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许多研究表明,世界大豆品种产量随着育成年代呈显著增加,但自20世纪90年代以来我围育成大豆品种的产量增加幅度有放缓和停止不前的变化趋势.说明以农艺性状为选择目标的常规育种其品种的产量潜力已受到限制.迫切需要建立新的育种目标和计划.大豆育种工作者在对大豆晶种产量和农艺性状进行定向改良时,并没有考虑生理性状的改良,也不清楚生理性状发生了哪些变化.许多研究表明,大豆品种遗传改良过程中其生理性状也发生了变化,并与产量呈密切相关.对1923年至2005年间育成的40个大豆品种农艺性状和生理性状的研究表明,生理性状与产量和农艺性状相比,其改善的幅度较小,说明大豆生理性状的遗传改良孕育着巨大的产量潜力.建立以生理性状为目标的育种程序,定向改变大豆的生物学和生理学特性,是提升当前我国大豆育种水平.实现产量突破的重要途径.总结作者及课题绀成员近几年来埘吉林省1923年以来育成的大豆品种农艺性状和生理性状的比较研究结果,认为大豆叶片的光合能力、表观叶肉导度、硝酸还原酶活性和根瘤的数量具有作为高产品种选择指标的价值,有待于对其进行选择成本、可靠性、关联性和可替代性进行研究,用于高产大豆品种的选育和改良计划. 相似文献
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从品种志分析吉林省大豆八十五年来育种方法及农艺特性演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据品种志和选育报告(1923~2007年)分析了吉林省大豆育种方法和大豆农艺性状的演变。结果表明:随着年代推移,育种方法由系统选育、杂交选育又增加了引种、优势育种、花粉管通道育种和诱变选育技术。农艺性状方面,不同年代品种的株高、节数变幅不大,20世纪90年代以后略有增加;百粒重随着年代推移一直呈增加趋势;结荚习性表现为亚有限型品种比例增加,无限型和有限型比例下降,并且亚有限品种近些年占据主导地位;叶形表现为圆叶品种比例下降,尖叶品种逐渐增加;品种耐密性有下降趋势。 相似文献
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中美半矮秆大豆杂交早期世代农艺性状遗传变异研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
以三个中美半矮秆大豆杂交组合为材料,通过对其自交及回交后代各主要农艺性状的遗传参数的分析,为半矮秆大豆后代的选择和品种选育育种提供了一定的理论依据。试验结果表明：中美半矮秆大豆品种间其性状特别是分枝性状的明显差异,加之地理远缘等原因,其Ｆ１代多数农艺性状具有明显的超亲优势,自交及回交后代分枝性状有着超常幅度的变异;除了与通常杂交组合中株高、主茎节数、百粒重等表现较大的遗传力相同外,此种组合后代的分枝性状也表现了较高的遗传力。中美半矮秆大豆杂交后代所有分枝性状变异广泛,相对预期遗传进度大,且与目标性状产量相关值较大,决定了在此组合早代选择的必要性。 相似文献
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夏大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用灰色系统理论中灰色关联度分析的方法对山东省新育成的18个大豆新品种的主要农艺性状与单株产量进行了关联度分析，结果表明：有限结英习性的大豆品种单株产量与主要农艺性状的关联度从大到小的排列顺序依次为：主茎节数、百粒重、单株英数、株高、单株粒数、底荚高、分枝数；而亚有限结英习性的大豆品种单株产量与主要农艺性状的关联度从大到小依次为：单株粒数、单株荚数、主茎节数、株高、百粒重、底荚高、分枝数。明确了夏大豆主要农艺性状对单株产量的影响关系，为选育高产夏大豆品种提供参考依据。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献. 相似文献