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为优化我国居民的膳食结构，提供更营养健康的主食，进一步平衡营养，本研究分别测定与分析大豆奶粉馒头、全豆馒头和小麦粉馒头的一般营养成分、氨基酸含量、氨基酸质量、脂肪酸组成、维生素和矿物质等含量。结果表明：大豆奶粉馒头的蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、灰分、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、氨基酸评分、脂肪酸种类、3种脂肪酸(SFA、MUFA、PUFA特别是α-亚麻酸)、核黄素、维生素E、钙、磷、钾、镁、锌、钠以及大豆异黄酮的含量均显著高于全豆馒头和小麦粉馒头；大豆奶粉馒头中的硫胺素和铁含量均显著高于小麦粉馒头中的含量；大豆奶粉馒头中碳水化合物含量显著低于全豆馒头和小麦粉馒头。结果表明，大豆奶粉馒头较单一植物蛋白的全豆馒头和小麦粉馒头的营养价值更高，更符合我国居民对全面营养健康的需求。 相似文献
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以大豆为原料,通过感官评定对胶体磨技术自制的全豆豆浆和一般机械磨加工的传统豆浆中的永和豆浆和普通豆浆的感官品质进行了比较,通过营养成分检测对全豆豆浆和永和豆浆的营养成分进行了比较,同时将检测的全豆豆浆营养成分与中国食物成分表中的普通豆浆的营养成分进行比较。结果表明:全豆豆浆口感浓厚,细腻爽滑,豆香味浓郁,无豆腥味,感官评价总得分高于传统豆浆中的永和豆浆和普通豆浆,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);全豆豆浆中蛋白质、脂肪、总膳食纤维、维生素B1、维生素B2、钙、磷脂及大豆异黄酮等营养成分含量均高于永和豆浆,更高于普通豆浆。全豆豆浆的普及不仅可以提高豆浆的营养价值,还可以减少资源的浪费,具有一定的社会和经济效益。 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2020,(1)
为探究不同复合凝固剂条件下,全豆豆腐中主要营养品质差异及感官差异,本研究采用干法制浆工艺制作全豆豆腐,选取硫酸钙(CaSO_4)、氯化镁(MgCl_2)和葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)分别与谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG酶)配成复合凝固剂,以凝胶强度为评价指标,考察不同复合凝固剂对全豆豆腐营养品质的影响。结果表明:3种复合凝固剂的最佳配比分别为0.5%CaSO_4+0.3%TG酶、0.4%MgCl_2+0.3%TG酶和0.4%GDL+0.1%TG酶。CaSO_4+TG酶全豆豆腐的必需氨基酸含量为18.475%,总纤维含量为16.535%,感官评分为75.3,均为最高;脂肪含量最低,为9.337%;水分与蛋白质含量、脂肪酸组成差异不显著。综合来看,不同复合凝固剂对全豆豆腐的营养品质与感官评分有一定影响,且CaSO_4+TG酶全豆豆腐的营养品质和感官评分高于另外两类复合凝固剂制备的全豆豆腐。 相似文献
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甘蔗是重要的糖料作物和能源作物，开展甘蔗种质资源的营养品质评价，可系统地了解甘蔗种质的营养价值，为甘蔗种质资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。以100份甘蔗种质为材料，通过分析蔗汁中的蔗糖、还原糖、总游离氨基酸、多酚、矿物质、蛋白质等14个营养指标，利用SPSS软件进行营养品质性状的主成分和系统聚类分析。结果表明：100份甘蔗种质营养成分存在差异，部分营养成分之间存在显著相关关系，蔗糖分与还原糖分、蛋白质、总游离氨基酸、果糖、葡萄糖含量呈极显著负相关，蛋白质与总游离氨基酸、总多酚含量呈显著正相关，果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量与磷（P）含量呈极显著正相关，矿物质元素之间，钙（Ca）含量与铁（Fe）含量、Fe含量与铜（Cu）含量之间呈正相关；影响甘蔗种质营养品质的主要因子为还原糖因子、蛋白质因子、蔗糖因子、Ca含量因子和钾（K）含量因子，上述公因子对甘蔗营养品质综合评价的累计方差贡献率达69.62%。系统聚类分析表明，100份甘蔗种质的营养品质在欧式距离18.5处可分为5个类群，第Ⅰ类群包含77份种质，该类群蔗糖含量最高；第Ⅱ类群包含6份种质，Ca、Fe含量较高；第Ⅲ类群包含2份种质，该类... 相似文献
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运黑系列黑小麦营养品质分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黑小麦是一种珍贵的黑籽粒小麦品种。为了更好地推广和利用黑小麦资源、开发黑小麦产品,本研究以白粒小麦品种良星99为对照、以4个运黑系列黑小麦新品系为研究对象,对其营养成分、面筋特性及氨基酸、酚酸、花青素含量等品质特性进行了分析。结果表明,4个黑小麦品系营养品质各异,其中,运黑164的脂肪、蛋白质含量最高,较对照分别增加29.4%、28.9%;运黑163的锌含量较对照分别增长150.6%;运黑14207的硒、铁含量最高,比对照分别高524.4%、15.5%,其他黑小麦品系的铁含量显著均低于对照。综合分析蛋白质、氨基酸含量及面筋特性,运黑161蛋白质品质最好,运黑163、运黑164次之,运黑14207蛋白质品质较低。供试黑小麦品系的总酚酸、花青素含量均高于对照,且紫色黑小麦花青素含量高于蓝色黑小麦。综上所述,运黑系列黑小麦营养品质优于对照;运黑14207适合开发黑小麦啤酒、饼干及富含微量元素的功能性食品;运黑161适合开发馒头、面条等传统食品;运黑163、运黑164适合配粉使用。 相似文献
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通过对全国棉花主栽品种棉籽原料进行营养组分及抗营养因子进行测定分析，掌握我国棉籽原料的质量现状，为未来的棉籽质量评价及多用途开发提供数据支撑。以采集于我国棉花主产区涵盖127个棉花主栽品种的178个棉籽样本为试验对象，利用气相色谱法分析其脂肪酸组成和含量差异，探究脂肪酸组成与棉花品种和产地之间的内在联系；利用高效液相色谱法分析测定棉籽中17种氨基酸的含量以及棉籽中抗营养因子棉酚的含量。结果表明，陆地棉棉仁中总脂肪酸含量在16.2%～34.9%，平均为25.0%，脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主，抗营养因子环式脂肪酸平均含量为0.59%；陆地棉棉仁中总氨基酸平均含量为38.26%，以谷氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸为主，其中必需氨基酸占29.6%；陆地棉棉仁中游离棉酚的质量分数为0.11%～0.92%，总棉酚含量为0.24%～1.64%，右旋棉酚多于左旋棉酚，海岛棉棉仁中游离棉酚含量比陆地棉要高。 相似文献
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我国南部几种果树蜂花粉营养成分研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对菠萝，蒲桃，黄皮，杨桃等４种果树蜂花粉营养成分的分析，结果表明：其蛋白质含量为１８．０６％￣２１．３８％，可溶性糖为１５．７５％￣３０．４９％，４种蜂花粉均含有１８种水解氨基酸，含量为１６．７７４％￣２２．８０５％，游离氨基酸含量为２７７．０９７￣８３９．９０６ｍｇ／１００ｇ。氨基酸分为９０．０￣９８．４分，并含有丰富的维生素、矿质元素和脂肪酸等营养物质。不同果树的蜂花粉及同种蜂花粉的不同营养素 相似文献
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为了明确薏苡饲用部位的氨基酸营养情况,以9个薏苡(Coix lacryma-jobi)资源的饲用部位为研究对象,测定其根、茎和叶的营养成分和氨基酸含量,并进行评价分析。结果表明:薏苡的根、茎、叶中均含有7种必需氨基酸和10种非必需氨基酸,各部位间氨基酸含量差异显著,总体趋势为叶根茎,其中台湾红衣薏苡叶的氨基酸含量显著高于其他供试资源。薏苡饲用部位功能性氨基酸特别是药用氨基酸含量丰富,占总氨基酸含量的59.34%~69.27%。通过氨基酸评分明确了(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸)是薏苡饲用资源的第一限制氨基酸,并通过分部位聚类筛选出2份氨基酸含量高的薏苡叶资源(台湾红衣薏苡和北峰野生薏苡),为薏苡饲用提供数据参考。 相似文献
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Nutritional requirements of potatoes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D. T. Westermann 《American Journal of Potato Research》2005,82(4):301-307
Plant nutrition is the practice of providing to the plant the right nutrient, in the right amount, in the right place, at the right time. This paper gives an overview of the roles that each of the 16 essential nutrients have in plant nutrition, their relative mobility as related to deficiency symptom expression, and what is generally known about nutrient responses to field applications on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the USA and Canada. Maintaining high crop yields with minimum nutrient losses to the environment is and will continue to be a significant challenge to the potato producer. Additional nutritional research efforts in genetically modified plants, precision agriculture, food quality and safety, fertilizer impurities, and other management concerns should significantly help the producer in this effort. 相似文献
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香草兰营养诊断方法的研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
通过多年多点的调查分析,初步确定高产香草兰营养诊断适宜的采样时间１０－１１月;采样部位为自茎蔓顶叶向下数第７－８片叶;香草兰营养诊断指标包括养分含量适宜范围和重要养分平衡比值。养分含量适宜范围为：Ｎ２．１５％－２．４０％,Ｐ０．４３％－０．５０％〉Ｋ２．７０％－３．２０％,Ｃａ３．６０％－４．２０％,Ｍｇ０．３５－０．７０％。重要养分平衡比值适宜范围为：Ｎ／Ｐ４．００－５．３３,Ｐ／Ｃａ０．０１８ 相似文献
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大田条件下,采集咖啡叶片和果实样品进行氮、磷、钾、钙、镁营养元素含量测定,对小粒种咖啡的营养特性进行初步研究。结果表明：幼果期咖啡叶片氮、磷、钾和镁含量极显著高于初花期、第1批果实成熟期和果实采收末期;第1批果实成熟期叶片钙含量极显著高于初花期、幼果期和果实采收末期;咖啡豆中氮含量极显著高于钾、钙、磷和镁含量,咖啡干果皮中钾含量极显著高于氮、钙、磷和镁含量。 相似文献
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D. H. Lambert M. L. Powelson W. R. Stevenson 《American Journal of Potato Research》2005,82(4):309-319
Nutrient management can decrease the severity of a number of important potato diseases, and certain practices, such as maintaining a low pH for scab control, have been followed for that single objective. More commonly, growers have incorporated fertility modifications into their particular disease and farming situations. Unfortunately, disease minimization may or may not be consistent with optimal fertilization for yield, quality, and profitability. Optimization for one disease may not match that for another, and the exact mechanisms involved are often complex and poorly understood. Potato growers will continue to experience conflicting production constraints. These constraints include price-driven needs for yield improvement and expense reduction; customer-driven demands for quality improvement; varietal shifts driven by the above considerations rather than by disease reduction; increasing pressure to justify, shift and reduce pesticide use; continuing concerns about nitrogen and phosphorus movement in groundwater and runoff; and increased attention to management of rotation crops. On the positive side, nutrient management strategies for highly specific situations continue to improve and practices addressing nutrient and disease variability within fields are becoming more sophisticated. In this context, there are opportunities for cultural management practices that reduce disease pressure and reliance on chemical controls. To be effectively integrated into such specialized management systems, the mechanisms of these control measures and the conditions under which they are practical will need to be better understood. Likewise, disease responses to these tactics need to be better quantified to allow an adequate cost-benefit analysis. With mounting concerns about the effects of agricultural pesticides on food safety, farm workers, and the environment, management of plant-available nutrients may become practical approaches for disease suppression in the future. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Nwokolo 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(4):283-290
Mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition of pigeon pea meal were determined by analysis, while with chick essays, availability (true digestibility) of minerals and amino acids in the meal were estimated. Gross energy, metabolizable energy and true protein digestibility experiments were also conducted. Pigeon pea meal had a very high content of potassium, high content of potassium, high content of phosphorus, moderate content of calcium and magnesium and low content of iron, zinc, copper and manganese. Average availability of minerals was 58.09%. Amino acid content was low, especially cystine and methionine. Amino acid availability was 82.32%, lower than amino acid availability of soybean meal (>90%). Pigeon pea lipids were predominantly saturated fatty acids (69.04%) with low content of unsaturated fatty acids (30.69%) and a total absence of linolenic acid. Metabolizable energy content (N-corrected) was 11.08 MJ/kg in raw pigeon pea and 12.03 MJ/kg in toasted pigeon pea meal. 相似文献
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对无土栽培香荚兰叶片的营养状况进行测试分析。结果表明：施用不同配方营养液的香荚兰各养分含量也不同。施用A3营养液和对照A5的香荚兰叶片N素含量在适宜范围内，而施用A1、A2和A4营养液的香荚兰叶片N素缺乏；除施用对照A5的香荚兰叶片K素缺乏外，施用其余4种营养液配方K素存在高量；施用所有配方营养液的香荚兰叶片的P素、Ca素和Mg素均为缺乏，其中Ca、Mg缺乏非常严重。各营养液配方下的香荚兰叶片养分之间比例严重失衡。从养分含量方面分析，以A3营养液配方为基础，进行营养液配方调整比较适宜；从养分平衡状况来看， 相似文献
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Pirjo Mattila Sari Mäkinen Merja Eurola Taina Jalava Juha-Matti Pihlava Jarkko Hellström Anne Pihlanto 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(2):108-115
The goal of this work was to analyze nutritional value of various minimally processed commercial products of plant protein sources such as faba bean (Vicia faba), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rapeseed press cake (Brassica rapa/napus subsp. Oleifera), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), oil hemp seed (Cannabis sativa), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Basic composition and various nutritional components like amino acids, sugars, minerals, and dietary fiber were determined. Nearly all the samples studied could be considered as good sources of essential amino acids, minerals and dietary fiber. The highest content of crude protein (over 30 g/100 g DW) was found in faba bean, blue lupin and rapeseed press cake. The total amount of essential amino acids (EAA) ranged from 25.8 g/16 g N in oil hemp hulls to 41.5 g/16 g N in pearled quinoa. All the samples studied have a nutritionally favorable composition with significant health benefit potential. Processing (dehulling or pearling) affected greatly to the contents of analyzed nutrients. 相似文献
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D. K. Salunkhe S. S. Kadam J. K. Chavan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1977,27(2):187-205
Grain sorghum is low in protein content Lysine, threonine and tryptophan are the limiting amino acids in the proteins of grain Sorghum. Protein fractionation studies have shown that prolamine and glutelin are the principal protein fractions. Increase in protein content of grain Sorghum leads to an increase in prolamin fraction and decreases the nutritional quality. Environmental factors such as location, chemical fertilizers, plant population and chemical treatments influence the protein content and amino acid pattern. The presence of tannins in grain Sorghum reduces the digestibility and nutritional quality.
Zusammenfassung Die Caryopsen von Sorghum-Hirse haben einen geringen Eiweißgehalt. Lysin, Threonin und Tryptophan sind die limitierenden Aminosäuren ihres Eiweißes. Untersuchungen über die Eiweiß-Frankrionierung haben ergeben, daß Prolamin und Glutelin die Haupt-Eiweißfranktionen sind. Erhöhung des Eiweißgehaltes von Sorghum-Korn führt zur Erhöhung der Prolamin-Fraktion und damit zum Abfall der Biologischen Eiweißwertigkeit. Umweltfaktoren, wie Standort, chemische Dünger, Pflanzendichte und chemische Pflanzen-Behandlung beeinflussen den Eiweißgehalt und die Art des Aminosäuremusters. Anwesenheit von Tanninen (Gerbstoffen), im Sorghum-Korn reduzieren seine Verdaulichkeit und die Biologische Eiweißwertigkeit.相似文献
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Eddie I. Mbadiwe 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1978,28(3):261-269
Seeds ofPentaclenthra macrophylla that had been ether-extracted and cooked by autoclaving showed a low value in protein quality tests with rats even when supplemented with methionine, the only amino acid seriously deficient as judged by chemical analysis. This was so whether the beans were fresh or had been stored uncooked for several months. Further tests indicated that the poor performance was explained by the beans having a growth-depressant activity. This might be explained by the high content of caffeoylputrescine in the seeds. 相似文献