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本研究从种质资源收集、品种选育、种子生产和质量管理等方面总结了我国草种业发展取得的成就,分析了面临的挑战,提出了建设草种强国的建议。我国已初步建立了完整的草种业体系,已成为世界草种质资源保存大国,自1987年实施品种审定制度以来,已审定通过了651个草类植物新品种,在利用乡土植物优异基因和内生真菌创制新种质等方面,取得了突出成果。所育成品种基本可满足一般生产需求。种子田常年保有面积10万hm2左右,年产种子约10万t。已在全国建立了5个部级检验中心,并在品种审定、特异性、一致性和稳定性（DUS）测试,种子立法等方面建成了较为完整的质量管理体系。面临的挑战是种质资源收集不及我国现有饲草种质资源数的50%,对已有种质资源评价、鉴定工作不足,缺少用于生态修复的草种和草坪草品种。根据国家生态修复规划,每年需草种7万t,目前缺口巨大,每年进口草种5万t左右,主要是高质量商品草和草坪草用种。质量管理体系中缺少种子认证。建议进一步加强种质资源收集、评价与利用;加强乡土草、草坪草及放牧型牧草选育;建立大规模草种生产基地及成果转化渠道;完善种子质量管理体系及提高对草的认识,从科技创新、人才培养、发展政策等方面予以支持。 相似文献
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正草种是草业发展的重要基础,是建设现代草牧业的重要保障。草种作为重要的投入品,在现代畜牧业发展和三元种植结构调整中,发挥着重要的作用。饲草种子的质量关系到动物饲草料的安全,也关系到草牧业的可持续发展。近年来,我国各级草种质检机构在行政主管部门的指导下,不断加强自身建设,科学公正地开展草种质量监督检验,为保障草种质量、推进全国草业和草牧业健康发展,做出了应有的贡献。一、我国草种质检工作稳步提升1.草种质量状况逐步提升。2018年抽检草种中合格率为71.7%,与2017年基本持平。与项目初期相比,草种合格率提高了4个百分点。其中,国产草种合 相似文献
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《农业新技术》2002,(5)
由中国农业大学承担筹建的农业部牧草与草坪草种子质量监督检验测试中心（北京），已顺利通过评审组的“双认证”评审。评审结果报国家质量技术监督检验检疫总局批准后，这个中心将成为我国唯一建立在非草原地区的牧草与草坪草种子质量监督检验测试中心。我国每年进出口草种2万t，草种的检验检测水平与我国草种的进出口贸易健康发展息息相关。随着我国农业产业结构调整以及退耕还林还草工程、天然草原保护工程和环北京地区防沙治沙工程等生态工程的深入开展，社会各界对草业发展给予了极大关注，国内草种市场出现了前所未有的繁荣景象。同时，草种的质量问题越来越受到社会关注。政府相关部门把建设草种生产基地作为保证我国草种质量的切入点，而建立草种质量监督检验测试中心就成为种子基地建设的重要环节。新建立的这个农业部牧草与草坪草种子质量监督检验测试中心（北京），其前身中国农大牧草种子实验室早在1989年就已成为我国唯一加入国际种子检验协会（ISTA）的正式会员实验室，每年接受ISTA会员实验室联合检验样品，促进了我国质检标准同国际的接轨与应用。加入WTO后，该“中心”将是我国与国际接轨最具潜质的草种质检部门，也是我国草种进出口贸易的重要质检机构。我国草种质检... 相似文献
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丹麦是草坪种子出口大国,其在草坪草科学研究、生产方面有几点可以借鉴.丹麦草坪草育种除常规育种外,转基因技术已取得了一定进展;在草坪草种质量方面,采取政府严格控制以及工厂统一清选的做法;草坪种子公司,建立适应不同条件的系列混合草坪草种.回首我国,目前草坪引种急待规范,草坪草种研究生产体系急待加强与完善,草坪科学研究急待提高;希望引起有关方面的高度重视. 相似文献
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《农业新技术》2001,19(4):42
1.种子认证的由来和含义 新育成的品种在推广以后不久就出现了混杂或退化现象.为了保持品种原有的特征特性、发挥其增产作用,欧美国家纷纷建立种子认证制度. 所谓的种子认证是指第三方依据程序通过品种合格性认可、系谱繁殖、过程控制、验证等方式来确认种子批的遗传质量(品种真实性和品种纯度)以及通过认可种子检验室确认种子批的物理质量(净度、发芽率等)符合种子认证方案的要求而给予的书面保证(种子认证证书和认证标签). 2.种子认证是种子产业推行最成功的制度之一近百年的种子认证实践证明了种子认证对推动种子产业化和农业持续发展做出了巨大的贡献,种子认证成为质量控制和营销的主要手段之一,也是种子产业中所推行的最成功的制度之一,连同种子检验、种子立法、品种保护构筑了种子宏观管理的核心.种子认证所发挥的巨大作用可以归纳于以下几个方面:①为农民持续提供优质高产的高质量种子, 保证了种子产业乃至农业生产的持续、健康发展;②促进种子贸易的健康发展;③有利于植物新品种的保护;④保护种子生产者的利益. 相似文献
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"宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来",改革开放30年实乃弹指之间,然而在这短短的30年时间里,我们国家各行各业都发生了翻天覆地的变化,草种作为重要的农业生产资料,关系着畜牧业的发展,关系着生态建设,内蒙古自治区的草种监督检验随着经济和社会的发展,也经历了从无到有、从小到大的质的递变,逐步受到各级领导的重视.在自治区政府和农牧业厅的关心和支持下,内蒙古率先在全国第一批成立牧草种子监督检验机构,率先在全国第一批成为部级牧草种子监督检验中心.草种监督检验为行政执法提供了科学依据,检测范围覆盖牧草种子、花卉种子、中草药种子及其他饲料作物种子,检测标准得到进一步的补充和完善,牧草种子生产正在走向正轨,牧草种子质量状况正在得到逐步改善. 相似文献
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加强牧草种子的监督管理工作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>草种是草业发展中最为重要、最基本的生产资料,草种质量的监督管理已成为保障现代畜牧业良性发展的前提保障。近几年来,随着天然草原退牧还草项目的全面展开和人工饲草料地建设面积的不断扩大,项目建设单位及各级草原行政主管部门,对种子行业的重视程度逐年提高,特别是从法律法规、 相似文献
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Serologic prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, bison, and elk in Montana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
J P Dubey 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,186(9):969-970
Serum samples from 2,539 cattle, 649 sheep, 123 goats, 413 pigs, 93 bison, and 56 elk from Montana were examined for antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in the Sabin-Feldman dye test or the modified agglutination test (MAT). Cattle, bison, and elk serum samples were treated with 0.2 M-mercaptoethanol before examination in MAT. In the dye test, 13.2% of sheep, 5.0% of pigs, and 22.7% of goats had antibody at a dilution of greater than or equal to 1:16. In the MAT, 3.2% of cattle, 3.1% of bison, and none of the elk were positive at a dilution of greater than or equal to 1:128. 相似文献
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Sun M Zhuo W Guo S Liao S Shi D Liu J Cheng Z Liu Y Niu X Wang S Yang D 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):225-228
The present study conducts a serological survey on the presence of canine dirofilariosis in domestic dogs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A total of 310 household dogs (166 females and 144 males) in Chongqing, Kunming, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Nanning in Southern China were examined. Of the 310 dogs, 42 (13.5%) were seropositive for dirofilariosis. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of sex in the seroprevalence of dirofilariosis using the ELISA kit. The positive rates for dirofilariosis were 6.6% in the 0-1-year-old group, 13.8% in the 1-4-year-old group, and 21.6% in the less than 4-year-old group. The statistical analysis revealed that significant differences were observed in the 1-4-year-old group (P=0.037, OR=0.441, 95% CI=0.170-1.144) and less than 4-year-old group (P<0.001, OR=0.256, 95% CI=0.095-0.693). In the regional comparison, the shoreline city Shenzhen (18.8%) had a significantly higher prevalence than urban and mountain areas (P<0.05, OR=0.310, 95% CI=0.066-1.445). In conclusion, Dirofilaria immitis infection in domestic dogs was present in Chongqing, Kunming, Nanchang, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Nanning. Therefore, heartworm treatment and/or chemoprophylaxis for the captured domestic dogs are necessary in these areas. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first using serological methods to examine D. immitis infection in domestic dogs in Mainland China in the recent years. 相似文献
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Gordon ME McKeever KH Betros CL Manso Filho HC 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(3):532-540
Six Standardbred (STB) mares (11+/-2 years, 521+/-77 kg; means+/-SD) performed an exercise trial (EX) where they underwent an incremental exercise test (GXT) as well as a parallel control trial (CON) to test the hypothesis that short-term, high intensity exercise would alter plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin and cortisol. Plasma samples were taken before (0 min), during (last 10s at 6, 8m/s, and the velocity eliciting VO(2max)), and after exercise (2, 10, 30, 60 min; 12 and 24h post-GXT). A second set of blood samples was collected before and after an afternoon meal given at 1515 h (at 1500, 1514, 1530, and 1545 h). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's test. During the GXT, there were no changes (P>0.05) in the plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. However, there was a 29% increase (P<0.05) in mean plasma cortisol concentration and a 35% decrease (P<0.05) in mean plasma insulin concentration. Substantial increases (P<0.05) in the mean plasma concentrations of glucose and cortisol of 36% and 102%, respectively, were seen in the EX trial during the first 60 min post-GXT. Plasma leptin concentration, measured at the 24h post-GXT time point, was 20% lower (P<0.05) during the EX trial compared with the parallel time point in the standing control (CON) trial. Plasma ghrelin concentration was 37% lower (P<0.05) in the EX trial compared with CON before and after the afternoon meal, but was 43% higher (P<0.05) 12h post-GXT. There were no differences between EX and CON for plasma concentrations of insulin or adiponectin during recovery. It was concluded that short-term high intensity exercise alters plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in STB mares post-exercise, which may signal the exercised animals to alter energy intake. 相似文献
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Six insulin-sensitive and 6 insulin-insensitive mares were used in a replicated 3 by 3 Latin square design to determine the pituitary hormonal responses (compared with vehicle) to sulpiride and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 2 compounds commonly used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Mares were classified as insulin sensitive or insensitive by their previous glucose responses to direct injection of human recombinant insulin. Treatment days were February 25, 2012, and March 10 and 24, 2012. Treatments were sulpiride (racemic mixture, 0.01 mg/kg BW), TRH (0.002 mg/kg BW), and vehicle (saline, 0.01 mL/kg BW) administered intravenously. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at −10, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min relative to treatment injection. Plasma ACTH concentrations were variable and were not affected by treatment or insulin sensitivity category. Plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to both sulpiride and TRH injection and were greater (P < 0.05) in insulin-insensitive mares than in sensitive mares. Plasma prolactin concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to both sulpiride and TRH injection, and the response was greater (P < 0.05) for sulpiride; no effect of insulin sensitivity was observed. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to TRH injection only and were higher (P < 0.05) in insulin-sensitive mares in almost all time periods. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations varied with time (P < 0.05), particularly in the first week of the experiment, but were not affected by treatment or insulin sensitivity category. Plasma GH concentrations were affected (P < 0.05) only by day of treatment. The greater MSH responses to sulpiride and TRH in insulin-insensitive mares were similar to, but not as exaggerated as, those observed by others for PPID horses. In addition, the reduced TSH concentrations in insulin-insensitive mares are consistent with our previous observation of elevated plasma triiodothyronine concentrations in hyperleptinemic horses (later shown to be insulin insensitive as well). 相似文献
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Franz S Kahlbacher H Schuh M Schmerold I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(3-4):153-159
The aim of this study was to investigate in 20 healthy pigs the practicability of the oesophagogastroduodenoscopic examination technique in regard to equipment, method of examination, indications and its suitability as a diagnostical tool for the assessment of the oesophagus, stomach and upper duodenum in one procedure. Preparation of the patient for endoscopy, the procedure of the endoscopic examination as well as the topographical findings of the upper intestinal tract including the duodenum until the flexura duodenojejunalis are described. Flexible oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is a suitable method for the observation and natural visualisation of mucosal surfaces and for the digital documentation of peristaltic movements. The procedure is easy to perform in anaesthetized animals, is in most cases completed within 15 min, and can be repeated in the same animal. Indications of this interesting diagnostic imaging technique are discussed. 相似文献
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Encephalitis in horses in Hillsborough County, Florida, 1964 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W L Jennings R A Kathein A L Lewis J O Bond 《American journal of veterinary research》1967,28(125):965-970
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Inflammation of the bile ducts is common in cats. This review article reports on what is currently known about the various types of cholangitis (i.e., cholangitis caused by liver flukes, neutrophilic cholangitis, and lymphocytic cholangitis). Treatment is available for cholangitis caused by liver flukes and for neutrophilic cholangitis, and the prognosis is good. However, the cause of lymphocytic cholangitis is not known and there is currently no evidence-based therapy. Several causes are mentioned in the literature, but more research is needed in order to establish the cause of this disease and to develop an appropriate therapy. 相似文献