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大白菜细菌性病害有软腐病(Erwiniacarotovora)、黑腐病(Xanthomonascompetris)、细菌性的角斑病(Pesudomonassyringae)和叶斑病(P.cichorii)四种。前两种是老病害,分布较广,为害较重;后两种是八十年代末在内蒙古、北京、天津、河南等地部分大白菜上新发生的细菌性病害,1988年曾在内蒙古部分地区严重发生,为害损失达20—30%。细菌性病害已成为大白菜生产中 相似文献
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芒果是世界重要果树之一,采前采后病害是限制芒果生产的一大因素。畸形病、细菌性溃疡病、白粉病、炭疽病、蒂腐病和黑腐病等是芒果的主要病害。本文就这些病害的各种防治方法及防治效果作了全面评述 相似文献
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广东省新推广大豆品种病害的初步调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用普查和定点调查以及传统的植物病害鉴定方法,在2006年6月至2010年10月对广东省新推广高产优质大豆品种的病害种类、发生危害及分布进行了调查.发现病害共有12种,其中真菌病害9种,分别是锈病、霜霉病、红冠腐病、丝核菌叶枯病、炭疽病、白绢病、白粉病、镰刀菌根腐病和煤烟病;细菌性病害、线虫病害和病毒病害各1种,分别为细菌性叶斑病、根结线虫病和花叶病.主要病害为锈病、霜霉病、红冠腐病、花叶病、丝核菌叶枯病和炭疽病等.不同季节大豆的主要病害发生情况不同.春大豆以霜霉病发生较为严重;而夏大豆则以红冠腐病、锈病、花叶病毒病和丝菌核叶枯病发生较严重. 相似文献
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桑细菌性黑枯病又名桑缩叶细菌病、桑疫病、烂头病,分布较广,是桑树重要病害之一.近年来,在苏北地区发生面积较大,为害程度严重,同时易发生蔓延.严重田块,病株率高达 90%以上,对蚕桑生产造成很大损失. 相似文献
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桃树穿孔病是大棚温室油桃生产上的主要病害之一 ,在夏县桃树穿孔病分为细菌性穿孔病、真菌性霉斑穿孔病和真菌性褐斑穿孔病等 3种 ,而以细菌性穿孔病危害最甚。在多雨年份 ,排水不良 ,湿度大或红蜘蛛多时发生严重 ,常引起早期落叶、新梢枯死 ,削弱树势 ,降低果品的产量和质量。近年来在油桃产区 ,年年都有发生 ,2 0 0 2年发生面积达 333hm2 ,发病率达 30 %～ 4 0 % ,严重制约了桃树的经济效益。1 细菌性穿孔病1.1 发病症状桃细菌性穿孔病 ,主要危害叶片 ,其次是新梢和果实。1.1.1 叶片症状 叶片发病初期为水渍状浅褐色小斑点 ,其周围有… 相似文献
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水稻细菌性褐条病[Pseudormms Panid（Elliott）stapp]是合浦县的一种较常见的水稻病害,凡连日暴雨,受洪水淹没的田块都易发病。一般稻株受淹后3～8d开始出现症状。该病害往年在合浦县发生面积较小,为害不大,但2008年局部地区晚稻细菌性褐条病发生严重,损失之大为历年罕见。为今后更好地指导水稻细菌性褐条病的防治工作,笔者经过认真细致调查,现将2008年合浦县局部地区晚稻细菌性褐条病严重发生的原因及防控措施总结如下。 相似文献
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Cazorla FM Torés JA Olalla L Pérez-García A Farré JM de Vicente A 《Phytopathology》1998,88(7):614-620
ABSTRACT A necrotic bacterial disease of mango trees (Mangifera indica) in Spain affecting buds, leaves, and stems is described for the first time. Necrosis of flower and vegetative buds on commercial trees during winter dormancy was the most destructive symptom of the disease. The apical necrosis is caused by Pseudomonas syringae, which was always isolated from mango trees with disease symptoms. Of 95 bacterial strains isolated from symptomatic tissues and characterized from 1992 to 1997, over 90% were identified as P. syringae pv. syringae. Additional strains were isolated from healthy mango trees, and they were identical to the isolates from diseased tissues. Pathogenicity tests on mango plants showed that P. syringae pv. syringae incited the apical necrosis, but that climatic conditions determined the onset of disease development. Populations of total bacteria and of P. syringae and the number of active ice nuclei were monitored over a 3-year period. The largest populations of P. syringae were associated with cool, wet periods that coincided with the highest disease severity, whereas P. syringae was only occasionally detected on healthy trees. The median effective dose was estimated from infectivity titration assays. 相似文献
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Suppression of wheat-seedling diseases caused by Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium nivale using bacterial seed treatment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Snow mould, caused by Microdochium nivale , and seedling blight caused by members of the Fusarium complex, are cereal diseases of great economic importance in many temperate zones. In a glasshouse bioassay designed to enhance disease, about 600 plant-associated bacterial isolates obtained by different methods were screened for suppressive effects in wheat against infection caused by Fusarium culmorum . Although most of the isolates tested had a neutral effect on test plants and disease development, a few were synergistic to the pathogen and about one-fifth showed > 80% disease suppression. During five consecutive growing seasons, 164 bacterial isolates were tested in field experiments against both F. culmorum and M. nivale as causal agents of seedling blight. Tests for effects on yield in experiments with spring and winter wheat, performed in different climatic regions of Sweden, showed that disease-suppressive effects were repeatable. The most efficient isolates, three fluorescent pseudomonads and a species of Pantoea , suppressed disease equal to that of the fungicide guazatine, both with respect to crop stand and yield. Seed treatment with Pantoea sp. (isolate MF 626) increased yield by an average of more than 500 kg ha−1 in six field experiments. 相似文献
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Francisco M. Cazorla Eva Arrebola Francisco Olea Luis Velasco José M. Hermoso Alejandro Pérez-García Juan A. Torés José M. Farré Antonio de Vicente 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(4):279-288
Bacterial apical necrosis is a critical disease in the main production area of mango in Europe. It is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and produces necrotic lesions on mango buds and leaves, causing severe yield losses due to a decrease of flowering and fruit set. A field study to evaluate control treatments against bacterial apical necrosis was carried out during three seasons on mango trees cv. Tommy Atkins in Huelva (Spain). Experimental treatments included Bordeaux mixture, fosetyl-Al, acibenzolar-s-methyl, gibberelic acid, silicon gel, a mixture between acibenzolar-S-methyl and Bordeaux mixture, and combined applications of fosetyl-Al with Bordeaux mixture or silicon gel. The treatments which caused a consistent reduction in bacterial apical necrosis symptoms at similar levels to the conventional treatment with Bordeaux mixture, were the plant resistance activator acibenzolar-S-methyl and the phosphonate derivative fosetyl-Al applied singly or in combination with other compounds, which could be alternative treatments. These treatments showed a significant decrease in the necrotic buds and/or leaves numbers; however, minor differences in P. syringae-like population levels were observed. The analysis of the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of cupric compounds against P. syringae strains isolated from mango tissues suggests that the commercial copper-based treatments with Bordeaux mixture used in the management of mango crops do not work in a bactericidal mode of action. 相似文献
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苦荞Fagopyrum tataricum是四川省凉山彝族自治州主要的粮食作物之一, 作为近年来新兴的保健食品, 其种子携带的细菌种群鲜有报道?本研究从凉山州7个县的苦荞主产区共采集了46份苦荞种子样品, 通过分离培养法及基于16S rRNA基因的扩增子测序法, 对苦荞种子携带的主要细菌类群进行了研究?结果显示:分离培养法从46份样品中共获得618株细菌分离物, 隶属于10个属, 其中泛菌属Pantoea和短小杆菌属Curtobacterium分离频率最高, 分别为52.5%和20.7%, 是种子携带的优势菌群?扩增子测序法从13份样品中共获得279个属的细菌, 其中泛菌属为优势菌群?通过样本层级聚类分析, 发现来自冕宁县的苦荞种子样品MNCQ-4携带的细菌丰富度与多样性最大, 而来自昭觉县的样品ZJ-5最小?研究结果表明, 同一个地区的不同样品, 菌群多样性也存在差异?本研究丰富了荞麦种带细菌的研究, 为种子处理?病害防治提供了依据? 相似文献
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Jianjun Wang Taixiang Chen Longhai Xue Xuekai Wei James F. White Zemin Qin Chunjie Li 《Plant pathology》2022,71(2):470-478
A new leaf blight disease of oat (Avena sativa) was observed in many oat fields in Huan county, Gansu Province of China, during 2018–2019. Typical symptoms appeared as yellow necrotic and water-soaked lesions. The lesions developed from tip to base of leaves and eventually resulted in leaf withering. Disease incidence on plants (leaves) was approximately 36%–100%. A gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the necrotic lesions of all samples. Coupled with multigene sequence (16S rRNA and gyrB gene) analyses, Biolog Gen III MicroStation, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization identified the pathogen as Pantoea agglomerans. Pathogenicity tests by wounding and injection inoculations in the greenhouse established that P. agglomerans could induce typical symptoms as observed in the field. The infection rate in leaves was 44%–71% after 14 days. In addition, host range tests showed that P. agglomerans could infect other plant hosts, including Sorghum sudanense, Medicago sativa, Fagopyrum esculentum, Setaria italica, and Zea mays. This is the first report of P. agglomerans causing bacterial leaf blight disease (LBD) on oat in China. The current study can provide a foundation for the prevention of this disease in the future. 相似文献
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Red bayberry (Myrica rubra) possesses great economic importance in eastern and southern China; however, it is affected by many diseases. A survey of leaf diseases on M. rubra cv. Biqi was conducted at Cixi, Zhejiang Province, China. Typical symptoms observed were red to red-brown necrotic lesions on the leaf tips or margins. Four Pestalotiopsis isolates from leaf lesions and three Pestalotiopsis isolates from healthy barks were collected. These isolates were identified as P. sydowiana, P. microspora, and P. disseminata on the basis of morphological characteristics. The identification was verified by internal transcribed spacer analysis of rRNA. Isolates of P. sydowiana and P. disseminata induced leaf necrosis as observed in the field while isolates of P. microspora were not pathogenic to red bayberry cv. Biqi. These pathogens were reisolated consis-tently from inoculated plants, confirming Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of traditional and molecular methods of identification and characterization being used for Pestalotiopsis spp. on red bayberry in China. 相似文献
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Cazorla FM Arrebola E Sesma A Pérez-García A Codina JC Murillo J de Vicente A 《Phytopathology》2002,92(8):909-916
ABSTRACT Bacterial apical necrosis of mango, elicited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, limits fruit production in southern Spain and Portugal. Examination of a collection of P. syringae pv. syringae isolates for copper resistance showed that 59% were resistant to cupric sulfate. The survey of a mango orchard revealed an increase in frequencies of copper-resistant bacteria after repeated treatments with Bordeaux mixture. These data suggest that selection of copper-resistant strains could be a major reason for control failures following management with copper bactericides. Most copper-resistant isolates harbored plasmids, although the majority of them contained a 62-kb plasmid that also was present in copper-sensitive strains. The 62-kb plasmids were differentiated by restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization to copABCD DNA. The most frequently found copper-resistant plasmid type (62.1) was transferable by conjugation. Southern blot hybridizations showed that genetic determinants partially homologous to copABCD were present in all the copper-resistant strains examined, and usually were associated with plasmids; these determinants were not detected in copper-sensitive strains. The selective pressure exerted by copper bactericide sprays on the diversity of copper resistance determinants in bacterial populations of mango is discussed. 相似文献
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2018年2月,广东省清远市冬枣种植区发生了一种叶枯病,发病率约为17%,严重影响植株生长。为明确引起广东省清远市冬枣叶枯病的病原,采用常规病组织分离法获得2株菌株,通过致病性、生理生化特征和分子生物学对2株菌株进行鉴定。致病性测定结果显示,该细菌可侵染引起冬枣叶片产生枯死症状,与田间病株的症状相同。生理生化测定结果显示,该病原菌为革兰氏阴性菌,在LB平板产生黄色菌落;除利用蜜二糖产酸结果不同,2株菌株与成团泛菌Pantoea agglomerans ATCC27155菌株的其他生理生化特征相同。系统进化分析结果表明,QYZ1和QYZ2 2株菌株的16S rDNA序列分别与P. agglomerans TH81 (CP031649)菌株、P. agglomerans C410P1 (CP016889)菌株、P. vagans FDAARGOS_160 (CP014129)菌株和P. vagans C9-1 (CP002206) 菌株的相似性在99%以上;多位点序列分析结果表明,QYZ1和QYZ2与P. agglomerans TH81菌株关系最近,聚在一个分支。生理生化特征及分子生物学鉴定结果表明,引起广东省冬枣叶枯病的病原为成团泛菌。本研究是成团泛菌引起广东省冬枣叶枯病在国内的首次报道。 相似文献
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芝麻细菌性青枯病病原菌及其生化变种鉴定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
芝麻细菌性青枯病是我国南方芝麻生产上的重要病害。调查研究表明,芝麻青枯病除前人报道的萎蔫、顶梢常有溃疡裂缝等典型症状外,还有植株畸形、茎秆表皮泡状突起、溃疡裂缝延伸至茎秆中下部、折断茎秆可见菌脓形成的透明细丝等症状。分离获得的病原菌菌株经菌体形态、菌落形态、培养性状、致病性、烟草过敏性反应及16S rRNA基因和16S～23S rRNA基因间区ITS序列测定,证实了芝麻青枯病是由青枯菌Ralstonia solanacearum引起。江西省15个县(市)的22个代表性菌株的生化变种鉴定显示,20株菌属于生化变种Ⅲ,占90.91%,2株属于生化变种Ⅳ,占9.09%。说明生化变种Ⅲ菌群是诱发芝麻青枯病流行的优势种群。 相似文献