共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sutton T Baumann U Hayes J Collins NC Shi BJ Schnurbusch T Hay A Mayo G Pallotta M Tester M Langridge P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5855):1446-1449
2.
T. N. Bondareva Kh. D. Khurum A. Kh. Sheudzhen L. M. Onishchenko 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2010,36(2):96-99
It is shown that the use of boron, cobalt, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and zinc fertilizers on meadow chernozem and alluvial
meadow bog soils depending on the rate and time of application increases productivity of rice and companion crop of a rice
rotation, such as alfalfa. 相似文献
3.
综述了植物中硼的转运体与通道协同作用完成植物对硼吸收转运的分子机制,表明在低硼条件下,硼的通道蛋白NIP5;1和转运体BOR1协同参与硼的吸收过程,硼的通道蛋白NIP6;1和转运体BOR1参与硼在地上部分的分配过程。在高硼条件下,硼的转运体BOR4和水道道蛋白AtIP5;1参与了硼的外排过程。总之,植物对硼的吸收不仅有被动吸收,还有主动吸收过程。最后,对该领域的进一步研究提出展望。 相似文献
4.
用湖北省５种旱地土壤进行了土壤热水溶性硼（ＨＷＳＢ）植物有效性试验。盆栽试验结果表明，除ＨＷＳＢ较高的潮土外，其余４种土壤施硼均有不同程度的增产效果。盆栽试验和培养实验都证明热水不能完全提取当季施入土壤中的硼，而这些硼在后季作物生长中继续发挥效果。尽管５种土壤的ＨＷＳＢ与盆栽作物的增产幅度有一定的相关性，但以质地较轻、缺硼严重的供试砂质灰紫色土效果最明显。从而说明土壤硼对植物的有效性与影响土壤硼库活性的因素有关。 相似文献
5.
土壤硼不同化学库特性研究 Ⅱ．钙在土壤硼转化过程中的作用初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤培养和向日葵幼苗试验结果表明，土壤热水溶性硼（ＨＷＳＢ）在培养和种植作物幼苗后，比原测定值明显下降，而且施肥培养处理比未施肥培养和施肥种植作物幼苗处理的土壤热水溶性硼（ＨＷＳＢ）都低。其原因：中、酸性土壤的有效钙含量因施肥引入钙离子后而提高，进入土壤胶体的钙交换出的土壤潜在性酸使土壤ｐＨ值下降；对于石灰性土壤，活性钙可能与施入的磷酸盐形成沉淀，这类土壤中的硼在被碳酸钙吸附的同时，还可与磷酸氢钙发生共沉淀。土壤发生的这些化学反应均使ＨＷＳＢ下降。而作物幼苗对土壤有效钙的强烈吸收，削弱了土壤固定硼的能力，土壤ＨＷＳＢ会有所上升。 相似文献
6.
Extensive acidic soils, which suffer from accelerated soil acidification, are found in southern China. Soil acidity, aluminum toxicity, and nutrient deficiencies severely limited crop productivity in acidic soils. It has been widely reported that crop residue biochars can ameliorate acidic soils and increase crop productivity. Here, we summarized the positive effects and mechanisms involved in the correction of soil acidity, the alleviation of aluminum toxicity and the increase of soil pH buffering capacity by crop residue biochars. The carbonate, oxygen-containing functional groups and silicates in biochars are the major components responsible for their efficacy in amending acidic soils and resisting soil re-acidification. We conclude that application of crop residue biochars may be a better option than traditional liming to ameliorate acidic soils. Nonetheless, further researches into soil acidification are still required to address some issues that are controversial and poorly understood. 相似文献
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为指导大豆-油菜轮作中硼肥的合理高效施用,采用田间随机区组试验研究硼砂(B,Na2B4O7·10H2O)、Etibor-48(EB,Na2B4O7·5H2O)和Colemanite(CB,Ca2B6O11·5H2O)三种硼肥在大豆-油菜轮作中的肥效及其后效对作物产量的影响。试验设3个施硼水平,分别为不施硼(-B)、正常施硼量(纯硼用量1. 70kg/hm~2,其中B1,施B 15 kg/hm~2; EB1,施EB 11.3 kg/hm~2; CB1,施CB 16.2 kg/hm~2)和两倍施硼量(纯硼用量3.40 kg/hm~2,其中B2,施B 30 kg/hm~2; EB2,施EB 22.7 kg/hm~2; CB2,施CB 32.4 kg/hm~2),共7个处理。结果表明,按正常施硼量基施B、EB和CB,第一季大豆分别增产9.4%、9.1%和10.0%;两倍施硼量时B2和EB2处理大豆产量略有降低,CB2处理大豆增产9.1%,但所有试验处理产量均无显著差异,表明在土壤有效硼含量0.49 mg/kg时,大豆施硼增产效果不显著。基施硼肥能较好地改善土壤有效硼,在一定程度上提高后两季作物产量,第二季油菜增产7.3%～36.2%,同一种硼肥两倍施硼量处理比正常施硼量增产幅度更大;第三季大豆增产9.0%～22.3%,同一种硼肥正常施硼量处理时增产效果更好。由不同硼肥种类和施肥量下大豆-油菜轮作中三季作物的增产情况得出,在土壤有效硼0.49 mg/kg条件下,基施硼肥用量为纯硼用量1.70 kg/hm~2。具有较强缓释性的硼肥EB和CB在三季作物中均有较好的增产效果,正常施硼条件下EB效果优于CB,两倍施硼量条件下CB效果更好。结果将为大豆-油菜轮作模式下不同硼肥的合理高效施用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
Di WU Allan A. ANDALES Hui YANG Qing SUN Shichao CHEN Xiuwei GUO Donghao LI Taisheng DU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2021,8(4):545-558
9.
为了解不同Cd污染农田土壤上炭基改良剂的治理效果,运用土壤医生理念,针对广东省韶关和云浮3个重金属Cd污染状况和土壤理化性质不同的区域农田分别设计了3种以生物炭为主要原料,搭配石灰、有机肥等不同辅料的3种生物炭基土壤改良剂,并进行了大田应用试验,同时归纳总结设计原则,评价设计的3种改良剂对Cd污染农田的治理效果。结果表明：在3个区域施用的改良剂均不会降低作物的产量,在Cd污染严重的酸性土壤上有显著增产的效果（增产效果达到383.03%）;同时施加3种不同配方的炭基改良剂均可以有效降低作物可食用部位的Cd含量,分别是对照的33.33%、46.88%和42.86%,使3个试验区的农产品可食用部分Cd含量均达到国家标准;施用炭基改良剂,可有效降低土壤中酸溶态Cd的含量,尤其是在酸性较强、Cd污染程度高的土壤中,能够将土壤中活性和生物可利用形态的Cd含量降低18.28%。综上所述,根据土壤理化性质、污染程度和修复目的来针对性设计以生物炭为基础的炭基改良剂可以保障作物产量,提高作物品质,实现对南方Cd污染土壤的改良。 相似文献
10.
《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,70(2):198-208
The Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus) is an important source of income in hillside regions of Colombia. However, growers have little reliable information on the factors that affect the development and yield of the crop, and therefore there is a dearth of information on how to effectively manage the crop. Site specific information recorded by small-scale producers of the Andean blackberry on their production systems and soils coupled with publicly available meteorological data was used to develop models of such production systems. Multilayer perceptrons and Self-Organizing Maps were used as computational models in the identification and visualization of the most important variables for modeling the production of Andean blackberry. Artificial neural networks were trained with information from 20 sites in Colombia where the Andean blackberry is cultivated. Multilayer perceptrons predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy the production response of the crop. The soil depth, the average temperature, external drainage, and the accumulated precipitation of the first month before harvest were critical determinants of productivity. A proxy variable of location was used to describe overall differences in management between farmers groups. The use of this proxy indicated that, even under essentially similar environmental conditions, large differences in production could be assigned to management effects. The information obtained can be used to determine sites that are suitable for Andean blackberry production, and to transfer of management practices from sites of high productivity to sites with similar environmental conditions which currently have lower levels of productivity. 相似文献
11.
Daniel Jimnez James Cock Hctor F. Satizbal Miguel A. Barreto S Andrs Prez-Uribe Andy Jarvis Patrick Van Damme 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2009,69(2):198-208
The Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus) is an important source of income in hillside regions of Colombia. However, growers have little reliable information on the factors that affect the development and yield of the crop, and therefore there is a dearth of information on how to effectively manage the crop. Site specific information recorded by small-scale producers of the Andean blackberry on their production systems and soils coupled with publicly available meteorological data was used to develop models of such production systems. Multilayer perceptrons and Self-Organizing Maps were used as computational models in the identification and visualization of the most important variables for modeling the production of Andean blackberry. Artificial neural networks were trained with information from 20 sites in Colombia where the Andean blackberry is cultivated. Multilayer perceptrons predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy the production response of the crop. The soil depth, the average temperature, external drainage, and the accumulated precipitation of the first month before harvest were critical determinants of productivity. A proxy variable of location was used to describe overall differences in management between farmers groups. The use of this proxy indicated that, even under essentially similar environmental conditions, large differences in production could be assigned to management effects. The information obtained can be used to determine sites that are suitable for Andean blackberry production, and to transfer of management practices from sites of high productivity to sites with similar environmental conditions which currently have lower levels of productivity. 相似文献
12.
The influence of fertilizers on grain crop rotation productivity and dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen reserves has been studied in a field experiment on the gray forest soils of the Upper Volga region to develop crop rotation productivity management models. Organic fertilizers have included cattle, chicken, and goose manure and have been applied in various doses. The experimental design has included variants of applying mineral fertilizers (NPK) and their combination with NK and organic fertilizers. It has been established that more than 90% of crop rotation productivity variations accrue to nitrogen in organic and mineral fertilizers; in the light of their interaction, this figure rises to 96.8%. A close power-law or hyperbolical relation has been discovered between the average crop rotation productivity and the average annual nitrate nitrogen reserves in the early crop vegetation. The same kind of relation for this period has been discovered between the first parameter and the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen reserves in the soil solution (mobile nitrogen stock). It is proposed to estimate the mobile nitrogen stock by the mobilization nitrogen pool that depends on the dose of nitrogen in mineral and organic fertilizers. 相似文献
13.
于2009年对肇源县主要乡镇农区土壤进行采集,并通过引用养分丰缺指标,根据主栽作物的氮、磷、钾、微量元素需要规律,对土壤肥力情况进行测定。结果表明：肇源县土壤容重在1.2～1.3g.cm-3,土壤结构较好,pH呈中性,碱解氮和速效钾含量处于较高水平,速效磷含量处于中等水平,有效锌和硼含量处于缺乏水平。因此,应重点推广配方肥料,增施有机肥料,且有机肥和无机肥配合施用。 相似文献
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政和县耕地土壤检测结果表明：耕地土壤有机质含量丰富,全氮、碱解氮、有效磷处于中等水平,速效钾、有效锌含量丰富,有效硼处于缺乏水平,微酸性土壤面积有所增加,耕地土壤的保肥供肥性总体较差,耕地总体质量中等,以中产耕地占多数.并提出相应的耕地改良利用对策. 相似文献
17.
Linking changes in the soil microbial community to C and N dynamics during crop residue decomposition 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cyrine REZGUI Isabelle TRINSOUTROT-GATTIN Marie BENOIT Karine LAVAL Wassila RIAH-ANGLET 《农业科学学报》2021,20(11):3039-3059
Crop residues are among the main inputs that allow the organic carbon (C) and nutrients to be maintained in agricultural soil. It is an important management strategy that can improve soil fertility and enhance agricultural productivity. This work aims to evaluate the extent of the changes that may occur in the soil heterotrophic microbial communities involved in organic matter decomposition and C and nitrogen (N) mineralization after the addition of crop residues. Soil microcosm experiments were performed at 28°C for 90 days with the addition of three crop residues with contrasting biochemical qualities: pea (Pisum sativum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Enzyme activities, C and N mineralization, and bacterial and fungal biomasses were monitored, along with the bacterial and fungal community composition, by the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes. The addition of crop residues caused decreases in β-glucosidase and arylamidase activities and simultaneous enhancement of the C mineralization and net N immobilization, which were linked to changes in the soil microbial communities. The addition of crop residues decreased the bacterial and fungal biomasses 90 days after treatment and there were shifts in bacterial and fungal diversity at the phyla, order, and genera levels. Some specific orders and genera were dependent on crop residue type. For example, Chloroflexales, Inquilinus, Rubricoccus, Clitocybe, and Verticillium were identified in soils with pea residues; whereas Thermoanaerobacterales, Thermacetogenum, and Hypoxylon were enriched in soils with rapeseed residues, and Halanaerobiales, Rubrobacter, and Volutella were only present in soils with wheat residues. The findings of this study suggest that soil C and N dynamics in the presence of the crop residues were driven by the selection of specific bacterial and fungal decomposers linked to the biochemical qualities of the crop residues. If crop residue decomposition processes showed specific bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) signatures, this study also suggests a strong functional redundancy that exists among soil microbial communities. 相似文献
18.
通过对汉源县花椒土壤理化特性的分析表明,土壤有效硼含量为0—0.1445ppm,远远低于0.5ppm的临界值含量。土壤有效硼含量与花椒产量显著正相关(r=0.708)。土壤缺硼是导致花椒落花落果和低产的重要原因。花椒施硼肥能极显著地增加座果率,在花椒萌发期和开花末期分别以0.2％硼溶液根外喷施,能收到增加花椒座果率和提高花椒产量的良好效果。 相似文献
19.
Soil Quality Assessment of Acid Sulfate Paddy Soils with Different Productivities in Guangdong Province,China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIU Zhan-jun ZHOU Wei SHEN Jian-bo LI Shu-tian LIANG Guo-qing WANG Xiu-bin SUN Jing-wen AI Chao 《农业科学学报》2014,13(1):177-186
Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total nitrogen (TN), available silicon (ASi), pH and available zinc (AZn) were retained in the minimum data set (MDS). After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index (SQI), and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K (AK) were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions. 相似文献
20.
贵州黔东武陵山区中低产田土壤改良利用与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用土壤普查和农业区划的科技成果,对黔东武陵山区中低产田土的区域特点、类型、主导障碍因素等方面进行分类,并根据中低产田类型进行综合治理。根据中低产田土的障碍类型和改良主攻方向,划分为干旱灌溉型、瘠薄培肥型、渍潜排水型3种类型,根据中低产田类型特征和改良对策,采取综合治理技术,取得了显著的改土培肥和增产增收效果。采取完善配套工程、耕作培肥和农业技术措施,实现了以治本和治标相结合,土壤改良技术和农业增产技术相结合,注重消除土壤障碍因素,培肥熟化土壤,当年改造受益,有效改善农业生产、生态条件,增强稻田综合生产能力,提高基础地力水平;开展了6类试验研究,为项目实施提供了科学依据,3种类型中低产田土提高耕地地力0.5~1.5个等级,达到改土培肥、改善农产品质量,增产增收,取得了显著效果。 相似文献