共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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ERF转录因子为植物特有的一类转录因子,在调控植物乙烯合成过程中发挥着重要功能。为研究葡萄ERF转录因子在调控乙烯合成过程中的作用,以阳光玫瑰(Vitis labruscana Baily × V. vinifera L.)葡萄穗梗为材料,克隆了乙烯响应因子VvERF90,并进行了生物信息学分析和基因功能分析。结果表明,VvERF90属于第IX亚家族,与苹果MdERF2和MdERF3的亲缘关系较近;VvERF90可以正调控VvACO1的表达;VvERF90在拟南芥中过量表达后,转基因植株中VvACO1的同源基因AtACO3基因表达量明显升高,转基因植株的乙烯释放量增加2倍,植株变矮。上述结果表明,VvERF90可能通过调节VvACO1的表达,调控乙烯的释放水平。本研究结果为进一步探明葡萄中乙烯合成的调控机制奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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本研究前期证实,低温诱导的CsGR-RBP3表达与黄瓜果实耐冷性密切相关,但调控其表达的具体机理尚不清楚。为鉴定调控CsGR-RBP3表达的MYB转录因子,本研究采用转录组测序,分析了黄瓜果实在5℃低温处理后的转录组变化,并通过共表达趋势分析,鉴定了与CsGR-RBP3表达趋势一致的MYB基因。结果发现,CsMYB62与CsGR-RBP3表达的相关性很高,且低温处理能诱导黄瓜果实CsMYB62和CsGR-RBP3表达,推测CsMYB62转录因子可能调控CsGR-RBP3表达。为进一步分析CsMYB62基因的功能,从黄瓜果皮中克隆了CsMYB62基因全长序列。结果显示,CsMYB62基因全长834 bp,编码277个氨基酸残基。CsMYB62蛋白含有SANT保守域和MYB DNA结合域,定位在细胞核,在进化过程中高度保守。CsMYB62蛋白具有转录激活活性,能直接绑定到CsGR-RBP3启动子,增强CsGR-RBP3启动子活性,表明CsMYB62通过直接调控CsGR-RBP3表达而增强黄瓜果实耐冷性。本研究结果丰富了MYB调控网络,为进一步解析CsMYB62功能奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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为了探讨NAC转录因子对枇杷果实类胡萝卜素代谢的调控机制,以大红袍(红肉枇杷)和白沙(白肉枇杷)为试验材料,利用RNA-Seq技术对大红袍和白沙进行转录组测序,通过分析两个品种间的转录组差异,初步筛选并克隆出了1个枇杷NAC转录因子,命名为EjNAC82。生物信息学技术分析结果发现,EjNAC82具有NAC转录因子特有的结构域、理化性质和蛋白质结构特点,是典型的NAC转录因子家族基因。亚细胞定位试验发现该转录因子定位于细胞核。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,EjNAC82在枇杷老叶中的表达量高于根、芽、嫩叶、老叶、嫩枝、老枝、幼果和熟果。EjNAC82在果皮和果肉成熟过程中的表达模式相同,均呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势。随着果实的成熟,EjNAC82在大红袍果肉中的表达显著高于白沙(P<0.05)。EjNAC82在大红袍果皮S1、S2、S4时期的表达显著高于白沙。LUC/REN双荧光素酶试验结果表明,EjNAC82对EjPSY1、EjPSY2和EjBCH启动子具有激活作用。这些结果表明EjNAC82可能通过调控EjPSY1、EjPSY2和EjBCH基因的表达从而正向调控枇杷果实中类胡萝卜素的合成。本研究结果为揭示NAC转录因子对枇杷果实类胡萝卜素积累的转录调控功能提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase,HMGR)和1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶(1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase,DXR)分别被认为是植物萜类合成途径:甲羟戊酸(mevalonate,MVA)和2-甲基赤藓醇4-磷酸(2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate,MEP)途径的关键酶,这两个酶的基因表达水平将会直接影响到植物萜类物质的合成。本研究通过构建TwHMGR(KU246037.1)和TwDXR(KJ174341.1)基因的过表达载体,借助发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)整合到雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordii)基因组中,分别筛选得到三株转基因发状根系。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,转基因发状根系中目的基因TwHMGR和TwDXR的表达量均明显高于对照,最高可分别达到对照的4.73倍和5.81倍。高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法测定结果显示,转TwHMGR基因和TwDXR基因的发状根雷公藤内酯醇、雷公藤吉碱和雷公藤次碱的含量均明显高于对照,结果表明,提高雷公藤TwHMGR基因和TwDXR基因的表达量,可以提高雷公藤萜类次生代谢产物的产量。研究结果为进一步利用代谢工程手段调控雷公藤活性物质的生物合成以及为研究雷公藤萜类物质的生物合成途径奠定基础。 相似文献
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乙烯响应因子在植物非生物胁迫应答中起重要作用。为了解TaERF2在小麦湿害胁迫下作用的分子机理,本研究对TaERF2基因及其编码蛋白序列特征进行分析,并检测TaERF2在不同耐湿品种中的表达特征及原核表达。结果表明,TaERF2基因含有2个外显子和1个内含子,编码355个氨基酸序列,具有典型的AP2/ERF保守结构域和YRG、RAYD基序。AP2/ERF家族转录因子进化和同源比对分析表明,TaERF2属于AP2/ERF家族B2组,与拟南芥AtRAP2.12、AtHRE1和水稻OsSNORKEL1、OsSNORKEL2有较高的同源性,且启动子区域含有缺氧厌氧顺式元件,推测TaERF2可能为湿害胁迫响应基因。湿害胁迫后,TaERF2在小麦根系中特异表达,在耐湿小麦品种宁麦9号根系中的表达显著上调,2~4 h表达量达到最高,然后显著降低,而在不耐湿小麦品种郑麦1354根系中的表达无显著上调。原核表达结果显示,TaERF2可以快速响应ZPTG刺激诱导,与上述宁麦9号根系中的表达模式相似,表明TaERF2在小麦耐湿中具有重要调节作用。本研究为解析小麦耐湿分子调控机制提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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为明确谷子八氢番茄红素合成酶基因与谷子米色形成的相关性,本研究从黄色和白色2种不同米色谷子中克隆出SiPSY1基因的cDNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析,同时,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在谷子米色形成过程中的表达模式。结果表明,SiPSY1基因编码序列(CDS)全长为1 248 bp,共编码415个氨基酸。SiPSY1蛋白的理论分子量为46.866 kDa,等电点为8.97,为不稳定亲水性蛋白。该蛋白的二级结构由α螺旋(57.35%)、不规则卷曲(29.64%)、延伸链结构(9.88%)和β转角(3.13%)四种结构组成。SiPSY1蛋白与玉米ZmPSY1的同源性较高,二者的亲缘关系较近。在谷子米色形成的初期和中期,黄色米色品种籽粒中SiPSY1基因的表达水平显著高于白色米色品种,而在米色形成后期,该基因在白色米色品种中的表达水平显著提高,并高于在黄色米色品种中的表达水平。随着籽粒成熟米色的形成,SiPSY1基因在黄色米色品种七月黄中的表达量呈先上升后显著下降的趋势,在白色米色品种中呈逐渐上升的趋势。通过对SiPSY1基因结构和表达特性的分析,初步推测谷子米色差异及形成与SiPSY1基因结构无关,而与基因的表达特性有一定的相关性。本研究结果为进一步阐明SiPSY1基因的功能以及谷子米色形成的分子机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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纤维素合成酶(CesA)是纤维素合成的关键酶。为探究毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)中CesA基因的分子特征、表达模式及其调控关系,本研究采用生物信息学方法对毛竹CesA基因家族成员进行系统分析,基于毛竹RNA-Seq数据和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析CesA在毛竹组织中的表达模式,借助酵母单杂交技术验证转录因子MYB对CesA的调控作用。结果表明,在毛竹中共鉴定21个CesA(PeCesA1~PeCesA21),分别含有8~14个内含子;共线性分析发现19个PeCesAs存在片段复制,且Ka/Ks值均小于1.0。PeCesAs编码蛋白长度为904~1 093 aa,分子量在101.10~123.63 kDa之间,理论等电点为5.95~8.60;亚细胞定位预测所有PeCesAs都定位在质膜上;保守基序分析发现,PeCesAs共含有20个保守基序,均含有CesA家族的特征基序D、D、D和QxxRW。系统发育分析结果表明,毛竹等4个物种的CesA家族52个成员聚类成7个分支。RNA-Seq数据分析结果表明,PeCesAs(PeCesA1/5/10/11/17)在根以及不同高度笋的中部和基部的表达量存在明显差异,而且PeMYB35和PeMYB37均与PeCesA1/5/10/11/17存在较强的共表达关系。qRT-PCR结果进一步证实,随着毛竹笋高度的增加,PeMYB35与PeCesA1/5/10/11/17呈现相似的表达趋势。此外,PeCesA1/5/10/11/17的启动子序列中均包含MYB转录因子的结合位点GAMYB,酵母单杂结果证实PeMYB35能够与PeCesA1启动子中GAMYB元件相结合,可能会进一步调控基因的表达。该结果为研究毛竹中纤维素的生物合成机制提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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花青素还原酶(ANR)是类黄酮代谢途径下游合成原花青素的关键酶,对花青素含量有一定的负调控作用。为探索ANR基因在红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)中的序列特征及其与红花花色的关系,采用反转录PCR方法从红花中克隆ANR基因,对其进行生物信息学和系统进化分析,并检测了其在不同花色红花品种的不同组织部位及不同花期的表达量。结果表明,CtANR最长开放阅读框(ORF)为1 020 bp, 编码339个氨基酸,分子量为37 958.28,理论等电点为5.87,为不稳定的亲水性蛋白,属于NADB-Rossmann超家族,二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规卷曲组成。CtANR和刺菜蓟ANR的同源性最高,为83.98%,与刺菜蓟ANR的亲缘关系最近,与梅花、欧洲甜樱桃ANR的亲缘关系较远,模体基序相差较大。定量分析表明,红色和白色红花品种中,CtANR基因都是在果球形成初期表达量最低,其次是根和茎中表达量较低,而在花中的表达量相对较高。在花发育的不同时期,红色红花品种中CtANR基因的表达呈现降低-升高-降低的趋势,而白色红花品种中CtANR基因的表达呈现降低-升高的趋势。在不同花色的红花品种中,CtANR基因的表达量在花发育的S1、S3和S5时期差异极显著(P<0.01),S4、苞片、根、叶中差异显著(P<0.05),其他时期与其他组织中差异不显著。本研究为解析红花类黄酮生物合成的分子机制及红花花色相关基因的研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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MdMYB1是调控苹果(Malus domestica)果皮着色的重要转录因子。黄绿色苹果脱袋后果面现红色,为了研究其花青苷合成表达调控机制,本研究采用Real-time PCR方法分析了光照对4种不同颜色苹果黄绿色品种金冠和陆奥、红色品种富士、深红色品种红星果皮转录因子MdMYB1表达的影响。研究表明,不同颜色苹果品种着色速度、面积和MdMYB1转录表达速度及累积量有关。通过金冠、红星苹果果实套袋处理,研究了果皮着色过程中结构基因苯丙氨酸解氨酶(MdPAL)、花青素合成酶(MdANS)、查尔酮异构酶(MdCHI)和类黄酮糖基转移酶(MdUFGT)的相对表达变化,结果表明,红星处理和对照转录因子MdMYB1及结构基因在着色过程中是持续表达的,而黄绿色品种金冠则没有出现持续表达的态势。金冠苹果转录因子MdMYB1与结构基因MdCHI表达模式相同,与MdPAL相似,经分析MdMYB1和结构基因MdCHI和MdPAL启动子序列,金冠苹果携带等位基因MdMYB1-2,其启动子区域有多个G-box光结合位点,据此推测,光照调控的光敏色素通过结合其启动子区域的G-box位点来调控转录因子MdMYB1-2;MdCHI在启动子区域含有顺式作用元件MBS,MdPAL含有顺式作用元件MBS和MBSⅡ,说明转录因子MdMYB1-2调控结构基因MdCHI表达,并有可能调控基因MdPAL或有密切相关性。结果表明,红星果皮全面着色可能与着色期转录因子及结构基因的持续表达和基因间协调表达有关;而金冠果皮在着红色过程中光诱导的转录因子MdMYB1调控的结构基因起决定性作用。 相似文献
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花香是一系列低分子量、挥发性物质的复杂混合物,由花朵释放来吸引和引导授粉的昆虫。花香在植物繁殖上具有重要作用,还能提高观赏植物和切花的审美价值。在过去的数十年里,随着生物技术的发展,有数种花香相关基因已经相继被克隆,花香物质的生物合成和代谢工程也得到了研究。本文综述了植物花香物质生物合成途径及其相关酶和基因的研究进展;探讨了基因工程调控及改良植物花香的策略;同时简要评述了花香基因工程研究的影响因素并展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
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Reproduction of flowering dogwood trees occurs via obligate out-crossing, and U.S. native bees have been suggested to be primary pollinators of this ecologically and economically important deciduous tree. Whether floral volatiles play a role in reproduction of the dogwood remains unclear. Objectives of this study were to identify principal volatile chemicals emitted from dogwood flowers and to assess a temporal volatile emission profile and volatile consistency across four cultivars. Inflorescences with intact bracts and 5 cm flower pedicel were removed from dogwood trees and subjected to headspace volatile collection. Six principal volatile compounds were detected from the flowers of the cultivar 'World's Fair' with 3-formylpyridine as the most abundant constituent. Subsequent headspace analyses performed using inflorescences without bracts or floral pedicels alone indicated that 3-formylpyridine, E-beta-ocimene, S-linalool, and ketoisophorone were mainly emitted from inflorescences. Experiments were also conducted to determine whether volatile emissions differed across time and between different cultivars of flowering dogwood. When volatile emission was analyzed for 48 h using 12 h light/dark cycles, the emission of several volatile compounds displayed diurnal patterns. Finally, whereas florets in inflorescences of four different dogwood cultivars emitted similar levels of the six principal floral volatile chemicals, 'Cherokee Brave' flowers alone yielded 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and germacrene-D. The implications of the findings of this study to dogwood breeding programs are discussed. 相似文献
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调控植物花发育的miRNAs的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花发育是高等植物生长发育过程中的重要事件,可剖分为开花诱导、花的起始和花器官发育3个阶段,是由多种基因参与的十分复杂的调控过程。20年来,人们应用克隆、诱变和突变体等研究技术从模式植物中分离和鉴定了大量调控花发育的功能基因或调控因子,其中,microRNA(miRNA)是本世纪初才发现的一类新的调控因子。miRNA是生物体内长度约为21个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,通过与靶mRNA的互补配对而在转录后水平上对基因的表达进行负调控,导致mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。大量研究证实miRNA在花发育中起着重要的作用。文章重点综述了植物miRNA的作用机制、其功能研究方法及7个miRNA家族在花发育中的生物功能,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Headspace analyses of pollen, whole flowerheads, ligulate and tubular florets, flower buds, involucral bracts, and leaves have been performed on the food plant Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae). The analyses permitted differences in the pattern of volatiles emitted by the different floral parts to be observed and the site and phenological stage of emission of these chemicals to be verified. Camphor and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate were emitted mainly by ligulate and tubular florets; the production of myrcene and (Z)-ocimene was higher in the flower buds, whereas beta-caryophyllene, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and (E)-beta-farnesene seemed attributable mainly to the involucral bracts. The leaves showed a quite different volatile profile, with (Z)-ocimene as the main constituent. Pollen showed a completely different composition of its volatiles, with perilla aldehyde, cis-chrysanthenyl acetate, and camphor among the principal compounds; many carbonylic compounds and linear hydrocarbons have been detected exclusively in pollen. Furthermore, the essential oils obtained from flowerheads and leaves have been studied. These samples showed mainly quantitative differences. Camphor (22.1%) and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (19.9%) were the main constituents of the oil from flowers, whereas the oil from the leaves contained mainly (Z)-ocimene (45.4%) and myrcene (28.2%). 相似文献
16.
Jørgensen U Hansen M Christensen LP Jensen K Kaack K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):2376-2383
Fresh elder flowers (Sambucus nigra L.) were extracted with an aqueous solution containing sucrose, peeled lemon slices, tartaric acid, and sodium benzoate to make elder flower syrup. Aroma compounds emitted from the elder flower syrup were collected by the dynamic headspace technique and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 59 compounds were identified, 18 of which have not previously been detected in elder flower products. The concentrations of the identified volatiles were measured in five elder cultivars, Allesoe, Donau, Sambu, Sampo, and Samyl, and significant differences were detected among cultivars in the concentration levels of 48 compounds. The odor of the volatiles was evaluated by the GC-sniffing technique. cis-Rose oxide, nerol oxide, hotrienol, and nonanal contributed to the characteristic elder flower odor, whereas linalool, alpha-terpineol, 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, and (Z)-beta-ocimene contributed with floral notes. Fruity odors were associated with pentanal, heptanal, and beta-damascenone. Fresh and grassy odors were primarily correlated with hexanal, hexanol, and (Z)-3-hexenol. 相似文献
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Monitoring ester formation in grape juice fermentations using solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Volatile esters contribute important floral and fruity sensory properties to wine. Numerous factors influence the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of esters throughout yeast fermentation; however, methods to monitor the dynamic changes in ester production that occur during winemaking processes are limited. In this study, we showed that solid phase microextraction (SPME), a rapid, solventless sampling procedure, combined with GC/MS analysis is a useful method for the nearly continuous analysis of volatile compounds such as esters that are produced during fermentation. Accuracy, precision, and limits of quantification were comparable to those of other sample preparation methods such as liquid-liquid extraction. Using GC/MS-SPME to monitor fatty acid ethyl esters and acetate esters, we obtained detailed information on the production patterns of ester formation during fermentation. This method now enables the monitoring of volatiles during fermentation and can provide greater insight into yeast metabolism and flavor formation. 相似文献
18.
Wang L Lord H Morehead R Dorman F Pawliszyn J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6281-6286
Membrane extraction with sorbent interface (MESI) has been applied to monitor plant fragrance volatiles emitted into indoor air. The main components of the MESI system are a membrane module and a trap, which can be connected directly to a GC or GC-MS for simultaneous multicomponent extraction and monitoring. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane and two different traps, PDMS and Tenax, as well as a DC current supply for trap desorption have been applied in this research. After the membrane module is placed in contact with the plant, the MESI/GC-MS provides semicontinuous characterization of volatile compounds emitted. The MESI device has been applied to monitor the biogenic volatile organic compounds released during the first 8 h after a branch was cut from a Eucalyptus dunnii tree. The study demonstrates that the MESI system is a simple and useful tool for monitoring changes in emission processes as a function of time. 相似文献
19.
Estévez M Morcuende D Ventanas S Cava R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3429-3435
The volatile compounds generated in meat from Iberian and lean pigs after four different treatments (raw, refrigerated, cooked, and refrigerated cooked meat) were analyzed. The different treatments showed different volatile profiles. Methyl alcohols and ketones (such as 2-ethyl-hexan-1-ol, 2-methyl-butan-1-ol, 3-methyl-butan-1-ol, and 3-hydroxy-butan-2-one) were the most representative in refrigerated meat because of the degradation of carbohydrates and proteins together with the Strecker degradation pathway. Lipid-derived volatiles were the most abundant in cooked meat and refrigerated cooked meat. Meat from different pig breeds presented different volatile profiles, probably due to different enzymatic and oxidative deterioration susceptibility. Otherwise, the fat content and its compositional characteristics also played an important role in the generation of volatiles. As compared to samples from lean pigs, muscles from Iberian pigs showed a higher content of heme iron that may have promoted the generation of higher content of total lipid-derived volatiles during the refrigeration of cooked meat. Despite that, the formation of volatiles with low thresholds and related to intense rancidity perception likely to be derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher in lean pork than in meat from Iberian pigs. This might be expected to lead to a more intense development of a warmed over flavor during refrigeration of cooked samples from lean pigs. 相似文献