共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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在实验室条件下,在特定空间内,测定异色瓢虫显明变种对两种蚜虫荻草谷网蚜和禾谷缢管蚜不同密度值下的捕食量。结果表明,荻草谷网蚜和禾谷缢管蚜种群数量同步增加时,EG-S值和EI值变化是从1到∞,EI值是在0到+1范围内依次增加,表明异色瓢虫显明变种喜好捕食荻草谷网蚜明显高于禾谷缢管蚜;荻草谷网蚜数量不变,禾谷缢管蚜数量增加时,EG-S值和EI值是从+1到0,EI值从-1到0范围内依次减少,表明异色瓢虫显明变种明显喜好捕食禾谷缢管蚜;禾谷缢管蚜数量不变,荻草谷网蚜数量增加时,EG-S值和EI值变化从+1到∞,EI值在0到+1范围内依次增加,表明异色瓢虫显明变种明显喜好捕食荻草谷网蚜。捕食量结果同选择指数。 相似文献
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利用吡虫啉种子包衣技术防治麦蚜是我国小麦主产区一项重要的防控措施,目前对麦蚜的防控效果评价主要集中在自然混合种群上,对室内种群尤其是麦无网长管蚜的研究报道较少。为了明确吡虫啉种衣剂对单一蚜虫种类的影响,本文利用吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂处理的小麦苗接种4种蚜虫,分别于3、6和9 d后检查死亡率。并采用生命表方法评价种衣剂处理对麦无网长管生长发育、繁殖和种群生命参数的影响。结果表明:种衣剂处理小麦苗接种的4种蚜虫,3 d后死亡率大小依次为禾谷缢管蚜麦长管蚜麦二叉蚜麦无网长管蚜,6 d后禾谷缢管蚜和麦长管蚜全部死亡;9 d后麦二叉蚜全部死亡,但麦无网长管蚜死亡率仅为10.3%。生命表结果表明:麦无网长管蚜大部分个体在种衣剂处理麦苗上可以完成整个世代周期,但其生长发育延缓,存活率、寿命和繁殖力显著下降,内禀增长率(r_m)、周限增长率(λ)、净生殖率(R_0)显著降低,平均世代周期(T)显著延长。研究结果进一步证实吡虫啉包衣处理对麦长管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、麦二叉蚜具有很好的防治效果,但对麦无网长管蚜防效较差。 相似文献
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晋南麦区麦蚜及其主要天敌种群时空生态位研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国植保导刊》2019,(12)
为寻求利用生物多样性持续控制麦蚜新策略,笔者调查了晋南麦区麦蚜及其天敌在田间的消长动态。根据生态位理论,对麦蚜和主要天敌田间种群生态位宽度与重叠度进行了分析。结果表明,麦长管蚜、麦二叉蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、无网长管蚜时间生态位宽度分别为0.234 7、0.546 6、0.253 9、0.157 6,空间生态位宽度分别为0.880 7、0.876 4、0.972 8、0.887 8,时-空生态位宽度分别为0.206 7、0.479 0、0.247 0、0.139 9。天敌种群生态位宽度与麦蚜相似,即时间生态位宽度相对较窄,空间生态位较大,时-空生态位差异较大。说明天敌对麦蚜跟随控制作用较强,可利用其创新麦蚜可持续生态控制技术。 相似文献
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麦蚜是我县沿江圩田三麦上重要害虫,尤以晚小麦受害更重。对其发生危害及防治进行了初步研究,结果报道如下。 一、麦蚜种类和发生特点 沿江圩田三麦上蚜虫有二种:禾谷缢管蚜(又名黍蚜)Rhopalosiphum padi[Linnaeus]及麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae[Fabricius]。 定点田系统观察结果:前期以麦长管蚜较多,后期禾谷缢管蚜所占比例逐渐上升,最高可占到99％以上(见表1)。 大田调查,禾谷缢管蚜比例占59.2—96.4％。禾谷缢管蚜所以能占绝对优势,主要因为这种蚜虫生长势强,繁殖速度快,5月下旬单个蚜虫繁殖平均达45只,而麦长管蚜虫只有4.2只。 相似文献
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氟啶虫胺腈对麦蚜的防治效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
测定了河南许昌、山东汶上、江苏邗江3地两种麦蚜对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和氟啶虫胺腈的抗性水平,并在3地开展了田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,禾谷缢管蚜种群对吡虫啉处于敏感至低水平抗性状态(抗性倍数0.30~7.00倍),对氟啶虫胺腈处于敏感状态;麦长管蚜种群对吡虫啉、氟啶虫胺腈都处于敏感状态。田间试验结果表明,在河南许昌、山东汶上、江苏邗江3地试验田50%氟啶虫胺腈WG对麦蚜田间防治效果药后3d为81.6%~88.0%,药后7d为79.2%~89.7%,明显优于对照药剂10%吡虫啉WP、5%啶虫脒WP的防治效果。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明氟啶虫胺腈作为新型杀虫剂品种,可作为轮换或替代药剂用于麦蚜的抗性治理。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨麦田间作对麦长管蚜种群的生态调控作用。[方法]田间调查小麦单作田、小麦与绿豆、小麦与豌豆以8:2行距间作田麦长管蚜种群数量及其时间动态变化;室内利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测定麦长管蚜对小麦、小麦与绿豆、小麦与豌豆不同组合气味的选择性。[结果]麦田间作不能影响麦蚜种群随时间动态变化曲线,但能在一定程度上降低麦长管蚜无翅蚜和有翅蚜的数量。室内麦长管蚜无翅蚜和有翅蚜显著选择寄主植物的气味。当小麦与绿豆或小麦与豌豆组合时对麦长管蚜没有吸引作用。[结论]非寄主植物的气味对寄主植物气味起掩盖作用,干扰蚜虫的寄主定位,这可能是间作低于单作蚜量的原因之一。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Population dynamics of Padi avenae (PAV), Macrosiphum avenae (MAV), and Rhopalosiphum padi (RPV) virus serotypes of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and of their main aphid vectors were studied in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields for three successive years in western France. An epidemiological model of the spread of viruses in the field was developed based on vector populations as forcing variables and the population dynamics of each virus serotype. This model accurately simulated the kinetics of the epidemic for PAV serotypes, which are the most common ones. For RPV and to some extent for MAV, the results were less satisfactory. The occurrence and spread of PAV and MAV serotypes in the field was clearly and easily related to that of their main vector species. Conversely, the spread of RPV serotypes showed no consistent relationships with the dynamics of their vectors. Incidence of PAV in 1989 to 1990 and 1990 to 1991 showed a bimodal distribution, with maximums in fall (December) and spring (May) that were linked to fall infestations by R. padi and spring infestations by three (R. padi, Sitobion avenae, and Metopolophium dirhodum) or two (S. avenae and M. dirhodum) aphid species. In 1991 to 1992, the PAV infection curve was monomodal and mainly due to a primary spread of the virus by very large populations of alate R. padi. MAV incidence was low in fall and winter and reached a maximum in spring 1990 and 1991 related to the occurrence of S. avenae and M. dirhodum. RPV incidence was low every year, despite the abundance of its vector, R. padi. Mixed infections were more frequent than expected by chance and were assumed to be partly related to heterologous encapsidation. The occurrence of each serotype is discussed in relation to the time of crop infection and possible damage. 相似文献
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七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少．随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加．且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化．指导麦田蚜虫防治。 相似文献
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The RMV strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RMV) is an unassigned member of the Luteoviridae that causes barley yellow dwarf in various cereal crops. The virus is most efficiently vectored by the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, but can also be vectored with varying efficiency by R. padi and Schizaphis graminum. Field collections of alate aphids migrating into the emerging winter wheat crop in the fall of 1994 in central New York identified a high proportion of R. padi transmitting BYDV-RMV. This prompted a comparison of the BYDV-RMV isolates and the R. padi populations found in the field with type virus and aphid species maintained in the laboratory. A majority of the field isolates of BYDV-RMV were similar to each other and to the type BYDV-RMV isolate in disease severity on oat and in transmission by the laboratory-maintained population of R. maidis and a field-collected population of R. maidis. However, several field populations of R. padi differed in their ability to transmit the various BYDV-RMV isolates. The transmission efficiency of the R. padi clones was increased if acquisition and inoculation feeding periods were allowed at higher temperatures. In addition, the transmission efficiency of BYDV-RMV was significantly influenced by the aphid that inoculated the virus source tissue. In general, BYDV-RMV transmission by R. padi was higher when R. padi was the aphid that inoculated the source tissue than when R. maidis was the inoculating aphid. The magnitude of the change varied among virus isolates and R. padi clones. These results indicate that, under certain environmental conditions, R. padi can play a significant role in the epidemiology of BYDV-RMV. This may be especially significant in regions where corn is a major source of virus and of aphids that can carry virus into a fall-planted wheat crop. 相似文献
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博落回提取物对3种麦蚜的生物活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用浸渍法测定了博落回提取物（MCE）对不同龄期麦长管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、麦二叉蚜的生物活性。结果显示,博落回提取物对不同龄期3种麦蚜均有一定杀虫活性,对麦长管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、麦二叉蚜4龄有翅若蚜48 h致死中浓度LC50?分别为8.185 1、5.313 5、2.682 4 g/L,有翅成蚜48 h LC50?分别为8.575 0、6.614 7、0.590 4 g/L,毒力大小均为：麦二叉蚜＞禾谷缢管蚜＞麦长管蚜,麦二叉蚜对博落回提取物最敏感。研究结果为进一步开展博落回对麦蚜活性组分的分离纯化奠定了基础。 相似文献
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茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂引种研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂,于1983年由美国俄克拉何马州引到陕西省泾阳县,可寄生于麦二叉蚜、棉蚜、豆蚜、酸模蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、玉米蚜。1983～1986年在棉田、小麦田、杂草地及植物园温室分别放蜂21307、11508、2933和19562头。1987年调查放蜂结果:棉田棉蚜僵蚜出蜂172头中,未见引进蜂;小麦田禾谷缢管蚜和麦二叉蚜分别出蜂34和314头,各有引进蜂1头;杂草地豆蚜出蜂420头中,有引进蜂6头;在植物园温室扶桑与海桐上僵蚜率分别为49.3％和32.2％,全是引进蜂。对影响茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂在陕西定殖的因素作了讨论。 相似文献
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Aphid feeding in cereals results in both quantitative and qualitative yield losses; moreover aphid-transmitted viruses are responsible for other quantitative and qualitative damage so that direct or indirect effects of aphid infection are always of interest. At the beginning of stem elongation, wheat plants were caged regardless of the presence or absence of indigenous cereal aphids. Half of the caged plants were artificially infected with Diuraphis noxia. The number of D noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi individuals on plants destined for flour preparation was approximately 150 aphids per tiller at peak population. The number of Sitobion avenae individuals was ca 25 aphids per tiller. Bread-making quality of wheat flour is determined primarily by the protein content, the gluten proteins (gliadins, glutenins) being the prime factors. The absolute amounts and/or the relative proportion of gliadins and glutenins are very important in dough making and in determining baking quality. Flour from grains originating from plants infected naturally with cereal aphids indigenous to Hungary, and flour infected artificially with D noxia, were analysed for glutenin and gliadin content using size exclusion HPLC. It was found that aphid infection had a significant effect on the gliadin/glutenin ratio, which was significantly lower in wheat flour prepared from aphid-infected plants than in that from uninfected control. The most significant decrease in gliadin/glutenin ratio was caused by D noxia infection, followed by R padi and then S avenae. As the gliadin/glutenin ratio was significantly lower in flour made from aphid-infected wheat seeds, it can be supposed that aphid feeding results in decreased bread making quality of wheat flour. 相似文献