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为了解达氏鳇肠道微生物组成特征,采集6尾喂养人工配制饲料4周的达氏鳇后肠内容物分别提取DNA,并利用16S r RNA V3-V4变异区扩增子高通量测序的方法分析达氏鳇幼鱼肠道微生物组成与多样性。结果显示:6个样本共获得541575条有效序列,73个操作分类单元(OTUs)。73个OTUs隶属于7个门,其绝对优势菌群在门、目、科、属分类水平上分别为厚壁菌门(98.253%)、梭菌目(98.216%)、梭菌科(98.137%)、狭义梭菌属(92.892%)。序列注释发现,梭菌属中绝大部分为具有降解糖类为短链脂肪酸功能的Clostridium colicanis。此外,还分布有少量的分节丝状菌(3.99%)、鲸杆菌属(1.22%)等菌群。 相似文献
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2013年11月~2014年11月,测量5批次施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii、黑龙江杂交鲟(达氏鳇Huso dauricus♀×施氏鲟♂)和达氏鳇Huso dauricus(共644尾)的体长、体质量,观察其生长、个体繁殖力、卵巢发育、卵径、卵质量和卵色等。结果表明:3种鲟雌亲鱼的体长与体质量差异显著,施氏鲟的体长和体质量显著小于杂交鲟与达氏鳇(P0.05),而杂交鲟的体长和体质量则显著小于达氏鳇(P0.05)。施氏鲟、杂交鲟和达氏鳇雌亲鱼的成熟系数(GSI)和繁殖力差异显著,杂交鲟的GSI和平均绝对繁殖力显著高于施氏鲟和达氏鳇(P0.05),而施氏鲟与达氏鳇的GSI无显著性差异(P0.05)。杂交鲟的相对繁殖力(Fw)显著高于施氏鲟与达氏鳇。3种鲟雌亲鱼产卵质量与体质量比值以10%~15%为主,该比值范围内雌性施氏鲟个体数约占同龄雌性个体的42.66%,杂交鲟为42.91%,达氏鳇为41.93%。施氏鲟和杂交鲟的卵多为棕色,而达氏鳇的卵为棕灰色。达氏鳇的卵径显著大于施氏鲟与杂交鲟。杂交鲟的绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力及成熟系数均高于施氏鲟与达氏鳇,具有明显的杂交优势。 相似文献
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《水产养殖》2021,(6)
为探究养殖花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)肠道菌群的结构特征,采用Illumina Hiseq2500高通量测序技术,对福建宁德三都澳网箱养殖花鲈的肠道内容物及肠壁菌群16S r DNA V3-V4区进行测序。肠道内容物和肠壁样品分别获得456和293个OTUs(operational taxonomic units),分属22个门120个属。花鲈肠道菌群以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)细菌为主要优势菌群,分别占其肠道菌群数量的47.2%、25.8%、14.4%和10.3%。在属分类水平上,发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、梭菌属(Clostridium)及鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)等属细菌是主要类别。对养殖花鲈的肠道内容物与肠壁菌群进行比较分析显示,肠壁菌群多样性略高于肠道内容物。肠道内容物中,发光杆菌属、梭菌属及鲸杆菌属等是主要菌属,其中鲸杆菌属和梭菌属分别占肠道内容物菌群总菌数的17.8%和12.5%,为主要标志性差异种类;在肠壁样品的菌群中,乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、真杆菌属(Eubacterium)、Lachnoclostridium、弓形菌属(Arcobacter)和Flavonifractor为丰度较高的菌属,其中格氏乳球菌(Lactococcus garvieae)为主要标志性物种,占肠壁菌群总数的5.6%。在花鲈肠壁上定殖着格氏乳球菌(L. garvieae)和美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae)等条件致病菌,因此,在养殖中需要注重饵料及环境的管理,避免致病菌大量增殖引起暴发性鱼病。 相似文献
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利用PCR-DGGE和Illumina测序技术研究了罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus)肠道菌群结构及饲喂鲍内脏多糖后罗非鱼肠道菌群的动态变化。在罗非鱼肠道中检测到13个门的细菌,其中梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria,77.84%)为优势菌门,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 8.59%)、衣原体门(Chlamydiae, 6.18%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 5.84%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 1.20%)为次优势菌门,还检测到Saccharibacteria等8个菌门和一些未知类群。在属的水平上,优势菌属为鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、Neochlamydia、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),分别占77.84%、5.796%、2.64%和1.13%,还有一个紫单胞菌科(Porphyromonadaceae)的未知属,占8.29%。此外还有分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)等6个菌属和一些未知属。投喂添加鲍多糖的饲料对罗非鱼肠道微生物的构成造成了明显影响,饲喂鲍多糖的处理组和饲喂普通饲料的对照组样品分别聚为两大类。投喂添加鲍多糖饲料后,放线菌门、Saccharibacteria、疣微菌门和TM6_Dependentiae的丰度显著下调;在属的水平上,邻单胞菌属、鲸杆菌属的丰度上调;Neochlamydia、不动杆菌属、分枝杆菌属、Alsobacter、Aquicella、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、Alpinimonas等属的丰度下调。其中分枝杆菌属、Alsobacter、Aquicella和邻单胞菌属的丰度与对照差异显著(P0.05)。在种水平上,一些潜在致病菌,如鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobabacterbaumannii)、龟分枝杆菌(Mycobacteriumabscessus)、Aeromonas sharmana、耐酪酸冢村菌(Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens)、铜绿色假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)等的丰度下调,其中龟分枝杆菌和耐酪酸冢村菌与对照差异显著(P0.05),而鲸杆菌属等有益菌的丰度上调。本研究从肠道微生物的角度来研究鲍内脏多糖对宿主的影响,为海洋生物活性物质的功效评价提供了新思路,也为鲍内脏活性物质的开发利用、益生元的研制等奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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以施氏鲟（Huso dauricus）为研究材料,分别从线粒体基因组及核基因组两个层面进行物种分子鉴定方法研究。在线粒体基因组层面,对3种鲟及未知鲟种类共计119个样品的D-Loop区进行测序,通过同源序列比对,构建NJ进化树、计算群体间遗传距离,以鉴定其中30尾未知种类。在核基因组层面,利用15对微卫星标记扩增3种鲟DNA,筛选出特异性标记Ls19和SX226。Ls19在施氏鲟中扩增出特异条带126 bp、130 bp,在西伯利亚鲟中扩增出特异条带139 bp、143 bp,在达氏鳇中扩增出特异条带124 bp、127 bp;SX226在施氏鲟中扩增出特异条带185 bp,在西伯利亚鲟中扩增出特异条带260 bp、273 bp、283 bp,在达氏鳇中扩增出特异条带180 bp、182 bp。通过特异条带对未知鲟进行鉴定,结果显示：30尾未知鲟种类中,有西伯利亚鲟17尾,施氏鲟1尾,达氏鳇1尾,达氏鳇×施氏鲟2尾,施氏鲟×达氏鳇1尾,施氏鲟×西伯利亚鲟8尾。结果表明,特异性微卫星引物Ls19和SX226可以应用于施氏鲟、西伯利亚鲟、达氏鳇的纯种及杂交种分子水平种质鉴定。 相似文献
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《水产学杂志》2017,(6)
利用形态学和生物化学的方法测定达氏鳇Huso dauricus、施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii及其正反杂交子代的受精率、孵化率、出苗率与胚胎发育期间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性,分析胚胎发育与抗氧化酶含量的关系。结果表明,达氏鳇与施氏鲟为杂交亲和,可获得正常发育的正反交后代,不影响受精率、孵化率及出苗率。不同胚胎发育期鲟的4种主导抗氧化酶类型及变化规律各不相同。在特定发育时期,达氏鳇(♀)与施氏鲟(♂)正交子代(大杂交鲟)的CAT等抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均接近或高于两亲本中较高的一方;而达氏鳇(♂)与施氏鲟(♀)反交子代(小杂交鲟)介于两亲本之间,特别是SOD、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性和MDA含量显著低于其父母本。施氏鲟胚胎心脏搏动期SOD的活性最高,达氏鳇胚胎在卵黄栓期SOD的活性最高,而杂交子代的SOD活性均在囊胚期达最大值。综上所述,4种鲟胚胎发育时期内源性抗氧化酶活性的表达差异在一定程度上可解释物种间表型性状的差异。 相似文献
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为研究大豆皂甙对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、肠道组织结构完整性和肠道菌群结构的影响,在以鱼粉为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加0%和0.3%的大豆皂甙,配制成鱼粉组和大豆皂甙组2种等氮等脂的实验饲料来投喂体质量为(4.63±0.01) g的大菱鲆进行12周的摄食生长实验。结果显示,饲料中添加0.3%的大豆皂甙对大菱鲆的生长性能没有产生显著影响,但显著降低了胃蛋白酶及肠淀粉酶活性;2组实验中大菱鲆肠道组织形态无明显差异,但大豆皂甙组肠道紧密连接蛋白的基因表达量显著降低。肠道菌群分析结果显示,大菱鲆肠道中相对丰度最高的门和属分别为变形菌门和盐单胞菌属。LEfSe和MetaStat分析显示,饲料中添加大豆皂甙后显著提高了大菱鲆肠道内优势菌(变形菌门及希瓦氏菌属),皂甙水解相关的肠道微生物(鞘脂单胞菌属、普氏菌属、栖瘤胃普雷沃菌以及普通拟杆菌)及潜在致病菌(莫氏杆菌属和发光杆菌属)的相对丰度,同时显著降低了Caenimonas、Niastella和条件致病菌罗尔斯通菌属的相对丰度。研究表明,0.3%大豆皂甙抑制了大菱鲆消化酶活性及肠道紧密连接蛋白的基因表达,且引起了大菱鲆肠道菌群结构的显著改变。因此,大豆皂甙对鱼类肠道健康尤其是肠道菌群的影响不容忽视,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
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养殖鲟鱼非寄生性疾病的诊断与控制 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
鲟鳇鱼养殖已在我国悄然兴起,养殖品种有施氏鲟(ＡｃｉｐｅｎｓｅｒｓｃｈｒｅｎｃｋｉｉＢｒａｎｄｔ)、达氏鳇(Ｈｕｓｏｄａｕｒｉｃｕｓ)、俄罗斯鲟(ＡｇｕｅｌｄｅｎｓｔａｅｄｔｉＢｒａｎｄｔ)、杂交鲟(ｂｅｓｔｅｒ)等。从当前情况看,养殖杂交鲟、俄罗斯鲟、施氏鲟效果较好。鲟鳇鱼类生长快、抗病力强的特点已被国内外养殖者公认,但在集约化养殖条件下,出现较多非寄生性疾病。高首鲟(Ａｔｒａｎｓｍｏｎｔａｎｕｓ)脂肪织炎、施氏鲟肝性脑病和鲟鱼心外膜脓肿均属非寄生性疾病,为鲟鱼养殖的主要疾病,虽然这些疾病无传染性,但就高度集… 相似文献
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Comparative study of the intestinal microbial community of wild and cultured kaluga sturgeon,Huso dauricus 
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下载免费PDF全文 The kaluga, Huso dauricus (Georgi 1775), is a large‐sized semi‐anadromous sturgeon native to the Amur River basin. Gut microbes play an important role in the growth and development of fish. Because wild samples of this species are difficult to obtain, very few studies have analysed the microbial community of the kaluga gut. Here, we used high‐throughput sequencing to determine differences in the intestinal microbial communities of wild and cultured kaluga, to lay the foundation for development of micro‐ecological preparations that might ultimately assist with conserving wild kaluga by benefitting sturgeon aquaculture. Two 2‐year‐old (wild) fish collected from the Heilongjiang River basin were size‐ and age‐matched with two 2‐year‐old (cultured) fish obtained from a breeding base in Yunnan Province, for molecular analysis of gut samples. In total, 483,008 16S rRNA sequences were obtained. The intestinal microbial diversity was greater in the wild kaluga than in the cultured fish. The dominant phyla in the gut community of wild kaluga were Proteobacteria (47.9%), Fusobacteria (30.5%) and Firmicutes (8.85%), whereas samples from the cultured kaluga were dominated by Fusobacteria (78%). This result may be attributed to differences in environmental conditions, particularly water quality and temperature, as well as diet between the wild and cultured animals. The findings provide basic data to assist further research and the development of feed as a part of artificial breeding technology. 相似文献
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Impacts of diet on hindgut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yao Tong Hao Shan Gong Wu Ivan Jakovlić Hong Zou Wen Xiang Li Gui Tang Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5595-5605
Diet is known to influence intestinal microbiota in fish, but the specifics of these impacts are still poorly understood. Different protein/fibre ratio diets may result in differing structures and activities of gut microbiota. We examined the hindgut microbiome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed three different diets: fish meal (FM, high protein – low fibre), Sudan grass (SG, high fibre – low protein) and compound feed (CF, intermediate). Microbial profiles of fish fed on FM were significantly different from profiles of fish fed CF and SG (F = 18.85, p < .01). Cetobacterium, known to be positively associated with protein digestion, was the dominant microbial group in FM samples (approximately 75.7%), while Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, thought to be involved in fermentation of plant polysaccharides, were dominant in CF and SG samples (46.8% and 42.9% respectively). Network analyses indicated that the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae was in a significantly positive correlation (r = .895, p = .001). Short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels may indicate that the digestibility of diet by microbiota in the grass carp gut decreased from FM to SG (FM>CF>SG). Overall low SCFA levels indicate that hindgut fermentation probably provides a low proportion of energy requirements in grass carp. 相似文献
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探究凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾肠道微生物及抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)种类的差异。通过高通量测序和变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)技术分析2种虾肠道微生物群落结构差异和微生物多样性,并运用PCR方法检测了2种虾肠道细菌常见38种ARGs的携带情况。结果显示,获得凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾肠道细菌有效序列分别为42 795和40 713条,物种注释单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)数目分别为124和82,分类地位明确的细菌种类分别隶属5个门、17个属和5个门、16个属。凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌的优势类群为变形菌门,所占比例为75.45%,优势菌属为副球菌属(25.83%)和不动杆菌属(25.24%);罗氏沼虾肠道细菌的优势类群是厚壁菌门(49.74%),优势菌属为乳球菌属(49.01%)和弧菌属(29.98%)。凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌(2.19)Shannon指数高于罗氏沼虾肠道细菌(1.78),表明前者肠道细菌多样性大于后者。DGGE图谱的分析结果与高通量测序一致,2种虾肠道细菌种类差异很大。PCR结果显示,凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌携带15种ARGs,罗氏沼虾肠道细菌携带14种ARGs。本实验表明凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌的群落种类多样性、OTU丰富度、物种总数和ARGs种类均高于罗氏沼虾肠道细菌,为后续肠道微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了研究枯草芽孢杆菌HGcc-1对鲤肠肝健康、血清补体和肠道菌群的影响,实验选择体质量为(13.10±0.39) g健康鲤,随机分为HGcc-1添加组和对照组,养殖20周后测定生长指标,用试剂盒检测了鲤血清内毒素(LPS)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总补体和溶菌酶,并对肠道菌群进行了16S rRNA测序,同时将添加组和对照组的肠道菌群转接至无菌斑马鱼,然后检测无菌斑马鱼体内毒素结合蛋白(LBP)、ALT、AST的水平和C3、C4基因表达量;最后还检测了HGcc-1直接作用于无菌斑马鱼时,无菌斑马鱼的ALT、AST的水平和C3、C4基因表达量。结果显示,HGcc-1对鲤的增重率无显著影响;与对照组相比,饲料中添加HGcc-1显著降低鲤血清内毒素、ALT和AST水平;同时HGcc-1添加组血清总补体水平显著升高。在门水平上,HGcc-1添加组中梭杆菌门丰度比对照组增加了47.1%;变形菌门丰度比对照组减少了70.7%;在属水平上,HGcc-1添加组中鲸杆菌属(的丰度比对照组增加了47.1%;柠檬酸杆菌属和气单胞菌属(的丰度比对照组分别减少了56.6%和70.9%。利用无菌斑马鱼模型进一步发现,HGcc-1添加组鲤肠道菌群显著降低了无菌斑马鱼LBP含量和AST水平,显著上调了无菌斑马鱼补体C3和C4基因表达;与此同时,HGcc-1与无菌斑马鱼直接互作也降低了鱼体ALT和AST水平。研究表明,饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌HGcc-1能够改善鲤肠肝健康、血清补体以及肠道菌群稳态。本研究为枯草芽孢杆菌HGcc-1的下一步应用奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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To investigate the differences in gut bacterial community of Parabramis pekinensis at different growth stages, we collected wild P. pekinensis from the Jingjiang region of the Yangtze River, and detected the intestinal microflora structure using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results show that during stage I the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. During stage II, the proportion of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased, while the proportion of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria increased, especially Clostridium and Cetobacteria increased significantly. During stage III, Cetobacterium had a dominant position, while the proportion of Firmicutes decreased slightly. In stage IV, the male and female fish showed obvious differences. In the female gut, the proportion of Proteobacteria increased to the first place, while Fusobacteria decreased to the second place. In the male fish, the proportion of Fusobacteria dropped to the fifth, especially that of Cetobacterium decreased significantly, and that of Verrucomicrobia increased. In stage V, the proportion of Fusobacteria increased again to the first place, while Proteobacteria did not decrease significantly in the female gut. The gut bacterial community in males changed into a structure similar to stage I. In stage VI, the gut bacterial community in both females and males changed into a structure similar to stage I. There were significant differences in the intestinal microflora structure of P. pekinensis at different gonad development stages and sexes. To some extent, the changes in intestinal microflora structure reflect the changes in the nutritional requirements of P. pekinensis.
相似文献16.
Zahra Geraylou Maarten P M Vanhove Caroline Souffreau Eugene Rurangwa Johan Buyse Frans Ollevier 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(2):341-352
To select and characterize potential probiotic bacteria from the gut microbiota of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), 129 strains isolated from the hindgut were screened for antagonistic activity against five fish pathogens. Ten isolates showed antagonism towards three or more pathogens. Nine of these isolates were Gram‐positive, belonging to Lactococcus (seven) and Bacillus (two), and a single strain belonging to the Gram‐negative Citrobacter. These inhibitory isolates were identified using genetic, phentotypic and biochemical traits, and further characterized by in vitro tests assessing the adhesion and growth in mucus and resistance to gastric and intestinal fluids. The candidate probiotics were determined to be non‐pathogenic through an in vivo study. Based on these assays, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis STG45 and STG81 showed the broadest inhibitory potential, a high viability in simulated gastrointestinal juice and the highest adhesion capacity to mucus. They were therefore selected as the most promising candidate probiotics. This is the first study screening probiotics among the gut microflora of Siberian sturgeon. 相似文献
17.
Shuyan Miao Jinyu Zhu Chenze Zhao Longsheng Sun Xiaojing Dong Guohong Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2751-2759
A 63‐day growth trial was conducted with northern snakehead Channa argus to evaluate how rapidly its growth performance and how reproducibly its gut microbiota respond to different dietary protein sources. Four diets were formulated with different levels of soybean meal as a replacement for fishmeal (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%). Each diet was fed to three replicates of juvenile C. argus (30 juveniles per replicate, initial weight 8.65 ± 0.25 g) to produce groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively. During this trial, survival rate, growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition were determined on days 9, 21 and 63. At day 9, there was no effect of the dietary soybean meal on the final weight (Wt), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) between the four groups (p > 0.05). However, at day 21 (p < 0.05), they were significantly lower in G4 fish than that in G1 and G2. The highest Wt, WG and SGR were found in G1 and G2 fish, the lowest growth was found in G4 fish at day 63 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha diversity were found in G4. With the dietary soybean level increased, the proportion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, as well as some genera of bacteria (Carnobacterium, Cetobacterium, Planctomyces, Shewanella and Thermomonas) significantly increased in the G3 and G4 fish (p < 0.05). However, the OTUs, Chao index, and the proportion of Firmicutes and some genera (Acinetobacter, Bacillus and Geobacillus) in G4 fish were significantly higher at days 21 and 63 than that at day 9 (p < 0.05). Taken together, in response to dietary soybean meal levels, dynamic and significant changes in microbiota occurred, which then ultimately attained a new equilibrium. 相似文献
18.
S.H. HOSEINIFAR A. MIRVAGHEFI B. MOJAZI AMIRI H.K. ROSTAMI D.L. MERRIFIELD 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(5):498-504
Preliminary experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of oligofructose on beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) growth performance, survival and culturable autochthonous intestinal microbiota. Juveniles (20 g) were fed diets containing varying levels of oligofructose (10, 20 and 30 g kg?1) at 2–3% body weight per day for 7 weeks. Compared to the control group, no significant (P > 0.05) effect on growth performance was observed in fish fed diets supplemented with oligofructose at 10 and 20 g kg?1. However, compared to the 20 g kg?1 group, feeding oligofructose at 30 g kg?1 resulted in adverse effects on growth performance. Dietary supplementation of oligofructose at 20 g kg?1 significantly increased survival rate. Microbiological assessment indicated that the viable culturable autochthonous levels were not affected by dietary oligofructose. Although lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were not a dominant component of the endogenous autochthonous microbiota, LAB levels were significantly elevated in fish fed 20 g kg?1 dietary oligofructose. This elevated LAB population was able to persist for at least 1 week after reverting the prebiotic group back to a control diet. This study encourages further research on different aspects of oligofructose in sturgeon culture with clear emphasis on optimizing dosage levels. 相似文献
19.
Based on microbiological and histopathological examinations and DNA sequencing, several outbreaks of mycobacteriosis in the reared sturgeons, including Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray) and Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrencki), were identified during 2009 to 2010. Forty‐nine isolates of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)were isolated from 19 diseased sturgeons. In total, seven species of Mycobacterium were identified, namely, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium arupense and Mycobacterium porcinum. Among them, M. marinum was found to be more prevalent (89.5%) compared with the other mycobacterial species. When two molecular biological methods, PCR‐DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) analysis and rpoB gene library sequencing, were used to analyse the mycobacterial DNAs extracted from the diseased fish tissues, mixed infections of two or three mycobacterial species were found being the predominant infection form (94.7%) in sturgeon mycobacteriosis. M. marinum was the only one species that caused sturgeon mycobacteriosis alone. Virulence assay showed that M. marinum possessed stronger pathogenicity to zebrafish killing 100% of fish in 28 days at 103 cfu/fish than the other species. These results suggested that M. marinum is the major pathogenic bacteria in sturgeon mycobacteriosis. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on mycobacteriosis in farmed Chinese and Amur sturgeons as well as the first isolation of M. porcinum and M. arupense from fish. 相似文献
20.
Ignacio Plaza Jos Luis García Beatriz Galn Jesús de la Fuente Rubn Bermejo‐Poza Morris Villarroel 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1448-1458
Supplementing fish feed with Arthrospira platensis has several beneficial effects, such as improved growth, survival and feed conversion, but little is known about how it affects gut microbiota or flesh quality. In this trial, feed with 3% A. platensis was given to Oreochromis niloticus (SPR, spirulina supplemented) over a period of 50 days and their gut microbiota and flesh quality were compared with controls (CTRs, no supplementation). Average daily growth was higher in SPR fish (p < 0.05). Regarding microbiota, a total of 5,470,272 readings (individuals) were obtained from 16 gut samples (n = 8 CTR, n = 8 SPR), with a gamma diversity of 1,563 species but no significant differences were found between treatments. Among the high inter‐individual variability found, some individual microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria (36.6%) and Fusobacteria (32.9%) and others more by Actinobacteria (37%). Regarding flesh quality, significant differences were observed in flesh colour post‐mortem (a*, b* and chroma) (p < 0.05), with higher reflectance in the range of 470–500 and 620–670 nm in SPR tilapia, which corresponds with the reflectance range of β‐carotene and phycocyanin. However, rigor mortis was resolved earlier in SPR fish (p < 0.05), which suggests a shorter shelf life. Adding 3% of A. platensis in O. niloticus diet can improve growth and flesh colour and does not appear to modify intestinal microbiota. 相似文献