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1.
分别对叶子花、咖啡和蝴Ｂａ兰３种热带作物细菌性病害进行症状描述，并测定其病原菌的致病性、细菌学性状，寄主范围以及血清学反应。其病原菌分别鉴定为须芒草假单细胞、丁香假单胞菌咖啡致病变种和菊疫欧氏菌。  相似文献   

2.
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3.
Rice plant harbors numerous prokaryotes in which some are pathogenic, some are beneficial with promoting growth of plant or antagonistic against pathogens, and most of them are “neutral” ones with unknown functions. The earliest report on rice bacterial diseases was recorded more than 120 years ago [1]. Over 20 bacterial species were reported to be associated with the rice diseases [2-3]. Recently environmental protectionists are paying more attention to control the release of toxic chemical…  相似文献   

4.
The aim of this study is to identify the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens involved in the process of surgical site infection, in surgical wards. Changes made in the pattern of antibiotic use will result in different microorganism susceptibility patterns, which needs correct determination for precise empiric antibiotic therapy. One thousand patients (62% men and 38% women, 18- 74-years-old, with mean age 43 +/- 8)) who underwent surgical treatment, in Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran, were studied from 2005 to 2006. Surgical wound infections, based on the reported criteria, were aspirated for culturing within 1 plus gram staining of prepared smears. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined for samples and all derived data were compared by SPSS 13 and WHO net 5 software. The prevalence of SSI was 13.3% with 150 positive cultures, totally. Of 150 bacteria, isolated from surgical site infections Staphylococcus aureus had most frequency (43%). Resistance of isolated organisms was 41.7% in amikacin, 65 and 78.6% in ceftazidime, 85.7% in ceftriaxone, 61.5% in ciprofloxacin, 78.8% in gentamicine, 6.4% in imipenem, 13% in meropenem and 70.6% in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. 78.9% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were MRSA and vancomycine was the most effective antibiotic without any resistance. Among 10 isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus, no vancomycine resistance was seen, but in contrast all cases were resistant to oxacillin. The most common gram negative organism was Klebsiella (18 isolates) in which 100 and 80% were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. Seventeen cases were E. coli, in which the most sensitivity was to meropenem (80%) and imipenem (77.8%). Thirteen cases of Pseudomonas were detected, in which 16.7% were resistant to imipenem and 8.3% to meropenem. Our results demonstrated that the total antibiotic resistance is increasing among SSIs, with an up sloping pattern, which will contact with a constant empiric antibiotic therapy. So, precise up to date antibiogram tantalize us toward balancing the rate of total antibiotic resistance to SSIs.  相似文献   

5.
甜菜四种细菌性病害的鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
吉林省甜菜发现有四种细菌病害,其中两种为叶斑病、两种为根病。经对其症状观察和病原细菌的分离、致病性测定,细菌的形态、培养性状、生理生化等系统鉴定,确认两种叶部病害为甜菜细菌性斑点病Pseudomonassyringae pv.apiata(Brown and Jamieson)Young et al和甜菜细菌性叶斑病Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.betae(Keyworth Howell andBowson)Collins and Jones.两种根病为甜菜根癌病Agrobacterium tume-faciens(Smith and Townsend)Conn.和甜菜根软腐病Erwinia Caroto-vora subsp.Carotovora(Jones)Bergey et al.  相似文献   

6.
以传统豆制品白干和薄百叶为材料,对贮藏过程中主要腐败微生物进行分离鉴定。利用纯培养的方法共筛选出菌落形态差别比较明显的菌株19株。对细菌菌株进行形态观察、革兰氏染色和生理生化鉴定,同时对细菌和酵母菌纯培养物提取DNA,分别进行16S rDNA和26S rDNA PCR扩增,PCR产物经测序后与NCBI中已知序列进行比对和鉴定,确定各细菌和酵母菌菌株的种属;霉菌纯培养物染色后观察孢子繁殖形态,最终确定这些菌株的种属。结果表明:白干和薄百叶中共有的优势腐败菌是溶酪葡萄球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,约翰逊不动杆菌,戊糖片球菌;季也蒙毕赤酵母,皮状丝孢酵母;圆弧青霉和黄绿青霉。此外,白干中还有诞沫假丝酵母;薄百叶中有浅黄假单胞菌,芸苔丝孢酵母。  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus as probable agents associated with naturally occurring infection of the equine upper respiratory disease in Mashhad area. Nasal swabs samples from thirty horses with upper respiratory tract infections were collected. The bacteria isolated and identified were Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (1 isolate), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (25 isolates), Pasteurella sp. (11 isolates), Staphylococcus sp. (17 isolates), Bacillus sp. (4 isolates), Pseudomonas sp. (4 isolates), Proteus sp. (1 isolate), Neisseria sp. (1 isolate) and E. coli (1 isolate). All 25 isolates of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and the isolate of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi were characterized by biochemical tests and molecular techniques. For molecular identification of the subspecies S. equi and S. zooepidemicus two genomic region SeM and sodA were amplified. This study is the first report of molecular identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in Iran.  相似文献   

8.
Fusarium is one of the most important pathogenic and toxigenic fungi widely distributed all over the world, including Iran. Fusarium species are found frequently in stored agriculture products especially wheat. The objective of this study was to identify Fusarium species associated with stored wheat seeds and their pathogenicity on root and head of wheat in Kermanshah, the leading province in wheat production in Iran. In this survey 75 seed samples of stored wheat were collected from 10 different regions during 2006-2008 and tested for the presence of Fusarium. Fusarium spp. were found in 51 (68%) of 75 samples. A total of 580 Fusarium strains were isolated, identified and preserved. All these strains belong to 20 Fusarium spp. according to morphological characters. Each conidial suspension of selected strains representing all species was evaluated for their pathogenicity on roots and spikes of healthy wheat var. Fallat in the greenhouse. F. graminearum, F. crookwellense, F. trichothecioides, F. culmorum and F. verticillioides were the most pathogenic to wheat's head. Foot rot assessment revealed that F. pseudograminearum and F. culmorum were the most damaging species. Of the Fusarium isolates, F. graminearum was the most prevalent followed by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. This is the first comprehensive report on identity and distribution of Fusarium spp. from stored wheat seeds in Iran while F. nelsonii was reported for the first time from wheat seeds in Iran.  相似文献   

9.
Dahiya R  Gautam H 《Marine drugs》2010,8(8):2384-2394
The present study deals with the first total synthesis of the proline-rich cyclopolypeptide stylisin 2 via a solution phase technique by coupling of the Boc-L-Pro-L-Ile-L-Pro-OH tripeptide unit with the L-Phe-L-Pro-L-Pro-L-Tyr-OMe tetrapeptide unit, followed by cyclization of the resulting linear heptapeptide fragment. The chemical structure of the finally synthesized peptide was elucidated by FTIR, 1H/13C-NMR and FAB MS spectral data, as well as elemental analyses. The newly synthesized peptide was subjected to antimicrobial screening against eight pathogenic microbes and found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, in addition to moderate antidermatophyte activity against pathogenic Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii when compared to standard drugs--gatifloxacin and griseofulvin.  相似文献   

10.
大豆疫霉根腐病是世界范围内危害严重的毁灭性大豆病害,筛选内生菌进行生物防治是未来该病害防治的重要发展方向。以大豆根系为材料筛选得到67株内生细菌,采用平板对峙生长实验,发现其中18株对大豆疫霉菌的菌丝生长具有抑制作用,其中以A2、A4、A7和B8效果最佳,抑制率分别达到72.8%、55.5%、76.0%和87.1%。利用无菌发酵滤液与大豆疫霉孢子共培养发现,A2和A4对孢子萌发具有明显抑制效果,抑制率达75.4%和85.8%。盆栽实验表明,A2和A4无菌发酵滤液能使经大豆疫霉孢子侵染后的大豆种子萌发率由63.1%分别提高到80.0%和80.3%,健康幼苗率由31.4%提高到45.7%和50.9%。根据16S rDNA序列系统发育分析,初步确定A2为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),A4、A7和B8皆为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。  相似文献   

11.
The microorganisms associated with fermented African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham) seed during ugba production was studied. Only bacteria were isolated from the ugba samples used. Although the bacteria included Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, only the Bacillus spp. were found to ferment African oil bean seeds to ugba. Bacillus spp. were the predominant microorganisms present, constituting over 95% of the total microbial population density. An increase in the number of Bacillus cells of about 2 log units daily, which attained a maximum density of log10 9.00 - log10 11.90 cfu/g after 3 days was observed. Contrarily, the Lactobacillus spp. increased minimally and attained a maximum value of log10 4.20 - log10 6.35 cfu/g within the same period. The Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. and the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae remained fairly steady in number for 24h, increased slightly till the 3rd day followed by exponential increases which attained maximum values of between log10 9.20 - log10 11.00, about the 7th day. Bacillus spp. cells also had the highest protease activities which were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the values for the other bacterial isolates. The Bacillus spp. responsible for the fermentation of African oil bean seeds to ugba were identified as Bacillus coagulans, B. macerans, B. megaterium, B. pumilis and B. subtilis.  相似文献   

12.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacteria recovered from bloodstream samples by Bactec 9240 at our hospital wards and to evaluate their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. During January 2001 through December 2004, 9407 referred blood samples in Bactec bottles from admitted patients at three main wards, neonates, pediatrics and adults at Nemazee Hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz were processed. Positive cultures were purified and identified according to standard methods. Sensitivity of bacteria to different antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus 132(25%), Escherichia coli 64(12.1%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 52(9.8%) were the most pathogenic bacteria which were recovered from the blood samples. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from blood samples of 305 (57.8%) at pediatrics, from 181 (34.2%) at adults and from 42 (8%) at neonates wards. The highest antibiotics activities against gram positive isolates observed for vancomycin (98.4%), chloramphenicol (86.4%) and ciprofloxacin (77.4%), while in gram negative bacteria imipenem (96.1%), ciprofloxacin (83%) and amikacin (77.9%), were effective antibiotics. Frequency of isolated bacteria at pediatrics compared to adults and neonates wards were approximately two and seven folds high, respectively which indicates special attention should be paid to pediatrics patients both in prevention and treatment aspects. Vancomycin and imipenim are the effective antibiotics and could cover majority of gram positive and negative bacteria. Therefore, combined administrations of these antibiotics seems mandatory for empirical therapy.  相似文献   

13.
香蕉组培苗果实的采后病害及防腐保鲜   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
对香蕉青果和贮藏期间的病果进行了分离培养和致病性测定,鉴定出潜伏侵染幼果的真菌有Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｍｕｓａｅ（Ｂｅｒｋ＆Ｃｕｒｔ．）Ａｒｘ,Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．Ｐｅｔａｌｏｔｉａｓｐ．和Ｍａｒｃｒｏｐｈｏｍａｍｕｓａｅ等,造成贮藏病害的主要病菌有Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｍｕｓａｅ,Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ;Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｓｐ;Ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｏｍａｍｕｓａｅ;Ｂｏｔｒｙｏｄｉ  相似文献   

14.
External otitis is a diffuse inflammation around the external auditory canal and auricle, which is often occurred by microbial infection. This disease is generally treated using antibiotics, but the frequent occurrence of antibiotic resistance requires the development of new antibiotic agents. In this context, unexplored bioactive natural candidates could be a chance for the production of targeted drugs provided with antimicrobial activity. In this paper, microbial pathogens were isolated from patients with external otitis using ear swabs for over one year, and the antimicrobial activity of the two methanol extracts from selected marine (Dunaliella salina) and freshwater (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) microalgae was tested on the isolated pathogens. Totally, 114 bacterial and 11 fungal strains were isolated, of which Staphylococcus spp. (28.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (24.8%) were the major pathogens. Only three Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and 11 coagulase-negative Staphylococci showed resistance to methicillin. The two algal extracts showed interesting antimicrobial properties, which mostly inhibited the growth of isolated S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. with MICs range of 1.4 × 109 to 2.2 × 1010 cells/mL. These results suggest that the two algae have potential as resources for the development of antimicrobial agents.  相似文献   

15.
Palytoxin (PLTX), one the most potent marine toxins, and/or its analogs, have been identified in different marine organisms, such as Palythoa soft corals, Ostreopsis dinoflagellates, and Trichodesmium cyanobacteria. Although the main concern for human health is PLTXs entrance in the human food chain, there is growing evidence of adverse effects associated with inhalational, cutaneous, and/or ocular exposure to aquarium soft corals contaminated by PLTXs or aquaria waters. Indeed, the number of case reports describing human poisonings after handling these cnidarians is continuously increasing. In general, the signs and symptoms involve mainly the respiratory (rhinorrhea and coughing), skeletomuscular (myalgia, weakness, spasms), cardiovascular (electrocardiogram alterations), gastrointestinal (nausea), and nervous (paresthesia, ataxia, tremors) systems or apparates. The widespread phenomenon, the entity of the signs and symptoms of poisoning and the lack of control in the trade of corals as aquaria decorative elements led to consider these poisonings an emerging sanitary problem. This review summarizes literature data on human poisonings due to, or ascribed to, PLTX-containing soft corals, focusing on the different PLTX congeners identified in these organisms and their toxic potential.  相似文献   

16.
The present study was aimed to identify the gene of drug resistance betalactamase producing bacteria and clinical features of the infected patients at Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia. Blood samples from the patients were collected, processed and betalactamase producing drug resistance bacteria were identified by antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genes of the drug resistance bacteria were detected and characterized by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 34 isolates of drug resistance Betalactamase producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were isolated from 2,502 patients. Most common drug resistance gene TEM was found in 50% of the isolates. 11% was found positive for both TEM and SHV. Next 11% of the isolates expressed only SHV genes. Clinical features of the patients were recorded from where the bacteria isolated. Regarding community affiliations 70.5% of the infected patients were Malay 17.6% were Indian and 11.7% were Chinese. Majority of the patients has an underlying pre-morbid condition as reflected by their diagnosis. Better infection control and hygiene in hospitals, plus controlled and prudent use of antibiotics, is required to minimize the impact of drug resistance betalactamase producing bacteria and the spread of infections.  相似文献   

17.
水稻上两类人体条件致病细菌的鉴别与检测   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
洋葱伯克氏菌（Burkholderia cepacia, Bc）和铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pa）既是农业上的生防菌又是医院的人体条件致病菌,了解它们的特征及在水稻上的分布情况是有效管理和利用这类原核生物的关键。在过去的9年中,利用常规细菌学、致病性测定、Biolog和脂肪酸分析（FAME）对采自平原、丘陵和山区稻区的631份稻谷样本和117份稻株样本进行了两类人体条件致病细菌的鉴定和检测研究。Bc菌和Pa菌可通过培养性状和常规细菌学方法作初步鉴别,Biolog和FAME能把它们鉴定到种,但Bc菌的基因型难以区分。Bc菌和Pa菌主要存在于水稻的根部;Bc菌和Pa菌在浙江的平原稻区分布最广,分别达6.1％和16.1％;在山区稻区最低, 分别为1.0％和7.8％。  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS) is an anionic surfactant widely used all over the world. They will eventually end-up and accumulate in household or industrial sewage. Due to their high foaming capabilities which can cause numerous problems in sewage treatment facilities as well as direct toxic effects on many different organisms in ecosystem; they are generally considered as serious pollutants. Many reports have indicated that common bacteria can readily degrade LABS. METHODS: In this survey, two different bacteria were isolated from Tehran municipal active sludge that showed the ability to degrade LABS rapidly and actively upon using it as their sole source of carbon. Biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed. RESULTS: Results have indicated the two isolates to be Acinetobacter johnsoni and Pseudomonas beteli. After experiments to optimize the pH and temperature for growth of the two bacterial isolates, the extent of LABS, utilization was evaluated by HPLC method. The Pseudomonas beteli and Acinetobacter johnsoni isolates were able to degrade 96.4% and 97.2% of the original LABS levels after 10 days of growth, respectively. Mixed culture of the two isolates did not significantly increase LABS utilization (97.6%). CONCLUSION: Our study showed the ability of two isolated steains to rapidly biodegrade LABS under aerobic conditions.  相似文献   

19.
Leak is a post-harvest disease of potato tubers manifested by a wet, spongy rot that can quickly lead to complete tuber decay. In North America, leak is most commonly caused byPythium ultimum var.ultimum Trow, although a number of otherPythium spp. have been found to be pathogenic to potato tubers. We report that an isolate identified by DNA sequencing asP. sylvaticum Campbell & Hendrix was pathogenic to potato tubers. The organism produced a dark, hollow cavity in tubers that was much drier in texture than typical symptoms of leak. Symptomology was similar in tubers of the cultivars Yukon Gold, Green Mountain, and Russet Burbank. Studies to complete Koch’s postulates confirmed thatP. sylvaticum could be reisolated from diseased tissue and produced the same disease symptoms when isolates were subsequently re-inoculated into healthy tubers. This is the first report ofP. sylvaticum causing rot in potato tubers.  相似文献   

20.
为明确甘肃省玉米根腐病致病镰孢菌种类,2017～2019年在甘肃省不同地区采集玉米植株进行组织分离,采用形态学和分子生物学鉴定方法对分离物进行鉴定,按照柯赫氏法则对其致病性进行测定。结果表明,引起甘肃省玉米根腐病的致病镰孢菌为厚垣镰孢Fusarium chlamydosporum、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、尖镰孢F.oxys-porum、层出镰孢F.proliferatum、茄镰孢F.solani、三线镰孢F.tricinctum、拟轮枝镰孢F.verticillioides和产黄色镰孢F.thapsinum,其中尖镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢为优势镰孢菌,分离频率分别为22.5%和20%。通过致病性测定发现,所有分离的镰孢菌都会引起玉米根系不同程度变褐,导致根系生长缓慢、茎基部溢缩和腐烂、近地部叶片黄化、叶边缘干枯等症状。  相似文献   

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