共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 906 毫秒
1.
为了探究可降解沙障铺设5 a后土壤粒度及有机质含量特征,采集库布齐沙漠东南缘铺设5 a后不同规格(0.5 m×0.5 m,1 m×1 m和2 m×2 m)、不同坡位(坡底、坡中、坡顶)的PLA沙障内近地表层(0—3 cm)土壤样品,通过激光粒度仪测试并分析了土壤粒度、有机质含量的变化情况及二者的相关性。结果表明:(1)PLA沙障内主要以细砂和粗砂为主,随着铺设规格的增加细砂含量逐渐增加,2 m×2 m(80.66%)>1 m×1 m(75.8%)>0.5 m×0.5 m(45.15%),每种规格坡顶处细砂含量最高分别为23.39%,31.73%,41.17%,坡中粗砂含量最高分别为44.91%,36.42%,42.88%。(2)障格内分选性均变差,峰态偏离正态分布,沉积物颗粒频率分布曲线部分波段变窄,表层颗粒逐渐细粒化。(3)土壤有机质含量表现出1 m×1 m>0.5 m×0.5 m>CK>2 m×2 m的规律; 3种规格有机质含量均表现为坡底>坡中>坡顶; 且极细砂与有机质含量呈现显著正相关,与中砂呈现显著负相关。上述结果说明,对于本研究区内,铺设5 a后1m×1m规格PLA沙障防护效益更优,且1 m×1 m规格和坡底处有利于有机质的积累,极细砂和中砂是有机质积累的关键粒级。 相似文献
2.
沙袋沙障对流动沙丘地表风沙及植被恢复的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了解沙袋沙障对风沙及植被生长的影响,通过野外观测和样方调查法对铺设沙袋沙障沙丘风速、植物种数、植株密度、高度和盖度进行了调查,测定了对0—30cm输沙量。对1m×1m,2m×2m,3m×3m方格沙袋沙障防风效能、地表粗糙度、输沙特征值及植被生长情况进行了研究。结果表明,沙袋沙障能够有效地提高防风效能和增加地表粗糙度,且随着规格的增大防风效能与地表粗糙度均减小;1m×1m,2m×2m和3m×3m规格沙袋沙障地表粗糙度为5.79,2.38和2.12cm,分别比对照高91.31%,78.88%和76.26%;沙袋沙障能够有效降低输沙量,使0—30cm各层输沙率均显著小于对照,3种规格沙袋沙障对输沙率的影响顺序为:1m×1m2m×2m3m×3m;沙袋沙障铺设1a后,植物种类比对照多出一种,平均高度、密度和盖度分别比对照高91.5%,71.1%和125.4%,并且随着沙袋沙障规格的增大,植被平均高度、密度和盖度均呈现逐渐增大的趋势。 相似文献
3.
4.
[目的]分析不同铺设规格生物基可降解聚乳酸(PLA)沙障障格内风蚀稳定凹曲面形态特征、断面轮廓及蚀积效应等指标,为聚乳酸沙袋沙障规格优选提供理论依据。[方法]以内蒙古自治区吉兰泰盐湖周边流动沙垄铺设的0.5 m×0.5 m,1 m×1 m,1.5 m×1.5 m和2 m×2 m规格的聚乳酸沙袋沙障为研究对象,待风季后测量障格内稳定凹曲面蚀积形态,绘制凹曲面形态图并计算蚀积参数等。[结果] 4种规格沙障障格内均能形成稳定的凹曲面,且呈四周高中间低的整体格局。0.5 m×0.5 m,1 m×1 m,1.5 m×1.5 m和2 m×2 m障格内的净堆积强度分别为17.29,7.09,0.61,-8.2 g/cm~2。[结论]障格内稳定的凹曲面形成前,0.5 m×0.5 m和1 m×1 m障格内以堆积为主;1.5 m×1.5 m障格内风蚀堆积近乎平衡;2 m×2 m障格内部在布设初期呈风蚀状态,但稳定凹曲面形成后,仍可控制地表风蚀。 相似文献
5.
沙柳沙障防风效益模拟试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究设定了2组试验,用沙柳柳条人工插成方格沙障,一组方格沙障高度1 m,规格分别为4 m×4 m,5 m×5m,6 m×6 m;另外一组方格沙障高度1.5 m,规格分别为6 m×6 m,7.5 m×7.5m,9 m×9 m。测定了每种规格沙障的地表粗糙度,防风效益。试验结果表明:在宽高比相同的情况下,1 m高的沙柳沙障的粗糙度大于1.5 m高的沙障,防风效益也好于1.5 m高的沙障;而在沙障高度一定的情况下,随着沙障面积的增大,沙障的防风效益在逐渐减弱。 相似文献
6.
PLA沙障对沙丘土壤粒径的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
PLA可降解纤维是一种新型的固沙材料,用它灌沙形成的筒状沙袋铺设于沙丘上,可有效改变近地表风沙流结构及地表粗糙度等。PLA沙袋沙障通过对地表风速影响,进而影响沙丘表层土壤粒径的重新分布。本次试验通过对不同铺设规格沙障沙丘0—11 cm深土壤粒径的测定,分析不同铺设规格和坡位等对土壤粒径的影响。结果表明:2 m×2 m铺设规格沙障对土壤粒径影响较大,土壤平均粒径比未铺设沙障沙丘的大16%,1 m×1 m规格影响最小;同种规格沙障在坡顶处土壤粒径变化最大,比未铺设沙障沙丘的大21%,迎风坡、背风坡分别比对照大3.9%,2.4%;土壤深度不同,粒径变化也不同,地表0—1 cm土壤粒径变化最大,比未铺设沙障沙丘的大16%。因此可知,沙障铺设后,使得沙丘表层的土壤粒径增大。 相似文献
7.
[目的] 明确机械沙障铺设对风沙区地表可蚀性特征的影响,为防沙工程中沙障的合理应用提供理论依据。[方法] 采取库布齐沙漠北缘迎风坡不同年限铺设的生物基可降解聚乳酸（PLA）沙袋沙障、沙柳沙障和芦苇沙障不同坡位的土壤样品,分析了地表0—20 cm深度土壤有机质含量、土壤粒径组成和土壤可蚀性K值。[结果] ①沙障铺设后利于土壤有机质含量增加,其中2 m×2 m沙柳沙障对土壤有机质的积累效果最好,且迎风坡上部土壤有机质含量相对较少。②沙障铺设使得障格内黏粒、粉粒和细砂含量增加,随设障年限的增加其呈增加趋势;土壤0—20 cm范围内均以细砂为主。③铺设机械沙障可降低土壤可蚀性,各立地条件下沙丘下部障格内土壤抗蚀性最好;3种机械沙障中沙柳沙障抗蚀性较高;随设障年限增加障格内土壤抗蚀性增强,设障4 a后,2 m×2 m铺设规格障格内的土壤受侵蚀风险较小;土壤可蚀性K值与土壤有机质含量呈极显著（p<0.01）负相关。[结论] 沙障铺设使土壤有机质含量增加,利于细粒物质的积累,增强土壤抗蚀性,是治理流动沙丘有效的风蚀防治措施。建议在库布齐沙漠北缘铺设机械沙障时,可采用迎风坡上部铺设1 m×1 m的生物基可降解聚乳酸（PLA）沙袋沙障,中部铺设2 m×2 m的沙柳沙障,下部铺设2 m×2 m的生物基可降解聚乳酸（PLA）沙袋沙障的模式。 相似文献
8.
为了探究PLA沙障对乌珠穆沁沙地沙化治理的效果,以方格状铺设不同规格(方格边长0.5 m×0.5 m, 1 m×1 m, 2 m×2 m和3 m×3 m)PLA沙障,以不同规格沙障影响的风蚀特征为研究对象,裸沙地设置对照(CK),采用美国HOBO便携式风速采集仪观测距地表10,20,50,100,200 cm高度的风速,同时使用自动旋转集沙仪收集近地表0—30 cm高度输沙量,分析了防风效能、固沙效益和风沙流挟沙粒径的变化特征。结果表明：(1) PLA沙障规格小于3 m×3 m时,风速廓线呈“S”型变化趋势;PLA沙障平均的地表粗糙度为0.64 cm, CK的平均粗糙度为0.51 cm,粗糙度提高了25.48%。(2)铺设PLA沙障后输沙量降低了38.72%～75.69%;PLA沙障输沙率随高度呈现良好的指数关系(R2>0.77);1 m×1 m和2 m×2 m沙障的固沙效益高于其他2种规格沙障,3 m×3 m规格的固沙效益最低,基本接近CK。(3)乌珠穆沁沙地风蚀物颗粒大小介于2～500μm,且大部分颗粒为100～250μm的细沙;铺设PLA沙障后,障格内... 相似文献
9.
为了选择适宜规格的纱网沙障进行流动沙地治理,在乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘设置2 m×2 m,4 m×4 m,6 m×6 m网格或2 m,4 m,6 m带宽的带状纱网沙障,采用美国HOBO全自动风速风向仪测定其风速变化,并分析了地表粗糙度、相对风速和防风效能。结果表明:2 m×2 m网格纱网沙障地表粗糙度随着风速增加而呈现出线性降低的规律;纱网沙障主要是降低近地表30 cm以下高度的风速,并提高近地表粗糙度;随着风速增加,纱网沙障防风效能变化总体呈现出降低的趋势。在流动沙丘设置2 m×2 m,4 m×4 m网格或2 m,4 m带状纱网沙障可有效降低近地表风速、增加地表粗糙度,总体防风效能较好。 相似文献
10.
带状沙柳沙障的防风固沙效益研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
研究测定了不同高度、不同规格的9种带状沙柳沙障对风速、地表粗糙度和近地表输沙率的影响。结果表明:带状沙柳沙障的防护效益与沙障的高度和规格有直接关系。行数越多、带距越小,防护效果越好,但是成本也越大。发挥最大成本效益的带状沙柳沙障规格为三行一带,带高1.5 m,行距1.5 m,带距10.5 m;其次为两行一带,带高1.5 m,行距1.5 m,带距7.5 m;再次为三行一带,带高1 m,行距1 m,带距7 m。一行一带的沙障,不管高度如何,成本效益都不理想。 相似文献
11.
Protecting soil structure against compaction—proposed solutions to safeguard agricultural soils To safeguard the ecological soil functions and the functions linked to human activities, measures against harmful changes to the soil are required, in line with the precautionary principle. The German Federal Soil Protection Act sets obligations for precaution in agricultural land use and, if harmful changes to the soil are foreseeable, measures for averting a danger. The results of a research project of the Federal Environmental Agency show that it is possible to describe an impairment of the soil structure, using methods of soil analysis. But this as a sole information would not qualify for the identification of harmful changes to the soil in the context of the Soil Protection Act, which requires an assessment of the severity of disruption of soil functions and the respective subject of protection. This would make additional soil investigations on site mandatory. Approaches in agricultural engineering and soil physics have introduced procedures to preserve the soil structure, in accordance with the precautionary principle. But these procedures have different goals and different ranges of application and hence offer partial solutions to safeguard against soil compaction. The assessment model of “trafficability by measuring the rut depth” provides information about the compaction status of the soil under applied conditions for farming gear, without providing detailed information about affected soil layers. The soil‐physical model of classifying soils into “risk classes for harmful soil compaction” focuses on the relationship between topsoil compaction and crop yields. The soil‐physical models “precompression stress” and “loading ratio” provide information for the assessment of subsoil compaction and a prognosis of a possible impairment of the soil structure at the water content of field capacity. It is necessary to validate the individual models with additional regional data about soil structure before a final assessment of the prognoses is made. 相似文献
12.
Soil Erodibility and Physicochemical Properties of Collapsing Gully Alluvial Fans in Southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland. 相似文献
13.
The concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management. 相似文献
14.
15.
土壤孔隙结构与土壤微环境和有机碳周转关系的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
土壤结构是土壤功能的基础,不仅影响土壤养分的供应、水分的保持及渗透、气体的交换等过程,还为土壤微生物提供了物理生境,并调控土壤有机碳的周转这一关键过程。土壤的孔隙特征能够直接、真实地反映土壤结构的好坏;用土壤的孔隙特征作为试验指标能更好地反映土壤结构对这些过程的调节作用。在此基础上,将高度异质性的土壤孔隙结构同土壤微环境的变化和土壤有机碳的周转过程进行定量分析,对深入了解土壤结构在土壤生态系统中的功能至关重要。因此,着重从土壤孔隙结构对土壤微环境的影响及其与有机碳的关系两方面展开,剖析土壤孔隙结构调控作用下的土壤微环境响应过程,阐述土壤孔隙结构对土壤有机碳周转产生的直接、间接影响,强调土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转进程中的重要作用,并对土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转、植物残体分解及其与微生物协调作用机制等方面研究提出展望。 相似文献
16.
17.
金沙江干热峡谷中退化的土壤生态系统生物学特征初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant. 相似文献
18.
基于30年长期定位试验,通过测定黑土光谱反射率和不同腐殖质组分含量,探究了不同施肥对黑土土壤腐殖质含量、土壤颜色及二者之间的关系。试验设置5个处理:(1)休耕(Fallow);(2)不施肥处理(CK);(3)单施化肥(NPK);(4)有机肥部分替代化肥(NPKM);(5)秸秆部分替代化肥处理(NPKS)。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,Fallow、NPKS、NPKM分别显著提高49.7%,74.3%,27.0%的土壤有机碳含量(p<0.05)。NPKM处理中胡敏酸(HA)含量最高为3.9 g/kg,随后依次为CK、NPKS、NPK、Fallow。NPKM、NPKS和Fallow处理中土壤富里酸(FA)含量为2.2~2.3 g/kg,显著高于NPK和CK。NPKM处理中胡敏素(HM)含量为18.6 g/kg,显著高于其他处理(p<0.05)。不同处理间土壤光谱反射率由高到低依次为NPK>Fallow、CK>NPKS>NPKM,与CK处理相比,NPK土壤光谱反射率在平均提高6.5%,NPKS和NPKM则分别降低11.1%和15.1%。根据线性相关分析结果,黑土土壤光谱反射率与土壤HAHM均呈显著负相关关系(p<0.01),相关系数(r)分别为-0.858,-0.681。综合上述结果,长期有机物料投入可以显著提高黑土腐殖物质含量,降低黑土光谱反射率,使黑土颜色加深,而长期化肥施入则使黑土光谱反射率提高,出现"褪色"现象,有机粪肥在黑土中对土壤有机质和腐殖质含量的提升效果优于秸秆。 相似文献
19.
Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered. 相似文献
20.
设施栽培下原状土与扰动土水分特性的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以四川省双流县设施栽培土壤为研究对象,对其原状土与扰动土的土壤水分特征曲线、水分物理性质和比水容量等项目进行了研究。结果表明,扰动土水分特征曲线总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土含水量高于原状土,在高吸力阶段两者差异较小。扰动土毛管孔隙度、总孔度和凋萎含水量在剖面上的总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。扰动土不同土层田间持水量和有效水含量差异较小,原状土的田间持水量和有效水含量均随土层加深而减少。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土比水容量远高于原状土,但随土壤水吸力增加,扰动土比水容量变化趋势逐渐与原状土一致。 相似文献