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细胞凋亡是机体为维持内环境稳定,由基因控制的细胞自主的有序的死亡。主要对细胞凋亡中信号的传导、染色体的变化以及Bcl-2家族蛋白和半胱氨酸—门冬氨酸特异蛋白酶在细胞凋亡中的作用作一介绍,以期为进一步研究细胞凋亡机制奠定基础。 相似文献
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细胞凋亡信号转导途径及调控的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
细胞凋亡是机体维持自身稳定的一种基本生理机制 ,是有许多基因产物及细胞因子参与的一种有序的细胞自我消亡形式。通过细胞凋亡 ,机体可清除损伤、衰老与突变的细胞来维持自身的稳态平衡和各种器官及系统的正常功能。细胞凋亡可被多种生理性、病理性及其它因素所诱发 ,它的发生过程可分为启始阶段、效应阶段和降解阶段。由于细胞凋亡是一种复杂的生理及病理现象 ,所以在其发生的 3个阶段中涉及不同的信号转导途径及其调控。其中死亡受体途径、线粒体途径和内质网途径是细胞凋亡信号转导的重要途径。这 3条途径的密切联系和相互作用 ,完成了凋亡信号的传导并最终促进或抑制细胞凋亡。另一方面 ,3条途径分别受到包括 Bc1 -2家族蛋白在内的许多因素的调控。它们和 caspase、Bcl-2家族蛋白、smac、调节抑制蛋白及胞内信号转导途径等构成一个复杂的网络机构诱导细胞凋亡并对其进行严密的调控。 相似文献
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线粒体与细胞凋亡 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的细胞自杀性死亡过程,是机体维持自身稳定的一种基本生理机制。机体通过细胞凋亡清除损伤、衰老与突变的细胞,维持生理平衡。通过对细胞凋亡的研究发现,线粒体在调节细胞凋亡中发挥着关键作用。尤其是被称为细胞凋亡主开关的线粒体通透性改变孔(MitochondrionPermeabilitytransitionPore,MPTP),它是细胞色素C、Smac、AIF等凋亡诱导因子的主要来源。本文以MPTP的开放、细胞色素C、AIF在细胞凋亡中的作用以及Bcl-2家族对细胞凋亡的调控做一综述,以便广大读者能系统地了解线粒体在细胞凋亡中的作用。 相似文献
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线粒体在细胞凋亡中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
细胞凋亡属机体的生理机制 ,是多细胞生物更新正常细胞和清除异常细胞的重要手段 ,线粒体为细胞各种生命活动提供能量 ,二者紧密相关 ;线粒体参与细胞凋亡 ,并且是细胞凋亡的调控中心。淋巴细胞 ,巨噬细胞 ,神经细胞 ,肿瘤细胞等的凋亡都证实了这一点 ;NO和 Ca2 诱导的细胞凋亡也通过线粒体来完成 ;在线粒体调控细胞凋亡机理的研究上也有大量研究成果 ,如 :半胱天冬酶的诱导机制 ,细胞色素 c引起细胞凋亡的机制 ,胞内氧化还原电势改变引起细胞凋亡 ,Bcl-2家族蛋白调控细胞凋亡等。但线粒体参与调控的凋亡机制并不是唯一的细胞凋亡通路。本文综述了近年来有关线粒体与细胞凋亡关系的研究进展 相似文献
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多细胞生物体的生长、分化、自我更新过程中广泛存在程序性细胞凋亡,表现为染色体浓缩,细胞核内出现空泡,染色体与细胞分解成几个部分,最后再裂解成更多更小的碎片.哺乳动物精子发生是一个细胞高度增殖分化的过程,机体通过介导精原细胞、精母细胞、精子的凋亡机制来保证精子不会无限制分化,并维持精子更新与受精能力 本文重点就钙/镁-依赖性核酸内切酶、核酸酶伴侣ICAD、Caspase家族、ROS、Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL、HSP、HSF、p53等11个因子讨论了细胞凋亡与精子分化关系的研究进展. 相似文献
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多细胞生物体的生长、分化、自我更新过程中广泛存在程序性细胞凋亡,表现为染色体浓缩,细胞核内出现空泡,染色体与细胞分解成几个部分,最后再裂解成更多更小的碎片.哺乳动物精子发生是一个细胞高度增殖分化的过程,机体通过介导精原细胞、精母细胞、精子的凋亡机制来保证精子不会无限制分化,并维持精子更新与受精能力.本文重点就钙/镁-依赖性核酸内切酶、核酸酶伴侣ICAD、Caspase家族、ROS、Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL、HSP、HSF、p53等11个因子讨论了细胞凋亡与精子分化关系的研究进展. 相似文献
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Expression of Bcl-2 in feline lymphoma cell lines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kano R Sato E Okamura T Watanabe S Hasegawa A 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(1):57-60
BACKGROUND: The Bcl-2 gene is a member of the rapidly expanding Bcl-2 family of genes that regulate apoptosis. Bcl-2 has been shown to repress cell death triggered by a diverse array of stimuli, including chemotherapy and gamma irradiation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine feline Bcl-2 expression level in feline lymphoma cells using an immunoblot assay with anti-human and anti-canine Bcl-2 monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: About 708 base pairs containing the coding sequence of the feline Bcl-2 gene were transformed into Escherichia coli. The recombinant Bcl-2 was used as a positive control for an immunoblot assay using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human and canine Bcl-2. An immunoblot assay using the monoclonal antibodies was carried out to determine the level of feline Bcl-2 expression in lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia cell lines. RESULTS: The recombinant feline Bcl-2 protein produced in E. coli had a molecular weight of about 26 kDa and was detected by immunoblot assay by using anti-human Bcl-2 mouse monoclonal antibody. Feline Bcl-2 expression was high in lymphoma cell lines (FL-74-UDC-1 and FT-1) and low in the cell line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy cat (FeTJ-1) but not low in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy cat. The anti-human Bcl-2 mouse monoclonal antibody was found to cross-react with feline Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the expression of Bcl-2 in T-cell lymphoma cell lines and indicate that it is suitable to detect feline Bcl-2 using an immunoblot assay. Pending further evaluation, Bcl-2 expression might be useful in the differential diagnosis of feline tumors. 相似文献
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M Colitti 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(4):237-247
This review focuses on the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members involved in apoptosis, which is the predominant process controlling cell remodelling during post-lactational mammary gland involution. The members of the Bcl-2 protein family, whose expression levels are under the control of lactogenic hormones, internally control this mechanism also during lactation. They can physically interact with each other, sometimes in an antagonistic manner. Mammary glands undergo repeated cycles of structural development, functional differentiation and regression, therefore provide a unique model for investigating this family of proteins that regulate the fate of the secretory cells and consequently milk yield. The involvement of Bcl-2 family members is reviewed in mammary tissue during morphogenesis, at different stages of lactation cycle and in comparison with dairy and laboratory animals. 相似文献
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为了探讨莲草多糖和黄酮对诱导鸡MD肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用效果及其可能的作用机制,试验以鸡MDCC-MSB1细胞系为研究对象,通过观察细胞形态变化,分析细胞DNA片段化及半定量RT-PCR法检测莲草多糖和黄酮在安全浓度范围内对鸡MD肿瘤细胞凋亡及Bcl-2 mRNA表达的影响。结果表明,莲草多糖和黄酮能诱导MDCC-MSB1细胞凋亡,并降低MDCC-MSB1细胞内Bcl-2 mRNA的表达水平,致使细胞抗凋亡能力下降,进而发挥其药物作用。 相似文献
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作者首先简述了Bcl-2蛋白家族成员Bcl-xL蛋白的结构与功能,Bcl-xL蛋白是体内重要的抗凋亡蛋白,其头部折叠结构完全符合Bcl-2家族蛋白结构模型,对多种细胞具有保护作用;其次介绍了Bcl-xL蛋白的功能增强型突变体PTD-FNK蛋白的生物学特性、功能、作用机制及临床应用情况,其对体内外细胞的穿透能力很强,可能通过抑制细胞线粒体途径的凋亡对不同类型细胞受到的多种损伤刺激产生良好的防御作用,这种组织细胞保护作用目前已经在临床治疗上被广泛应用。目前两种蛋白批量生产及实践应用的难点是其原核表达形式为包涵体,需要经过复杂的复性过程才能获取可溶性蛋白,且蛋白在复性过程中损耗极大。通过探索诱导两种蛋白表达的最优条件,大量诱导蛋白的可溶性表达并且进行纯化是今后研究工作的重点和方向,可为更好地推进其在组织细胞常温、低温、冷冻保存及医学临床中的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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WANG Ying-qun SHI Bo-mei LI Xun XU Chun-rong LI Mei-zhen TANG Rong-fu WANG Xiao-ye HU Chuan-huo 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(7):1967-1974
In this article,firstly,the structure and functions of Bcl-xL protein is briefly introduced. It is believed that Bcl-xL protein as a member of the Bcl-2 family,has the same head folding structures as Bcl-2 family,which plays an important role in suppressing apoptosis of cell and protecting various cells from injury. Then the author introduces the biological properties,functions, mechanisms and clinical application of PTD-FNK protein (a gain-of-function mutant of Bcl-xL). It is thought that PTD-FNK protein is able to rapidly penetrate into cell in vitro and in vivo, and can protect various types of cells from many damage through the inhibition of apoptosis in the path of mitochondrion,so being a potent protein with various therapeutic applications. Finally,the author points out that the difficulty of mass production and practical application of two proteins is that prokaryotic expression of the proteins is inclusion body,which need the complex refolding process in order to obtain soluble proteins,and proteins' loss in the refolding process is great. The priorities and direction of future research are to realize the soluble expression and purify the two proteins in large quantities by optimizing expression conditions of induction,laying the foundation of their application to clinical medicine and cell preservation under room temperature, low temperature and frozen condition. 相似文献
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为研究断喙应激对雏鸡胸腺细胞凋亡及相关凋亡蛋白表达的影响,采用电子显微镜技术、流式细胞术和免疫组织化学技术分析断喙对鸡胸腺淋巴细胞的细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及相关凋亡蛋白(Bcl-2和Bax)表达的影响.结果表明:采用电子显微镜技术观察到断喙对胸腺淋巴细胞产生明显的影响,断喙组胸腺细胞内可看到细胞核明显的应激反应,细胞核凝集,较致密,部分细胞核即将溶解,并出现一定数量的凋亡和坏死细胞;流式细胞仪检测表明对照组和断喙组的胸腺内淋巴细胞都是以G1期为主,但断喙组G1期淋巴细胞数量比试验组高;对照组和断喙组胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡率在断喙后5d时差异显著(P＜0.05);免疫组化结果表明断喙应激没有影响Bcl-2和Bax蛋白在免疫器官内的表达部位;但有降低Bcl 2在胸腺细胞内表达量的趋势;有提高Bax在胸腺细胞内表达量的趋势.结果表明断喙应激促进了雏鸡胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡. 相似文献
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Madewell BR Gandour-Edwards R Edwards BF Walls JE Griffey SM 《Veterinary pathology》1999,36(6):565-573
The bcl-2 family of genes encodes proteins that influence apoptosis. In the present immunohistochemical study, the topographic distribution of bcl-2 protein was examined in healthy feline fetal, neonatal, and adult tissues, a feline renal cell line, and feline tumors obtained from a veterinary hospital. The topographic distribution of bcl-2 in healthy tissues was similar to that described in human tissues. In lymphoid tissues, follicular mantle cells strongly expressed bcl-2. In complex and differentiating epithelium, bcl-2 expression was detected in stem cell and proliferation zones. Bcl-2 expression was also detected in lower crypts of the intestine and in skin basal layers. The feline Crandell kidney cells expressed bcl-2 diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Of 180 tumors examined, bcl-2 was expressed almost uniformly in cutaneous basal cell tumors, thyroid adenomas, and mammary carcinomas and in 50% of the lymphomas examined. Bcl-2 may play a role in blocking apoptotic cell death in a broad range of normal feline tissues, whereas dysregulated bcl-2 may extend the life of certain tumors or render certain tumors resistant to therapy because most chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic agents eliminate tumor cells by triggering apoptosis. 相似文献