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1.
为了优化光生物反应器培养微藻的条件, 研究了在充空气的基础补充CO2 对光生物反应器培养新月菱形藻(N itz schiaceae clos terium )生长和光合作用的影响。实验表明, 补充CO2 (含1 000LL /L CO2 的空气)促进新月菱形藻的生长, 藻细胞密度和生物量显著高于对照组( CO2含量350LL /L) (P < 0. 05)。补充CO2 也能够提高藻细胞叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量(P < 0.05),但是对叶绿素b没有显著影响(P > 0. 05) 。补充CO2 能够显著提高指数生长期的最大光合速率( Pm )、光合作用效率( A) 和光合作用饱和光强( Ik ) (P < 0. 05)。结果表明, CO2是光生物反应器培养微藻的限制因子之一, 补充CO2 能够提高微藻的生物量。 相似文献
2.
The feasibility of large-scale bloom induction of nutritionally suited natural phytoplankton species, to feed a semi-industrial nursery of edible shellfish, built on the Belgian coast, was tested.The outdoor microalgal production unit consisted of four tanks of 100 m2 surface each (two of 1 m depth and two of 0·5 m depth), equipped with different mixing devices.The cultures were run as chemostats in which seawater was enriched with commercial inorganic N, P, and Si fertilizers. Depending on the season, between 5–10 and 80% of the culture volume could be harvested daily, with algal densities ranging from 50 000 to 500 000 cells per ml.By manipulation of operational parameters such as detention time, nutrient levels and nutrient ratios (N:Si:P), unsuited or less suited species of algae (e.g. Chlorella and Phaeodactylum) could be replaced by more desirable species (e.g. Skeletonema, Nitzschia, Chaetoceros).Various biological and technological problems encountered during year round operation, including collapsing of the culture, seawater enrichment, water quality, fouling and water treatment, are commented. 相似文献
3.
- 1. Rapid assessment protocols for determining and monitoring the status of any given coral reef are provided and include measuring: (a) standing stocks of functional indicator groups, (b) herbivore populations, (c) water‐column nutrient levels, (d) tissue C:N:P ratios, (e) algal physiological‐response assays, and (f) herbivory assays. These measurements can reveal quantitative tipping‐point levels beyond which resilience to undesirable phase shifts begins to become critically reduced. Universal tipping‐point approximations are reviewed for inorganic nutrients, and posited for the first time for herbivory.
- 2. The relative roles of top‐down and bottom‐up controls in determining benthic community structure and the health of coral reefs are especially important management concerns. This paper specifically addresses the top‐down effects of herbivory and bottom‐up effects of nutrient enrichment on critical indicator groups, i.e. reef‐building corals, crustose coralline algae, dense turf algae and frondose macroalgae.
- 3. A predominance of (a) massive corals and calcareous coralline algae relative to frondose macroalgae and algal turfs indicates a healthy spatially heterogeneous condition reflecting low nutrients and high herbivory. An abundance of (b) frondose macroalgae illustrates the least desirable condition of elevated nutrient levels and reduced herbivory, possibly reflecting pollution in concert with destructive herbivore fishing practices. High coverage of (c) coralline algae suggests healthy high herbivory levels, but problems with elevated nutrients that are inhibitory to some corals. Domination by (d) dense turf algae indicates desirably low nutrient levels, but an inadequate herbivory component.
- 4. The fast growth and turnover rates of fleshy algae compared to other reef organisms highlight their value as early warning indicators of reef degradation.
- 5. From a management perspective, levels of herbivory and nutrients rank among the most useful quantitative indicators of coral reef resilience; whereas, the degree of degradation and mortality are inferred from the above functional indicator groups of benthic primary producers.
4.
光养生物膜是河流生态系统中重要的初级生产者,在河流生物地球化学循环中扮演重要角色。然而,河流水文状态及营养盐差异引起的生境异质性对光养生物膜藻类的影响未知。本研究在微型跑道池模拟流水(0.5 m/s)和静水(0 m/s)条件的基础上,通过设置不同浓度氮(1.51, 2.51和5.51 mg/L)、磷(0.1, 0.2和0.4 mg/L)及氮磷比(8, 16和32)条件培养野外采集的原位生物膜及人工基质,探究水文分异和营养变化对河流光养生物膜藻类物种组成及密度的影响。非度量多维排序(NMDS)分析结果表明,差异水文条件下,原位和建群生物膜藻类群落在梯度氮、磷和氮磷比环境中均呈现明显分离(PERMANOVA,P < 0.001),且建群生物膜中各分组藻类群落具有更明显的差异。双因素方差分析结果表明,生物膜中硅藻、蓝藻和绿藻的生长对营养盐与水文变化的响应并不一致,其中磷处理中,磷与流速单一及其交互效应显著影响了大多数藻类的生长及建群(P < 0.001);而氮处理中,氮与流速的交互效应仅对建群生物膜藻类影响显著(P < 0.001)。研究结果也发现,藻类在静水环境更有利于建群生物膜的形成,且静水-高营养盐环境更有利于蓝藻和绿藻的生长。这些结果说明,生物膜建群初期易受到水文扰动的影响,且水文分异和氮、磷影响了光养生物膜藻类的响应模式,研究为河流生态保护提供了新视角。 相似文献
5.
硝化细菌对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
细菌和藻类共同参与水生态系统中的营养再生和物质循环,研究菌藻之间的关系对调控水生态系统具有重要的意义.本研究通过菌藻共同培养,研究硝化细菌在不同环境条件下对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的影响.结果表明,108 cells/mL和 109 cells/mL的硝化细菌对铜绿微囊藻有微弱的抑... 相似文献
6.
In hatchery, an adequate supply of live food for first‐feeding fish larvae is essential and nutritional quality of live food organisms can be improved through nutrient enrichment. The use of live food organisms, especially at first feeding, is a requisite for most marine fish larvae. In ocean, marine fish larvae primarily feed on copepods, but the production protocols of copepods as live food is underdeveloped in hatchery. As the food ingestion and the digestive system of copepods are different from other live food organisms (e.g. rotifers), the nutrition enrichment procedures with emulsion oil used in rotifers is not effective on copepods. This review focuses on alteration of nutrient composition of copepods through manipulation of copepod food before they are fed to fish larvae. Specifically, we discuss the relationship between the changes of fatty acid compositions in dietary algae and in copepods. The review links nutrient supply to copepods and the change of nutrition in copepods and suggests ways to improve copepod nutrition in hatcheries. 相似文献
7.
Hatchery cultivation of Pacific oyster juveniles using algae produced in outdoor bloom-tanks 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Algae were bloomed as batch cultures by adding fertilizers to natural seawater in 500 l outdoor tanks, from mid-June to mid-August, over a period of 2 y. In the first year of experiments the bloomed algae were fed to Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) juveniles at a range of rations from 0.06 to 1.63 g (organic weight of algae) g–1 (live weight of spat) week–1. At rations of 0.5 g g–1 week–1 or higher, growth rates of juveniles were similar (mean, 97%) to those fed a control diet of intensively cultured algae (Tetraselmis suecica Kylin) Butch and Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano at a ration of 0.3 g g–1 week–1). In the second year, the bloomed algae were fed at a ration of 0.5 g g–1 week–1 throughout all the experiments, and gave growth rates of 70–98% (mean, 85.6%), compared with the control diet. The proportion (by weight) of the diet consumed by the juveniles was about 70% for the control diet and 78% for the bloomed algae. Total lipid and essential fatty acid content of the bloomed algae were similar and total carbohydrate content was lower, when compared with typical published values for intensively cultured algae food species. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
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9.
Effects of Rotifer and Artemia Fatty-Acid Enrichment on Survival, Growth and Pigmentation of Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Larvae 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Edward P. Baker David Alves David A. Bengtson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(4):494-498
Abstract— Enrichment of live food for marine fish larvae with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) has been shown to improve survival, growth and stress resistance in many species and to decrease pigmentation abnormalities in flatfish. In order to aid the developing summer flounder industry, we conducted an experiment in which summer flounder larvae were fed diets differing in HUFA composition to determine whether enrichment with a commercially available product would increase survival and growth and reduce the incidence of abnormal pigmentation. We also examined whether growing unenriched rotifers on different species of algae would affect the survival, growth and pigmentation of the flounder larvae to which they were fed. Growth of summer flounder larvae was significantly better when they were fed HUFA-enriched Mtifers and Artemia rather than unenriched and, among the unenriched treatments, was significantly better when the larvae were fed rotifers raised on Isochrysis galbana rather than on Tetraselmis suecica . The percentage of larvae that failed to complete metamorphosis during the experiment was significantly higher in the unenriched treatments than in the enriched treatments. Neither survival nor percentage of individuals with pigmentation abnormalities were significantly different among the treatments. 相似文献
10.
探究光照强度对小球藻生长的影响,为香溪河水华预测提供理论依据。小球藻藻种为香溪河河水中平板分裂后逐步纯化所得。培养箱为40 L的方形塑料箱,四周用遮光布严实包裹。培养液30 L。培养液为用放置24 h后的自来水稀释25倍后的BG-11标准培养基,磷浓度0.285 mg/L,氮浓度9.48 mg/L,p H值7.3~7.8。恒温加热棒控制水温24℃。以平行布置的8根日光灯管作为光源,开关不同数量的日光灯管设定光强梯度,光照梯度为0、800、1 500、2 400、3 200、4 500、6 000 lx。采用电磁式真空泵曝气,曝气比率设置为10%。设置2组平行实验,每个培养箱中加入处理后的藻液10 m L。实验过程为期12d,每天上午8∶00取样,监测指标为光密度、叶绿素a、溶解性总磷、溶解性总氮。结果表明,光照强度在800~1 500 lx时易发生长周期的绿藻水华,绿藻水华转变为蓝藻水华的可能性低;3 200~4 500 lx时易发生短周期的绿藻水华;6 000 lx时发生蓝藻水华的风险很大。香溪河在光照强度小于3 200 lx时不必做蓝藻水华防御措施;光照强度大于4 500 lx时,需提前做适当的蓝藻水华防御措施。 相似文献
11.
摘要：电解锰行业较聚集的松桃河流域锰污染问题突出，但其水生生态系统的风险尚不明确。本文根据现场调研和监测，了解了松桃河主要藻类的分布和生长情况，并对松桃河的水质指标、底泥和藻类的金属含量进行了研究和数据分析。结果发现：松桃河有藻类聚集生长的区域较少，主要在部分河水流速较缓、周边有居民区的受污染河段发现了附着在河底石块上生长茂盛的水绵属（Spirogyra）和刚毛藻属（Cladophora）丝状藻群落；松桃河水体中的主要污染物为氨氮和锰，流经锰聚集区的河段超标情况明显，丝状藻和底泥的Mn含量均较高且呈现出明显的空间差异，但两者的金属元素含量特征存在明显的差异，丝状藻呈现出对金属离子选择性的累积，特别是对Mn的累积能力较强，同时水绵属丝状藻和刚毛藻属丝状藻也展现出对金属元素累积能力的差异性；丝状藻中的Mn等金属元素主要来自底泥，其次来自河流，丝状藻的锰含量比较综合的反映了河流的锰污染水平和累积情况；松桃河的活体丝状藻对Mn的富集系数达到2.6以上，显示了超强的锰富集和耐受能力，具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
12.
The effect of different nutrient media on growth, physicochemical, and agar properties of the marine algae Gracilaria cliftonii was investigated in ocean water (OW) and inland saline water (ISW). G. cliftonii fronds were cultured in 500-mL and 25-L containers with different nutrient media: Aquasol, Total, Guillard f2, Walnes, and Modified-Provasoli's Enriched Seawater in OW and ISW at 35 ppt. Specific growth rate (SGR) was higher in OW than ISW irrespective of nutrient media in both volumes. Growth of G. cliftonii in Guillard f2-supplemented OW was significantly higher than other nutrient media in both water types. Nutrient media had no influence on growth and agar properties. However, f2?supplemented OW resulted in significantly higher agar yield (58.3% db) as compared to other media. Either f2 or Walnes media are preferred nutrient sources for culturing G. cliftonii in ocean and inland saline water. 相似文献
13.
John Castell Tammy Blair Steven Neil Kenneth Howes Sarah Mercer John Reid Wilfred Young-Lai Brandi Gullison Philippe Dhert Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(1-2):109-117
A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock. 相似文献
14.
为了解生物操纵和恢复水生植被的抑藻效果,分别以大型溞(Daphnia magna)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)作为浮游动物和大型沉水植物的代表,以小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、小球藻(Chlorella vugaris)和铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)作为浮游植物的代表,在温度25℃、光照度2 600-3 000 lx和光暗比14 h∶10 h的条件下,研究三种藻共培养和单一加入大型溞、金鱼藻以及同时加入大型溞和金鱼藻时各自生物量的变化。结果表明:三种藻共培养时,最终铜绿微囊藻占总藻细胞数的95.9%,成为优势种;单一加入大型溞或金鱼藻时,三种藻的增长被显著抑制,特别是铜绿微囊藻,最终小球藻占优势,单一加入大型溞的抑制效果更好;同时加入大型溞和金鱼藻时,大型溞的数量增加了55.6倍,金鱼藻的质量增加了42%,三种藻提前进入衰减状态,小环藻、小球藻和铜绿微囊藻达到最大藻细胞密度时的增殖抑制率分别为36.02%、-5.46%、99.91%,大型浮游动物和沉水植物的联合作用能更好地控制浮游藻类的增殖。 相似文献
15.
为探讨短期内Nualgi营养素对池塘水质和藻类群落结构的影响,本研究在池塘中的不透水有底帆布围隔内共设计了4个试验组,依次分别添加Nualgi营养素(M1组)、补充硅藻藻种(M2组)、同时添加Nualgi营养素并补充硅藻藻种(M3组)、不做任何处理的空白对照(C组)。经过近一个月的试验,结果显示:各组的pH值、DO、TN、TP之间没有显著性差异;Nualgi可以显著降低水体中IP的含量,M1组和M3组的IP显著低于M2组和C组;M1组、M2组和M3组中的NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和CODMn含量显著低于C组,表明Nualgi和硅藻藻种都可以显著降低水体中NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和CODMn的含量,对养殖水质具有显著的调控效果。试验各组的藻类种群极为丰富,试验期间共检出浮游植物7门109属186种,其中绿藻门47属86种,硅藻门26属48种,蓝藻门18属27种,裸藻门11属17种,甲藻门3属3种,隐藻门2属3种,金藻门2属2种。结果显示:添加Nualgi和补充硅藻藻种都可以有效提高水体中硅藻的生物量并抑制绿藻和蓝藻的生长,同时可以改变水体中浮游植物的群落结构,试验进行到第20天时,M1组、M2组和M3组中硅藻的生物量均显著高于C组,绿藻和蓝藻的生物量显著低于C组。试验中,颗粒直链藻在M1组、M2组和M3组中成为优势藻种,但并未在C组中成为优势藻种,小空星藻和四足十字藻仅在C组中成为优势藻种,四尾栅藻在M1组、M2组和C组中均成为优势藻种。在试验期内,各试验组之间的多样性指数没有显著差异,香农-威纳指数均在2.00以上,表明Nualgi和硅藻藻种并没有影响到水体中藻类的多样性。 相似文献
16.
James M. Biedenbach Linda L. Smith Tamara K. Thomsen Addison L. Lawrence 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(2):61-71
Penueus vannumei larvae (P2 through M3 ) and early postlarvae (<24 h old postlarva) were fed diets consisting of algae-only, nematodes ( Panugrellus redivivus ) plus algae or Artemia plus algae. Growth (dry biomass gain) of second and third stage protozoea larvae fed the nematodealgae diet was significantly better than that of larvae fed the Artemia-algae diet. From the first mysis through the postlarval substage (<24 h old), growth of shrimp fed the nematodealgae diet equalled that of larvae fed the Artemia-algae diet. All larval substages fed nematodes plus algae accumulated significantly greater biomass than those fed a diet of only algae. Survival and percent metamorphosis of larvae fed nematodes plus algae did not differ significantly from that of larvae fed either Artemia plus algae or algae alone. A nematodealgae feeding regime, which potentially yields growth, survival and metamorphosis equal to that obtained on the standard Artemia plus algae regime, is proposed for P. vannamei . 相似文献
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18.
应用室内培养实验方法研究了不同组成氮盐(TN)和磷盐(TP)对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻的生长状况很好地符合Logistic生长模型,进一步研究表明,铜绿微囊藻存在营养盐生长阈值CTP、CTN,分别为1.8mg/L和25.0mg/L,当TP、TN的初始浓度分别小于CTP和CTN时,随其初始浓度的增加会促进铜绿微囊藻的生长,但当初始浓度大于营养盐生长阈值时,随营养盐初始浓度的增加反而会逐渐限制其生长,表明铜绿微囊藻存在一个适宜生长的(TN∶TP)最佳值,为TN/TP=14∶1。 相似文献
19.
E.A. Seymour 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1980,19(1):55-74
It has been demonstrated that large quantities of ammonia may be released into the water of a fish pond following the collapse of an algal bloom. Some blue-green algae are thought to release toxins. This paper puts forward another explanation for this occurrence. A review of the disease known as Infectious Dropsy of Carp (IDC) based on the findings of this paper shows it to be caused by ammonia. Various methods to counteract this disease are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the policy concerning the addition of fertilizers. It is shown that dense blooms of nitrogen-fixing algae can be controlled by manipulation of the nitrogen: phosphorus balance of ponds. Determination of the aetiology of carp dropsy will probably lead to a better understanding of other diseases of fish which are manifested by similar symptoms. The disease of trout known as Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) is discussed in this context. For clarification it is proposed that infectious dropsy of carp be renamed Environmental Ammonotelic Syndrome (EAS). 相似文献
20.
This study compared the efficacy of four products that are commonly used in hatchery for nutritional enhancement of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as the starter food for yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi larvae. This experiment consisted of one fresh algae and three enrichment products: (1) Fresh algae were a mixture of Nannochloropsis and Isochrysis at 2:1 on a cell concentration basis; (2) S.presso, (Selco S.presso ®, INVE Aquaculture); (3) Algamac 3050® (Aquafauna, USA); (4) Nutrokol ® (Nutra‐Kol, Australia). Survival rates of the fish fed rotifers enriched with fresh microalgae (40.69%) and S.presso (31.21%) were higher than those fed Algamac 3050 (10.31%). On 3 day post hatch (DPH), fish feeding incidence in the fresh algae treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. On 6 DPH, fish showed the lowest feeding incidence in the Algamac 3050 treatment. The methods of enrichment did not affect total lipid levels in either rotifer or fish larvae, but Algamac 3050 enrichment achieved the highest DHA/EPA ratio and lowest EPA/ARA ratio in both rotifers and fish larvae. This study indicates that fresh algae can be replaced by S.presso, but Algamac 3050 is not as good as other formula for rotifer enrichment in rearing yellowtail kingfish larvae in this system. 相似文献