共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 18 毫秒
1.
铝离子对根系的毒害是酸性土壤中农作物生产的主要限制因子.大麦在所有禾本科农作物中对铝离子毒害最为敏感.耐铝毒性在大麦品种间存在变异,遗传分析表明在大麦第4染色体长臂上有一个主效基因(Alp)控制大麦对铝毒的抗性.笔者总结了最近几年关于大麦耐铝毒机理的研究进展,特别是大麦耐铝毒基因Alp的克隆及其功能分析,并对禾本科其它农作物中相关耐铝毒基因的研究进行了比较. 相似文献
2.
Reduced crop productivity due to soils containing toxic levels of boron (B) is a worldwide problem in food production. It is estimated that up to 17% of the barley yield losses in southern Australia are caused by B toxicity. We found that the expression of AtBOR4, an Arabidopsis paralog of BOR1, the first identified boron transporter gene, generates plants that are tolerant of high B levels. BOR4 is a polarly localized borate exporter that enhances B efflux from roots. The present study is a foundation for the improvement of crop productivity in soils containing excess B, which are distributed in arid areas of the world. 相似文献
3.
青稞“昆仑12号”HVA1基因的克隆与蛋白质结构预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抗旱性是青稞重要的耐逆性状.根据已报道的大麦抗旱相关基因HVA1的DNA序列,设计引物,以青稞品种昆仑12号经干旱处理8h处理后的幼苗为材料,进行PCR扩增,得到约700 bp的HVA1基因编码框的全序列,将其克隆到pMD20 -T上,重组子和酶切鉴定正确后,进行序列测定和分析.结果表明,与西藏强旱性青稞中HVA1基因... 相似文献
4.
YU Yong-tao WANG Rong-huan SHI Yun-su SONG Yan-chun WANG Tian-yu LI Yu 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(12):1726-1738
Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting maize production. Rab17 is an ABA-responsive gene and associated with drought tolerance. In order to identify haplotypic structure and mine allelic variants at tab17 locus, nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium （LD） structure of rab17 were evaluated among a mini core set of Chinese diversified maize inbred lines. Totally, 19 SNP and 18 insertion/deletions （InDels） were identified, among which 81% were in non-coding regions and 19% in coding regions. The results showed that a high level of diversity appeared within 1 kb upstream of the rabl 7 locus, and declined quickly downstream of the gene region. Rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium of rabl 7 region with distance within 1 kb was detected. Functional markers which can be developed based on haplotype 14 are expected to have contribution to molecular breeding for drought tolerance. 相似文献
5.
为了探索青稞耐低氮相关类甜蛋白基因HvTOND1的基因和蛋白结构特点,为青稞耐低氮分子机制研究提供基础。以青稞''昆仑14''叶片为材料,根据植物基因组数据库Gramene(http://www.gramene.org/)中的大麦HvTOND1（HORVU5Hr1G005300）基因和启动子区域序列设计引物,通过PCR获得青稞''昆仑14'' HvTOND1基因和启动子区域序列。采用生物信息学软件对 HvTOND1基因启动子区域元件以及蛋白理化性质、跨膜结构、磷酸化位点、信号肽、二级结构、三级结构进行分析。结果表明HvTOND1没有内含子, HvTOND1蛋白由171个氨基酸组成,具有4个磷酸化位点,具有信号肽,不具有跨膜结构。将HvTOND1与其他植物的氨基酸序列进行对比并构建进化树发现青稞HvTOND1与节节麦AtsTOND1亲缘关系最近。亚细胞定位结果显示HvTOND1定位在内质网中。 相似文献
6.
《农业科学学报》2010,(12)
Drought stress is one of the most important factors limiting maize production. Rab17 is an ABA-responsive gene and associated with drought tolerance. In order to identify haplotypic structure and mine allelic variants at rab17 locus, nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of rab17 were evaluated among a mini core set of Chinese diversified maize inbred lines. Totally, 19 SNP and 18 insertion/deletions (InDels) were identified, among which 81% were in non-coding regions and 19% in coding regions. The results showed that a high level of diversity appeared within 1 kb upstream of the rab17 locus, and declined quickly downstream of the gene region. Rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium of rab17 region with distance within 1 kb was detected. Functional markers which can be developed based on haplotype 14 are expected to have contribution to molecular breeding for drought tolerance. 相似文献
7.
【目的】目前,国内外大麦遗传转化主要利用Golden Promise品种,基因依赖性严重,尤其是大麦的转化效率较低,并且获得安全型转基因大麦植株对其进一步产业化非常重要。建立高效、无筛选标记大麦遗传转化体系,拓展大麦遗传转化的受体基因型,为大麦基因功能解析和大麦转基因育种及商业化种植提供技术保障。【方法】以优良大麦品种Vlamingh为受体,取开花授粉后14 d左右的幼胚为转化材料,通过对培养基成分及培养步骤优化,建立农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系,并利用该体系将Bar和GUS在不同T-DNA区段的双T-DNA表达载体pWMB123转化大麦,获得候选转基因植株,然后利用PCR、Bar试纸条、组织化学染色和Southern blot等检测方法,在T1代转基因植株中成功获得无筛选标记大麦转基因植株。【结果】在愈伤组织分化阶段,发现培养基中添加1.0 mg·L-1 KT、0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA和0.05 mg·L-1 NAA明显促进愈伤组织分化。在转基因植株生根阶段,发现采用添加1.0 mg·L-1的IBA的SM1（无其他生长素）的生根效果最佳,培养基中添加2.5 mg·L-1 CuSO4显著降低了大麦转基因植株白化现象。共转化了138个幼胚,最终获得14株大麦转基因植株,转化效率10.14%。PCR、Bar试纸条、GUS染色等检测证实,T0代转基因植株中均含有Bar,而仅有10株含有GUS,2个T-DNA的共转化效率为71.43%。选取4个同时含有Bar和GUS的转基因植株,对其自交后代进行检测,在BL8株系中筛选到2株只含GUS而不含Bar的转基因植株,无筛选标记效率为6.9%。在T1代转基因植株中对Bar和GUS进行了Southern blot鉴定,发现在多数转基因植株中Bar和GUS均为多拷贝整合,进一步证实BL8-15和BL8-19为无筛选标记的转基因植株。【结论】利用大麦品种Vlamingh为转化材料可以较高效率获得转基因植株,提高愈伤组织分化效率和转基因植株生根效率,降低转基因植株白化现象。利用农杆菌介导双T-DNA表达载体转化大麦,成功获得了无筛选标记转基因植株。 相似文献
8.
Gerald Zvobgo Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba Tichaona Sagonda James Mutemachani Mapodzeke Noor Muhammad Imran Haider Shamsi Guo-ping ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(2):381-394
Arsenic(As) contamination in soils has posed a severe threat to safe crop production. The previous studies showed the antagonism between phosphorus(P) and As in plant growth and As uptake, while the mechanisms of alleviating As toxicity by P is not completely clear. Due to the limiting P condition, it is imperative to understand how low P addition can be used to suppress arsenate As(V) uptake and the subsequent mechanisms involved. Thus in this study we investigated the effect of P addition on As uptake, anti-oxidative enzyme activity, and anti-oxidant content, and the relative expression of transport, defense, and detoxification genes using two barley genotypes differing in As toxicity tolerance. P addition significantly reduced As concentration in plant tissues, and caused the great changes in activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione content, and the relative expression of examined genes when the plants of the two barley genotypes were exposed to 100 μmol L~(–1) As, with ZDB160(As-tolerant) being much more affected than ZDB475(As-sensitive). The current results show that P addition can alleviate As toxicity by regulating the expression of As transport, defense, and detoxification genes to a greater extent in As tolerance of barley, suggesting the possibility of controlling As uptake and toxicity by applying low amount of P fertilizers in the As-contaminated soils. 相似文献
9.
E. E. Radchenko T. L. Kuznetsova I. A. Zveinek O. N. Kovaleva 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2014,40(2):117-120
Heterogeneous forms differing in level of expressing resistance to the Krasnodar greenbug population have been revealed as a result of studying 1358 barley accessions from East and South Asian countries. High resistance of 98 accessions is controlled by alleles not identical to alleles of the earlier identified Rsg1 gene. A difference in genetic control of resistance in barley landraces from China and North Korea was found. 相似文献
10.
Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints limiting plant growth, development and crop yield. Many drought-inducible genes have been identified by molecular and genomic analyses in ... 相似文献
11.
植物耐盐基因工程研究进展 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
盐害是农作物减产的主要因素,提高作物的耐盐性是提高全球粮食产量的基础。文章较系统地概述了植物盐胁迫信号传导通路研究现状,植物耐盐基因的挖掘,包括基于EST数据库的基因挖掘、通过转录谱确定胁迫响应基因以及应用转基因手段确定基因在胁迫耐受机制中的功能。同时系统阐述了各类耐盐基因的应用,包括渗透调节物质合成酶基因、氧胁迫相关基因、离子转运相关基因、编码转录因子的调节基因、感应和传导胁迫信号的蛋白激酶基因和其他调控序列。文章还对植物耐盐基因工程研究的现状进行了分析和提出建议,对进行植物基因工程研究工作具有参考价值和指导意义。 相似文献
12.
ZHANG Jing LI Zhen ZHANG Chi-hong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(9):643-647
Inheritance of plant height was studied in the two dwarfing gene donors, Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3, in barley breeding in China. Using direct cross and para-back-cross methods, allelic tests were carried out not only between the dwarfing genes in Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3, but also with br, uzu, denso, or sdwl and the six novel dwarfing genes that have been recently identified in barley in China. The results showed that the plant height was attributed to Mendelian inheritance of a recessive dwarfing gene both in Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3. The dwarfing genes carried by the two cultivars were the same, but different from the three known and the six novel dwarfing genes. On the basis of the present study, only two dwarfing genes have been used in barley breeding in China since 1950. 相似文献
13.
GUO Yushuang ZHANG Yanju ZHU Yanming LIU Jia LI Jie BAI Xi 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2007,14(3):212-217
Soybean is one of the most important sources of edible oil and proteins in the world.However,it suffers from many kinds of fungal diseases which is a major limiting factor in soybean production.The fungal disease can be effectively controlled by breeding plant cultivars with genetic transformation.In this study,the resistance to Phytophthora sojae of five bivalent transgenic soybean lines was identified using the hypocotyls inoculation technique.The lines were the T,of the transgenic soybean which were transformed with kidney bean chitinase gene and barley ribosome inactivating protein gene,and were positive by Southern Blot analysis.The resistance difference was studied through comparing the death percentage of transgenic soybean with the control.The results showed that four lines were more resistant to P.sojae,whereas other one had no significant difference in comparison with the control.These transgenic soybean lines with enhanced resistance to P.sojae will be useful in soybean resistance breeding. 相似文献
14.
Inheritance of plant height was studied in the two dwarfing genedonors, Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3, in barley breeding in China. Sing irect cross and para-back-cross methods, allelic tests were carried out not only between the dwarfing genes in Zhepi 1 and izao , but also with br, uzu, denso, or sdw1 and the six novel dwarfing genes that have been recently identified in barley in China. He results showed that the plant height was attributed to Mendelian inheritance of a recessive dwarfing gene both in Zhepi 1 nd izao 3. The dwarfing genes carried by the two cultivars were the same, but different from the three known and the six novel warfing genes. On the basis of the present study, only two dwarfing genes have been used in barley breeding in China since 1950. 相似文献
15.
【目的】对大麦TIFY基因家族成员进行鉴定及表达分析,为进一步探究TIFY基因家族在大麦生长发育与胁迫响应中的作用机理打下基础。【方法】基于TIFY家族蛋白的保守域特征,利用HMMER从大麦中鉴定TIFY基因家族成员,利用采用生物信息学软件对其理化性质、保守基序、特征结构域、顺式作用元件、基因结构、系统进化及表达模式进行预测分析。【结果】从大麦中鉴定出15个HvTIFYs基因（HvTIFY1～HvTIFY15）,分布于5条染色体上,且大多数基因在染色体上成簇分布。15个HvTIFYs蛋白均具有TIFY家族蛋白的特征结构域（TIFY）,根据所含保守结构域的不同,可分为ZML（4个）和JAZ亚族（11个）,且亲水性蛋白（14个）和偏碱性蛋白（11个）居多,但均定位于细胞核;二级结构相似度较高,均由α-螺旋、β-转角和无规则卷曲组成,除HvTIFY7蛋白外,其余蛋白二级结构所占比排序:无规则卷曲>α-螺旋>β-转角。HvTIFYs基因结构存在明显差异,其中,JAZ亚族11个基因的内含子数为0~6; ZML亚族4个基因的内含子数为6～7个,系统发育进化树上相邻分支的基因具有较相似的基因结构。HvTIFYs基因启动子区域富含光、激素和胁迫等顺式作用元件,种类及分布均呈多样性。5个物种的79条TIFY蛋白分为4个组,恰好与TIFY家族的4个亚族对应,其中,ZML、TIFY和JAZ亚族包含单、双子叶植物的TIFY蛋白,而PPD亚族仅含有双子叶植物的TIFY蛋白。15个HvTIFYs基因在不同组织器官中的表达量存在明显差异,其中HvTIFY1、HvTIFY2和HvTIFY8基因在8个组织中的表达量均较高,HvTIFY10和HvTIFY15基因表达量中等,HvTIFY6基因表达量较低; HvTIFY11基因不表达。15个基因在根的不同组织中对盐胁迫的敏感程度不同。【结论】从大麦中鉴定出的15个HvTIFYs基因存在一定的功能分化,具有明显的组织和时空特异性,推测其在大麦逆境响应和激素调节中具有重要调控作用。 相似文献
16.
用烟草花叶病毒弱毒株系N14预先接种,可以诱导烟草对病原真菌赤星病菌的系统获得性抗性（SAR）,减轻病菌引起的赤星病。选择表现诱导抗性最强植株材料进行组织培养与植株再生,通过体细胞无性系变异增强和巩固SAR性状,获得SAR组成性表达的突变体（constitutive expresser of SAR）ces2-1。除了抗病表型,ces2-1还组成性表达多种防卫反应基因。回交实验与遗传分析表明,ces 2-1是在野生型位点上的单基因显性突变。对ces 2-1与野生型进行mRNA差异显示分析,得到一个 ces 2-1独有、在野生型中缺少的转录本,与前人报道的烟草受过氧化氢诱导的一个基因片段同源。用cDNA末端快速扩增技术克隆了这个转录本的全长序列,根据生物信息学分析与功能的初步测定,把这个基因命名为烟草受过氧化氢诱导的抗病相关基因（hydrogen peroxide induced 1,NtHPI1）。 相似文献
17.
为了解LTP蛋白基因blt14.2在青稞中的功能,以青稞品种"昆仑12号"为实验材料,克隆得到编码该基因的cDNA序列全长470bp,其中包括249bp的开放阅读框,编码82个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量7 709.8,理论pI6.52,不稳定系数27.36,是一个稳定的蛋白质。LTP蛋白有2个跨膜区,1～19位置的是从膜内到膜外,57～76位置的是从膜外到膜内,总平均亲水性0.522,是一个高度亲水的小分子蛋白质。序列比对显示编码该蛋白的基因与大麦blt14.2基因具有较高的同源性(98.9%)。通过Real-time PCR检测得到blt14.2基因在4℃下处理48、24和12h的表达量分别是0h的14.6、13.6和8.3倍,SPSS分析显示blt14.2基因在不同低温胁迫时间下表达差异显著,说明该基因对青稞的耐寒性起到一定的作用。 相似文献
18.
大麦耐湿性鉴定指标和评价方法研究 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：23
【目的】湿害是大麦生产的主要问题之一,培育耐湿性品种是最经济有效的方法,筛选和鉴定大麦耐湿性资源非常必要。【方法】以大麦(Yerong × Franklin)加倍单倍体（DH）群体165个系为材料,考查湿害处理和对照的株高（PH）、穗长（SL）、穗下节长（TFIL）、单株穗数(SPP)、主穗粒数（GPS）、单株粒重（GWPP）、单株粒数（GPP）、单株干重(DWPP)、千粒重（WTG）、绿叶数（NGL）和叶绿素含量（Chl）。以各性状的耐湿系数作为衡量DH系耐湿性的指标,应用主成分分析法、动态聚类分析和隶属函数法，从样本相关矩阵出发，对大麦DH群体165个系的主要性状进行综合分析。【结果】提出了3个反映大麦主要耐湿性状的主成分及函数式，前两个为穗粒因子，第3个为绿叶数因子；对165个系的耐湿性能力进行基于3个主成分的三维空间下的动态聚类分析和综合评价，将其分成高度耐湿、中度耐湿和极不耐湿3类，数目各为42、93和30。【结论】本研究用新的耐湿性指标和综合评价方法对165个系的耐湿性能力进行了分类、筛选和评价，为进一步的耐湿性QTL研究和大麦耐湿性育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
19.
以5个大麦品种的由成熟胚再生体系产生的胚性愈伤组织为受体材料，以构建好的Bar基因为选择基因的玉米淀粉分支酶基因表达载体为目的基因，用基因枪法对其进行了转化。在转化的大麦中，5个不同基因型品种的抗性愈伤获得率为10．32％～17．13％，将抗性愈伤组织转移到分化培养基中进行分化，绿苗分化率为0％～14．29％，移栽到小花盆中的再生植株有28株。其中87.3175有11株，87．0053有9株，97．4010有3株，97．6004未分化出苗，208813．509有5株；移栽成活的87．3175有4株，87．0053有5株，208813-509有3株。对10株再生植株进行了PCR检测，其中有7株扩增出0．5kb的Bar基因特异条带，2株扩增出2．4kb的sbe2b基因特异条带，3株扩增出2．5kb的sbel基因特异条带。对PCR扩增的条带回收测序，测序结果与各自的基因序列相符合，说明外源基因已经整合到大麦基因组中。 相似文献
20.
过量硼对植物的毒害及高硼土壤植物修复研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
硼作为一种植物必需元素,在土壤中过量存在会对植物产生毒害,硼对植物的毒害作用以及利用植物修复高硼土壤已经日益受到关注。目前,硼对不同类型植物的毒害特点,植物的耐受机制还不十分清楚。特别是对于硼污染的植物修复,其研究还处于起步阶段。本文分别从植物的表观症状、生理生化和基因水平等层次,综述了过量硼对植物的毒害,并从高耐受性、超富集能力植物筛选,以及转基因技术应用等角度回顾了硼污染的植物修复研究进展。在此基础上,提出了当前相关研究存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究进行了展望。 相似文献