶基因表达及酶活性的影响。结果表明：在块茎形成过程中，土壤水分胁迫显著提高了马铃薯块茎AGPase、GBSSI、SBEI、SBEII、SSII、SSIII基因表达量，随土壤水分胁迫程度的提高，马铃薯块茎SBEI、SBEII、SSII基因表达量上调；土壤水分胁迫显著降低了马铃薯块茎AGPase、GBSS、SBE、SSS酶活性，其中GBSS、SBE酶活性下调；而AGPase、GBSSI、SSIII基因表达量及AGPase、SSS酶活性在马铃薯青薯9号、闽薯1号品种间表现出相反的上、下调趋势。  相似文献   

8.
施磷对紫花苜蓿光合作用及抗蓟马的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了明确施磷对苜蓿抗蓟马的影响及其相关的光合机制,本试验以西北广泛种植的感蓟马苜蓿品种‘甘农3号’和抗蓟马苜蓿品种‘甘农9号’为材料,在大田蓟马为害高峰期,调查评价了不同施磷水平下苜蓿的受害指数、生长指标和蓟马虫口数量,测定了不同施磷水平下苜蓿的光合气体交换参数、可溶性糖含量。结果表明:施磷后,‘甘农3号’和‘甘农9号’苜蓿的受害指数均显著降低,株高和产量显著增加,蓟马虫口数量无显著变化;净光合速率(Pn)和水分利用率(WUE)显著升高,蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)显著降低;苜蓿心叶可溶性糖含量显著升高,但可溶性糖含量与蓟马虫口密度间无相关性,而与受害指数之间存在极显著的负相关关系。施磷有效地增强了苜蓿的光合作用,进而增强了苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性。在大田条件下,通过增施磷肥来控制苜蓿蓟马的危害是一种经济有效的绿色防控措施。  相似文献   

9.
试验选用生育期相近的4个水稻品种（津原45、津原11、津原17和花育409）,通过等比例混播,研究水稻的遗传多样性对主要病虫害和天敌的发生以及产量的影响,在此基础上分析了各个参数之间的相关性。结果表明,水稻品种混播显著降低了褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stal的种群密度,提高了捕食性蜘蛛的种群密度。混播比单播均值增产2.5%,比津原45单播增产17.3%。相关性分析表明,不同品种的产量因子与害虫及天敌的发生量之间相关性不同,津原45和津原11单播处理中各参数间相关性显著,而在混播处理中不显著。本试验支持了农业生物多样性对病虫害调控作用的理论,为水稻的安全生产提供了技术依据。  相似文献   

10.
田间试验研究了填闲种植和施氮对旱作冬小麦农田土壤水分和作物产量的影响。试验设双因素处理随机区组设计,填闲作物采用黑麦草单播(R)、长武怀豆单播(S)、黑麦草与怀豆混播(SR)以及裸地休闲(NC),氮肥水平设0、60、120 kg·hm-2三个水平。结果表明,与裸地休闲相比,长武怀豆单播和与黑麦草混播夏闲期降水贮存效率分别降低了9.2%和7.7%,小麦播前土壤含水量减少了19 mm和15 mm,进而导致后续小麦产量的显著下降;而黑麦草单播对土壤水分和后续小麦产量没有显著影响;种植小麦前施加氮肥可以提高粮食作物产量、收获指数和千粒重,同时可增加次年填闲作物生物量,但会加速土壤水分消耗、降低降水储存效率。从土壤水分和作物生产角度考虑,旱作冬小麦种植系统休闲期间可以考虑种植黑麦草以增加覆盖,提高肥力,但不建议填闲种植耗水量较高的怀豆等作物。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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