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1.
麸皮面粉面团的粉质和拉伸特性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探讨麸皮对小麦面粉品质的影响,将微粉碎后的燕麦麸细粉、小麦麸细粉与小麦粉按混料配方均匀设计制备麸皮面粉,用粉质仪和拉伸仪测定了麸皮面粉的面团流变学特性,并对麸皮面粉各组分含量与流变学参数间的相关性进行分析。结果表明,随着麸皮含量的增加,麸皮面粉面团的吸水率增大,形成时间变化不大,稳定时间不断减少;弱化度和粉质指数在不同样品变化较大,以样品3粉质特性(即小麦粉88.5%,燕麦麸细粉10.20%,小麦麸1.39%)最优;相同醒发时间下,随着麸皮总含量的增加,面团的拉伸曲线面积、延伸度、拉伸阻力及最大拉伸阻力均呈下降趋势;拉伸参数均随醒发时间而呈上升趋势。与面团粉质特性相关性最显著的是小麦粉含量,其次是小麦麸和燕麦麸细粉含量;小麦粉含量与拉伸特性呈显著正相关,与燕麦麸含量呈显著负相关,与小麦麸含量的相关性不显著。这些研究表明麸皮添加比例能够显著影响面团的流变学特性。 相似文献
2.
《农业环境与发展》2021,(3)
为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm-2)与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面粉流变特性、拉伸性能等。结果表明:与CK相比,RF10处理小麦籽粒蛋白质含量当季略增,连续减施第二季则显著下降12.2%;RF20、RF30两季均下降,且RF30当季显著下降11.6%,RF20第二季显著下降11.1%。RF10、RF20湿面筋含量与CK比,当季略升,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降,且当季与CK差异显著,降幅为10.8%。氮肥减施后面粉吸水量呈增加趋势,面团形成时间呈缩短趋势;面团稳定时间与CK比均缩短,RF20、RF30与CK差异显著。RF10、RF20面团弱化度较CK均升高,RF30当季显著升高,第二季下降。RF10、RF20面粉能量值当季升高,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降。氮肥减施对籽粒容重、出粉率、拉伸阻力及延伸性等影响规律性不明显。研究表明,减施10%、20%氮肥能实现减肥不降产,对当季小麦品质影响不大,连续减施则影响小麦品质;减施30%氮肥时小麦产量有降低趋势,且品质有所下降。 相似文献
3.
弱光生态环境下烯效唑干拌种对小麦蛋白质组分及加工品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在弱光生态环境条件下,研究了烯效唑(S-3307)干拌种对不同密度冬小麦蛋白质组分及加工品质的影响,分析了蛋白质各组分含量与加工品质的关系。发现烯效唑能够提高籽粒蛋白质含量,改变籽粒中的蛋白质组分所占比例,但对各组分含量提高的幅度存在差异:清蛋白、球蛋白及其二者之和的含量均以20 mg/kg拌种处理的效果最好,醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白及其二者之和含量随浓度升高影响更明显。烯效唑提高了小麦面粉的湿面筋含量、沉降值,延长面团形成时间和稳定时间,提高吸水率。面团吸水率、形成时间和稳定时间与麦谷蛋白含量均呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
4.
施氮量对冬小麦蛋白质品质和面粉色泽的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明不同施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分、面粉色泽的调控效应,明确蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分与面粉色泽间的关系,在河南郑州进行了两年2种筋力型小麦品种（郑麦366和矮抗58）不同施氮水平的定点试验。结果表明,小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和蛋白质含量均随施氮量的增加显著增加,两年结果表现一致。强筋小麦郑麦366产量和品质均提高的最佳施氮量为N 225 kg/hm2,而中筋小麦矮抗58为N 150~225 kg/hm2。蛋白质各组分随施氮量增加的变幅因品种不同存在差异。随施氮量增加两个小麦品种的面粉色泽亮度（L*值）降低,红度（a*值）增加。相关分析表明,面粉色泽亮度（L*值）与蛋白质和醇溶蛋白含量呈显著负相关（P0.05）,红度（a*值）与蛋白质及各蛋白质组分含量呈极显著正相关（P0.01）,黄度（b*值）仅与球蛋白含量呈极显著负相关（P0.01）。因此,施氮量显著影响小麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,施氮量对面粉色泽的影响在不同品种和不同年度间存在差异。 相似文献
5.
从全国小麦主产区收集弱筋小麦品种19份、强筋品种24份,对小麦籽粒中的戊聚糖含量以及籽粒基本品质特性进行了测定与统计分析。结果显示,不同类型与品种的小麦籽粒中总戊聚糖(TP)和水溶性戊聚糖(WSP)含量存在极显著差异（P<0.01）;强筋小麦的TP和水不溶性戊聚糖（WUP）平均值较弱筋小麦的偏高,但二者的WSP平均值基本一致。对籽粒的戊聚糖含量与其品质特性进行相关性分析发现,强筋小麦籽粒的WSP含量与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、zel沉降值、面团稳定时间存在正相关关系;弱筋小麦籽粒WSP含量与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、硬度、zel沉降值、形成时间存在负相关关系。通径分析结果显示,蛋白质与湿面筋含量对戊聚糖含量的影响更为显著。由本研究得出结论,强筋与弱筋类型小麦的品质指标对戊聚糖含量的影响有明显不同,建议未来戊聚糖的研究按小麦类型区别对待。 相似文献
6.
氮肥不同时期施用对优质小麦产量和加工品质的影响 总被引：53，自引：2，他引：53
研究优质小麦不同施肥期对产量和加工品质的作用，结果表明：Ｎ肥分基肥、苗肥和拔节肥施用的小麦产量、面粉蛋白质和面团流变学特性为最佳，其中基肥和拔节肥的作用最明显；再施孕穗肥处理，蛋白质增加很小，而小麦产量、面团形成时间反而下降，衰减度增加。增施Ｎ肥显著地提高蛋白质含量，蛋白质与面筋之间呈现极显著线性相关；前期Ｎ肥相对的提高醇溶蛋白组分，后期Ｎ肥则较多的增加碱溶蛋白组分。 相似文献
7.
适量燕麦β-葡聚糖改善面团流变学特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨燕麦β-葡聚糖在强化面粉中应用的可行性,该文利用粉质仪、拉伸仪和糊化仪分析质量分数为0.5%~5.0%燕麦β-葡聚糖的添加对低筋面粉、中筋面粉、高筋面粉及馒头专用粉的流变学特性的影响。结果表明,随着β-葡聚糖添加量的增加,4种面粉面团的的吸水率、形成时间和稳定时间均增大;0.5%~2.0%添加量增强了4种面粉面团的最大拉伸阻力,0.5%~1.0%添加量能够使低筋面粉的拉伸特性接近馒头专用面粉的拉伸特性;燕麦β-葡聚糖能够使中筋面粉的糊化温度稍有升高,但亦能降低馒头专用粉的糊化温度及4种面粉(2.0%~4.0%添加量的低筋面粉及4.0%添加量的高筋面粉除外)的最高黏度、保持黏度、最终黏度、衰减值和回生值。研究表明适量的燕麦β-葡聚糖能够改善面团的流变学特性,研究结果为燕麦β-葡聚糖在强化面粉中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
谷蛋白是以多聚体的形式存在的,在小麦籽粒形成过程中形成越来越多的谷蛋白大聚合体,谷蛋白大聚合体是一个很重要的品质参数,其作用更大于谷蛋白或蛋白质含量。在面筋的形成过程中,谷蛋白的粒度分布也发生变化,而面团特性诸如拉伸仪最大抗拉伸阻力仅与面团中的GMP含量有关,而非全部的谷蛋白聚合体。 相似文献
9.
10.
耕作方式和氮肥水平对旱地冬小麦籽粒品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究不同耕作方式和氮肥水平对旱地冬小麦籽粒品质的影响,选择常规耕作(CT)、秸秆还田(CTI)、全膜覆土穴播(PM)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)4种耕作方式和75(N1)、150(N2)、225(N3)、300 kg·hm~(-2)(N4)4个氮肥水平,在典型的西北旱作雨养农业区甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所清水试验站设计大田试验。结果表明,耕作方式和氮肥水平对小麦蛋白质及其组分含量、湿面筋、面团稳定时间、籽粒产量均有显著或极显著影响。与CT相比,PM显著提高了谷蛋白含量和谷醇比,延长了面团稳定时间,有利于加工品质的改善;而NTS的蛋白质总量、湿面筋、球蛋白、麦谷蛋白、谷醇比均显著低于CT。施氮显著提高了籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋、蛋白质各组分含量,增加了面团延伸性和吸水率。与N1相比,N4冬小麦的醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白、球蛋白、清蛋白分别增加了56.38%、27.60%、20.87%、17.03%;在4种蛋白组分中,施氮更有利于醇溶蛋白的累积,因此过量的氮肥应用显著降低了谷醇比、缩短了面团稳定时间和最大拉伸比值。同一氮肥水平下,不同耕作方式处理的小麦籽粒平均产量依次为PMCTICTNTS,PM下的平均产量为6 259.63 kg·hm~(-2),比CTI、CT、NTS分别高6.24%、10.54%和20.95%。同一耕作方式下,不同氮肥水平处理的小麦籽粒平均产量依次为N2N3N4N1,其中N2下小麦籽粒平均产量达到6 184.64 kg·hm~(-2),比N3、N4、N1分别高5.78%、7.31%、19.06%。综上可知,在甘肃半干旱雨养农业区实施全膜覆土穴播栽培模式,并增施150 kg·hm~(-2)氮肥,既能大幅度增加小麦籽粒产量,也有利于加工品质的改善,是该地区小麦生产实现高产和优产的最佳耕作和供氮模式。本研究结果为甘肃旱作雨养农业区冬小麦的高产、优质栽培提供了理论参考。 相似文献
11.
R. I. Snchez-Mariez M. O. Cortez-Rocha F. Ortega-Dorame M. Morales-Valdes M. I. Silveira 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(4):481-483
The objective of this study was to evaluate how Rhyzopertha dominica infestation of stored wheat grain affects the rheological and baking properties of bread made with the milled flour. Wheat samples were infested with R. dominica and stored for up to 180 days at room temperature. Every 45 days, samples of wheat were collected and evaluated for insect population and flour yield. Flour milled from these wheat samples was evaluated for color reflectance, pH, fat acidity, and rheological properties which were measured by a farinograph. Loaves of bread were baked using a straight-dough procedure. Volume, height, and weight of the loaves were evaluated. None of the analyses performed on the control wheat flours showed any changes during the storage period, and they were similar to the initial wheat. The insect population increased during storage of the wheat up to 90 days, and the flour yield decreased with the storage up to 180 days. Flours from insect-infested wheat absorbed more water than did flours from control wheat. Dough stability and dough development times of infested flours decreased. Bread volume showed a progressive decline throughout the storage experiment. In conclusion, flour from insect-infested wheat exhibited changes in rheological properties such as dough stability, dough development times, water absorption, and mixing stability; bread had an offensive odor; and volume and loaf characteristics were negatively affected. 相似文献
12.
Sergio O. Serna‐Saldivar Sara Guajardo‐Flores Raquel Viesca‐Rios 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(2):220-225
The potential of triticale as a partial or total substitute for wheat in flour tortilla production was evaluated. Different mixtures of triticale and wheat flours were tested in a typical hot‐press formulation. Both grains yielded similar amounts of flour. Wheat flour contained 1.5% more crude protein, 1.6× more gluten, and produced stronger dough than triticale. Triticale flour significantly reduced optimum water absorption and mix time of blends. Flour tortillas with 100% triticale absorbed 8% less water and required 25% of the mix time of the control wheat flour tortilla. The yield of triticale tortillas was lower than the rest of the tortillas due to lower moisture content and water absorption. Triticale dough balls required less proofing and ruptured during hot pressing, thus producing defective tortillas. The 50:50 flour mixture produced doughs with acceptable rheological properties and good quality tortillas. Addition of 1% vital gluten to the 75:25 triticale‐wheat flour mix or 2% to the 100% triticale flour significantly increased water absorption and mix time and improved dough properties and tortilla yields. Textural studies indicated that increasing levels of triticale flour reduced the force required to rupture tortillas. For all tortilla systems, rupture force gradually increased, and extensibility decreased during seven days of storage at room temperature; the highest rate of change occurred during the first day. Sensory evaluation tests indicated that triticale could substitute for 50% of wheat flour without affecting texture, color, flavor, and overall acceptability of tortillas. For production of 100% triticale flour tortillas, at least 2% vital gluten had to be added to the formulation. 相似文献
13.
不同种类大豆蛋白粉对面包加工特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
为探索大豆蛋白作为营养补充剂在面包中应用时，对面团物理特性和焙烤特性产生的影响，该文考察了不同种类的大豆蛋白制品，包括大豆分离蛋白、灭酶全脂粉、活性全脂粉、活性脱脂粉、灭酶脱脂粉对面团粉质特性、拉伸特性和焙烤特性的影响。结果表明，面粉的吸水率与大豆蛋白粉氮溶解指数显著相关，面团的抗拉阻力受大豆蛋白添加量的影响明显。大豆蛋白粉的加入，对面包比体积产生不利影响，下降趋势与大豆蛋白粉对面团拉伸特性的影响显著相关。大豆蛋白粉有软化面包质地的作用，活性全脂粉表现最为明显。大豆蛋白粉的加入量占面粉质量分数的3%时，对面包口感影响不明显，当加入量超过面粉质量分数的7％时，容易出现发粘和豆腥味等现象。 相似文献
14.
Two wheat cultivars, soft white winter wheat Yang‐mai 11 and hard white winter wheat Zheng‐mai 9023, were fractionated by kernel thickness into five sections; the fractionated wheat grains in the 2.7–3.0 mm section were separated sequentially into three fractions according to kernel specific density. Physical properties of unfractionated, fractionated, and separated wheat grains and the physicochemical properties of processed wheat flour were determined. Test weight, relative density, and whiteness of flour in the middle kernel thicknesses were maximal and those properties decreased with increasing or decreasing kernel thickness; they also decreased with decreasing kernel specific density. Extensigraph properties showed the same results. Water absorption of flour and kernel hardness increased with increasing kernel thickness and decreasing kernel specific density. The farinograph properties also were related to kernel thickness and specific density. Pasting viscosity increased with increasing kernel thickness for sections from <2.5 mm to 3.0–3.2 mm, except that the >3.2 mm section was lowest; the kernels with the lightest specific density also were lowest. Thus, the quality of wheat grains with the greatest kernel thickness was not the best, and in fact may be the worst. The quality of wheat grains with small kernel thickness and light kernel specific density generally were worst. Most physicochemical properties of unfractionated and unseparated wheat grains were accurately predicted by the weighted‐average of the different kernel thickness sections and different kernel specific density fractions, except relative density, falling number, dough development time, and pasting temperature. 相似文献
15.
Freezing and prolonged frozen storage of dough results in constant deterioration in the overall quality of the final product. In this study the effect of wheat bran and wheat aleurone as sources of arabinoxylan (AX) on the quality of bread baked from yeasted frozen dough was investigated. Wheat fiber sources were milled to pass through a 0.5 mm screen, prehydrated for 15 min, and incorporated into refined wheat flour at 15% replacement level. Dough products were prepared from refined flour (control A), whole wheat flour (control B), aleurone composite flour (composite flour A), and bran composite flour (composite flour B) and stored at –18°C for 28 weeks. Dough samples were evaluated for breadmaking quality at zero time, 14 weeks, and 28 weeks of storage. Quality parameters evaluated were loaf weight, loaf specific volume, and crumb firmness. Composite flour bread samples showed the most resistance to freeze damage (less reduction in the overall product quality), indicating a possible role of some fiber components (e.g., AX) in minimizing water redistribution in the dough system and therefore lessening adverse modifications to the gluten structure. The data suggest that the shelf life of frozen dough and quality of obtained bread can be improved with the addition of an AX source. 相似文献
16.
Commercial wheat protein fractions (10) were evaluated during processing for quality of tortillas prepared using pastry, tortilla, and bread flours. Protein fractions that separately modify dough resistance and extensibility were evaluated in tortillas to determine whether the proteins could increase diameter, opacity, and shelf stability. Tortillas were prepared using laboratory‐scale, commercial equipment with fixed processing parameters. Dough and tortilla properties were evaluated using analytical methods, a texture analyzer, and subjective methods. Tortillas were stored in plastic bags at 22°C for up to 20 days. Adjustments in water absorption and level of reducing agent were made to normalize differences in functionality of 3% added proteins on dough properties. Tortilla weight, moisture, pH, opacity, and specific volume were not affected by added proteins, except for glutenin and vital wheat gluten treatments, which had decreased opacity in tortillas prepared from pastry flour. Increased insoluble polymeric protein content corresponded to decreased tortilla diameter and improved shelf stability. Treatments yielding tortillas with improved shelf stability and similar tortilla properties were produced when commercially processed vital wheat gluten products, FP600, FP6000, FP5000, or gliadin were added to pastry or tortilla flour. These wheat protein fractions improved processing and tortilla quality of wheat flours, especially pastry flour, by modifying protein content and quality. 相似文献
17.
E. B. Maghirang G. L. Lookhart S. R. Bean R. O. Pierce F. Xie M. S. Caley J. D. Wilson B. W. Seabourn M. S. Ram S. H. Park O. K. Chung F. E. Dowell 《Cereal Chemistry》2006,83(5):520-528
Various whole‐kernel, milling, flour, dough, and breadmaking quality parameters were compared between hard red winter (HRW) and hard red spring (HRS) wheat. From the 50 quality parameters evaluated, values of only nine quality characteristics were found to be similar for both classes. These were test weight, grain moisture content, kernel size, polyphenol oxidase content, average gluten index, insoluble polymeric protein (%), free nonpolar lipids, loaf volume potential, and mixograph tolerance. Some of the quality characteristics that had significantly higher levels in HRS than in HRW wheat samples included grain protein content, grain hardness, most milling and flour quality measurements, most dough physicochemical properties, and most baking characteristics. When HRW and HRS wheat samples were grouped to be within the same wheat protein content range (11.4–15.8%), the average value of many grain and breadmaking quality characteristics were similar for both wheat classes but significant differences still existed. Values that were higher for HRW wheat flour were color b*, free polar lipids content, falling number, and farinograph tolerance. Values that were higher for HRS wheat flour were geometric mean diameter, quantity of insoluble polymeric proteins and gliadins, mixograph mix time, alveograph configuration ratio, dough weight, crumb grain score, and SDS sedimentation volume. This research showed that the grain and flour quality of HRS wheat generally exceeds that of HRW wheat whether or not samples are grouped to include a similar protein content range. 相似文献
18.
Mariotti M Lucisano M Pagani MA Iametti S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(11):4258-4267
The physicochemical properties of the protein and starch fractions of flour obtained from buckwheat grains that were previously dehulled or puffed after dehulling were investigated. Dehulling removed most of the nonprotein, nonstarch components of the grain, without affecting the chemical and structural features of the protein and starch components, as made evident by microstructural and spectroscopic measurements. Puffing resulted in extensive modifications of the interprotein network as well as in most of the properties of the buckwheat starch. Flours obtained from dehulled or puffed after dehulling grains were blended with 60-80% wheat flour and tested for their dough-making ability. Blends containing dehulled and puffed buckwheat flours gave dough of much lower quality than dehulled, but had water-holding properties that may be of interest for the shelf life of baked products. 相似文献
19.
Six genotypes of hard red spring (HRS) wheat were grown at seven environments in North Dakota during 1998. Effects of genotype and environment on glutenin polymeric proteins and dough mixing and baking properties were examined. Genotype, environment, and genotype‐by‐environment interaction all significantly affected protein and dough mixing properties. However, different protein and quality measurements showed differences for relative influences of genotype and environment. Total flour protein content and SDS‐soluble glutenin content were influenced more by environmental than genetic factors, while SDS‐insoluble glutenin content was controlled more by genetic than environmental factors. Significant genotypic and environmental effects were found for the size distribution of SDS‐soluble glutenins and between SDS‐soluble and SDS‐insoluble glutenins as well as % SDS‐insoluble glutenins. With increased flour protein content, the proportions of monomeric proteins and SDS‐insoluble glutenin polymers appeared to increase, but SDS‐soluble glutenins decreased. Flour protein content and the size distribution between SDS‐soluble and SDS‐insoluble glutenin polymers were significantly correlated with dough mixing properties. Environment affected not only total flour protein content but also the content of different protein fractions and size distributions of glutenin polymers, which, in turn, influenced properties of dough mixing. Flour protein content, % SDS‐insoluble glutenin polymers in flour, and ratio of SDS‐soluble to SDS‐insoluble glutenins all were highly associated with dough mixing properties and loaf volume. 相似文献
20.
To investigate the effects of mechanically damaged starch and flour particle size on the texture of fresh and stored flour tortillas, two commercial hard red winter wheat flour samples were reground four times using decreasing roll gaps. Tortillas were made with a modified hot‐press procedure. Texture characteristics were measured after tortillas were stored 2 hr (fresh tortilla), 2 days, and 4 days. Damaged starch and particle size significantly affected (P < 0.05) flour water absorption, dough extensibility and resistance, and dough viscosity. As damaged starch increased and particle size decreased, the flour tortillas became less stretchable, the maximum force of Kramer shear decreased, and firmness and rollability increased. The effects of damaged starch and particle size on stretchability and Kramer shear were greater in fresh tortillas than in stored tortillas and became smaller as the storage time increased. However, the effects of damaged starch and particle size on rollability and firmness were smaller in fresh tortillas than in stored tortillas but became greater as the storage time increased. 相似文献