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C. K. Woon 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(1):15-20
The competitiveness of hemp sesbania ( Sesbania exaltata [Raf.] RYBD. EX A. W. Hill) with sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) grown in two row spacings was evaluated at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Agricultural Experiment Station in 1982 and 1983. Sunflower and hemp sesbania at densities of 3 to 5 and 13 to 16 plants per meter row, respectively, were interseeded in 61 and 91 cm row spacings in field test plots. Hemp sesbania plants were removed at different sunflower growth stages. In 1982, weed removal treatments were: (1) weedy check, (2) weed-free check, (3) weed removal at 15-leaf stage, (4) removal at 20%, (5) 50% and (6) 100% sunflower anthesis. Treatments in 1983 consisted of: (1) weedy check, (2) weed-free check, (3) weed removal at 10-leaf stage, (4) bud stage, (5) pre-anthesis, (6) 10% anthesis, and (7) 100% anthesis. Sunflower yields were significantly decreased by hemp sesbania competition each year, except for the weed competition treatments in 91 cm row spacing in 1982. Generally, the longer the weeds were allowed to compete with sunflower, the greater the sunflower yield reduction. Yield reductions of 5% to 6% and 25% or more were observed when hemp sesbania was allowed to compete with sunflower until the 10-leaf and anthesis stages of sunflower growth, respectively. When hemp sesbania was allowed to compete with sunflower for the entire growing season, yield was reduced by as much as 35%. Reducing row width from 91 cm to 61 cm did not improve sunflower's ability to compete with hemp sesbania. Thus, hemp sesbania is quite competitive with sunflower and should be controlled during early vegetative growth in order to minimize yield loss. 相似文献
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为达到一次使用除草剂兼防胡麻田阔叶杂草与禾本科杂草,笔者开展了2甲·辛酰溴等3种新型阔叶杂草除草剂与高效氟吡甲禾灵等7种禾本科杂草除草剂混用苗期茎叶喷雾防除胡麻田杂草试验。结果表明:40%2甲·辛酰溴EC 1500 mL/hm2或30%辛酰溴苯腈EC 1500 mL/hm2与108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 1500 mL/hm2等7种禾本科杂草除草剂混用对胡麻田阔叶杂草均具优良防效,株防效和鲜重防效在94.17%~98.71%之间。40%2甲·辛酰溴EC 1500 mL/hm2或30%辛酰溴苯腈EC 1500 mL/hm2、80%溴苯腈SP 600 g/hm2与108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 1500 mL/hm2或10%精喹禾灵EC 900 mL/hm2、50 g/L唑啉草酯EC 1350 mL/hm2、15%炔草酯WP 750 g/hm2混用对胡麻田禾本科杂草均具优良防效,株防效和鲜重防效在97.22%~100%之间。从安全性、兼防效果、用药成本和增产效果综合评价,40%2甲·辛酰溴EC 1500 mL/hm2或30%辛酰溴苯腈EC 1500 mL/hm2+108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 1500 mL/hm2或10%精喹禾灵EC 900 mL/hm2是苗期茎叶喷雾一次用药兼防胡麻田阔叶杂草与禾本科杂草的最佳组合,宜在胡麻生产中大面积推广应用。 相似文献
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苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm2;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。 相似文献
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为有效防除节节麦和1年生阔叶杂草的危害,筛选具有较好控制作用的除草剂,笔者开展3%世玛油悬浮剂与3%双氟磺草胺·唑草酮悬浮剂混配防除冬小麦田恶性杂草田间药效试验。试验表明,小麦返青期进行茎叶喷雾施药,药后30天对婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪秧秧和荠菜株防效可达50.0%~72.5%,药后45天对婆婆纳、播娘蒿、猪秧秧和荠菜鲜株防效可达67.2%~95.8%,对节节麦鲜株防效可达81.3%。说明3%世玛油悬浮剂与3%双氟磺草胺·唑草酮悬浮剂混配可有效防除节节麦和1年生阔叶杂草,能够达到小麦返青后的最佳除草效果。同时田间调查显示该混配对小麦安全。 相似文献
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Annual rye grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a serious and wide spread problem in cereal crops. A field experiment with a promising herbicide diclofop [(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 0.56, 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai/ha, in comparison to commonly used linuron [ N' -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N -methoxy- N -methylurea] at 0.84, 1.12 and 1.41 kg ai/ha was conducted to control rye grass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.). The herbicides were applied as soil-incorporated, preemergence and post-emergence. Results showed that diclofop is less phytotoxic than Linuron and the postemergence application of these herbicides was more phytotoxic on all cereal crops. Diclofop applied at 1.12 kg/ha, gave almost 100 percent rye grass control and produced 45 and 115 kg/ha higher grain yields in pre- and postemergence methods, respectively, as compared to the soil-incorporated method. 相似文献
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The allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (gum tree) fresh and dried leaf leachates was studied using two perennial weeds, viz. purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) as test weeds. Aqueous leachate of fresh leaves of eucalyptus significantly suppressed the establishment of vegetative propagules and early seedling growth of the weeds. Leachate of fresh leaf cuttings had growth inhibitory effect on bermuda grass but showed growth promotion effect on purple nutsedge. Similarly the leachate of dried leaves of eucalyptus had differential influence on the growth of the two weeds. There is a possibility to harness the allelochemicals of eucalyptus leaves as herbicides for the management of these perennial weeds. 相似文献
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筛选对谷子安全且杀草效果较好的谷田芽前除草剂品种及施用剂量。以张杂谷10号为材料,针对覆膜穴播谷子膜间杂草危害问题,在前期试验的基础上选择乙草胺和异丙甲草胺两种芽前除草剂,设置不同剂量（乙草胺：2.25、4.50、6.75、9.00L/hm 2;异丙甲草胺：3.00、6.00、9.00、12.00L/hm 2）,于谷子播后苗前进行土壤处理,从出苗率、形态指标、产量考察除草剂对谷子的安全性,从杂草株数、鲜重考察除草剂的防效。结果表明：2.25L/hm 2剂量的乙草胺和3.00、6.00L/hm 2剂量的异丙甲草胺处理对谷子较安全,出苗率、株高、叶面积等形态指标与对照均无显著差异,可使谷子不同程度地增产;4.50~9.00L/hm 2剂量的乙草胺和9.00~12.00L/hm 2剂量的异丙甲草胺对禾本科杂草防效较好,最高可达99%以上,对阔叶杂草防效最高可达90%以上,但显著抑制谷子出苗、株高和叶面积,对产量也有一定影响。因此,覆膜穴播谷田应用乙草胺推荐2.25L/hm 2,异丙甲草胺推荐6.00L/hm 2,对谷子安全且能有效控制谷田杂草。 相似文献
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【目的】为有效筛选并推荐丰产性、稳定性和经济性好的免耕山地油菜化学除草技术在低纬高原山区推广应用,【方法】采用灰色关联度和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市2013-2015三年4个不同海拔试点的9种化除处理进行杂草防效、丰产性、稳定性和经济性对比分析。【结果】结果表明：(1)免耕山地油菜杂草涉及3纲12目11科25属26种,其中以胜红蓟、辣子草、尼泊尔蓼和马唐4种居多,分别占杂草总数的43.80%、34.04%、10.40%和4.41%;(2)不同化学除草处理油菜主要农艺因子与产量的关联度有明显差异,其中,油菜单株有效角果数与产量关联度最大;(3)不同化学除草处理之间的防效有不同程度的差异,其中,药后30天防效在80%以上的有3个处理,其杂草防效分别为89.8%、89.6%和85.6%;(4)不同化学除草处理之间的油菜产量都有不同程度的差异,尤其产量居前2位的2个处理与对照清水、丙酯草醚、精奎禾灵、禾耐斯4个处理之间产量达极显著差异,两处理分别比对照增产52.25%和50.04%;(5)草甘膦+禾耐斯、草甘膦+禾耐斯+丙酯草醚+精奎禾灵2个处理在4个试点的丰产性和稳定性综合评价均为很好,但前者比后者节省成本1065.0元/hm2。【结论】推荐低纬高原山区免耕油菜采用分段化学除草方法,即油菜播种前10-15天用41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS4.5kg/hm2+油菜播后芽前用90%禾耐斯EC600ml/hm2对水600kg均匀喷施墒面和沟。 相似文献
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除草剂为作物产量提供保障的同时,对作物造成的药害也频繁发生。为此,本文以目前陇东旱塬区主栽玉米品种为试验材料,选用对恶性杂草具有良好防除效果的除草剂,明确了75%二氯吡啶酸SG、90%莠去津WG和56% 2甲4氯钠盐SP 3个单剂及其2个混配配方对玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响,以期为玉米的安全生产提供依据。结果表明：参试除草剂在药后0~7天及不同生育期对玉米生长均无直观影响。75%二氯吡啶酸SG、90%莠去津WG、75%二氯吡啶酸SG+90%莠去津WG对苗期玉米株高稍有影响,但随着玉米自身防御能力的增强,除草剂对之后各生育期的玉米株高无显著抑制作用。不同除草剂对各生育期玉米茎粗无抑制作用,玉米果穗粗、果穗有效长、穗粒数和百粒重无显著差异。各除草剂处理后玉米产量较空白对照增加21.93%~30.22%,较人工除草对照增加-2.91%~3.69%。可见,供试除草剂对玉米安全性高,可应用于玉米田的杂草防除。 相似文献
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1999~2000年进行了90%盖萨林水分散颗粒剂（WG）防除春玉米田杂草的效果及对春玉米的安全性田间小区试验。结果表明,90%盖萨林WG对春玉米田的藜、本氏蓼、反枝苋、龙葵等阔叶杂草有良好的防除效果,而对苍耳、苘麻及禾本科杂草防效较差。春玉米播后苗前土壤处理,适宜的用药量为90%盖萨林1620~1890(g·ai)/hm2(有效成份用量),对阔叶杂草总的株数和鲜重防效均在90%以上,在上述推荐剂量范围内对春玉米安全。 相似文献
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不同除草剂配方组合对直播稻田抗药性杂草控制作用评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确不同除草剂配方组合防除直播稻田抗药性杂草的情况,于2009-2010年在洞庭湖稻区进行了田间试验。结果表明：处理后45天,二次使用二氯喹啉酸对稗草的株防效和鲜重防效仅分别为53.1%和65.5%,表明该稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸已产生抗药性。两年的试验结果显示,除草剂配方组合1、2、3对抗药性稗草及其群落具有优良的防效,均在90%以上。通过两年的田间试验研究发现洞庭湖稻区稻田稗草对二氯喹啉酸已产生抗药性,试验中采用的3个除草剂配方组合在不同年份轮换使用,可避免或延缓新的抗药性杂草发生,具有良好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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内蒙古武川地区燕麦田杂草发生情况 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了安全、高效地防除杂草,采用样方调查法对内蒙古武川地区燕麦田间杂草的种类和分布情况进行了调查,结果表明：内蒙古武川地区燕麦田杂草共13科22属27种,其中阔叶杂草21种,占91.30%;禾本科杂草2种,占8.70%。主要杂草有狗尾草、藜、沙蓬、猪毛菜、苣荬菜等。免耕田内杂草种类多于常规耕作,免耕不覆盖的杂草发生严重;免耕覆盖的杂草发生较轻。 相似文献
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Lakhpat Singh Rawat R. K. Maikhuri Yateesh M. Bahuguna N. K. Jha P. C. Phondani 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(1):45-60
Recent developments in weed science and allied aspects have involved several interdisciplinary approaches. In this context, indiscriminate use of herbicides for weed control has become a questionable subject, which besides controlling the weeds, the chemical herbicides are harmful in many ways to soil, crops, other plants and the environment as a whole. Taking into consideration ecologically sound weed management, in modern days the reliance on chemical herbicides has decreased and a shift towards naturally occurring biological herbicides has received great attention throughout the world. Sunflower is an annual dicotyledonous plant, herbaceous, erect, and a native of North America. It is thermo and photo-insensitive, hence it can be grown year round in sub-tropical and tropical countries. Only two spp. Helianthus annuus L. and Helianthus tuberosum are cultivated for food, the remaining spp., are ornamentals weeds and wild plants. However, H. annuus is allelopathic and inhibits the growth and development of other plants thus reducing their productivity. Sunflower is a major oil-yielding crop in India and its cultivation in northwest India started 25 to 30 years ago in areas located in the plains. In this region, rice-wheat rotation became very popular owing to its high yields; however, these crops are highly infested by weeds, thus farmers use herbicides for their control. Hence, this rotation consumes a maximum quantity of herbicides in this region, which has resulted in several problems viz., environmental pollution, human health hazards, and development of herbicide resistance in weeds. Thus, serious ecological questions about the reliance on herbicides for weed control in this rotation have been raised. One of the alternatives to overcome these problems is with the use of allelopathic strategies, including the use of weed-smothering crops for weed management and for the sustainability of agriculture. The field, pot culture, and laboratory studies have shown that inclusion of sunflower crops in rotation and intercropping considerably reduced the weed population in the current and succeeding crops. Rhizosphere soil of sunflower drastically smothered the weed germination, population, and biomass. The residual suppression effect of sunflower also persisted in the next crop up to 75 days. Thus, it is conceptualized that the inclusion of such oilseed crops before the rice crop in the rice-wheat rotation may provide satisfactory weed control in the succeeding rice crops and may minimize the use of herbicides. Likewise, the replacement of sorghum by summer sunflower oilseed crops may also help in the control of summer as well as winter weeds. More studies in this direction may provide avenues for satisfactory weed management in agro-ecosystems and may help to minimize the use of herbicides and thereby pave the way to develop sustainable agricultural practices for biodiversity conservation and enhancing biological integrity. 相似文献
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不同除草剂对蚕豆田间杂草及蚕豆生长和根瘤的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为筛选适于蚕豆田间的高效、安全除草剂,以四川省主栽品种‘成胡15号’为试验材料,选用7种除草剂（2种苗前、5种苗后除草剂）,设人工除草和等量清水喷雾2种对照,调查秋蚕豆田杂草种类,研究不同除草剂对蚕豆田杂草的防除效果、对蚕豆根瘤生长和蚕豆农艺性状及产量等的影响。结果表明：（1）蚕豆田间杂草共13科42种,最主要的是菊科、禾本科、苋科、蓼科和十字花科。（2）33%除草通、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松3种处理能有效防治杂草,防效均为3级。（3）施用除草剂和人工除草均会影响蚕豆根瘤生长,15%精喹禾灵和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松处理均能提高根瘤鲜重和干重。（4）33%除草通处理增加蚕豆单株粒数效果显著,960 g/L精异丙甲草胺和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松2种处理可显著增加蚕豆有效分枝、单株荚数和单株粒数,15%精喹禾灵显著提高蚕豆株高。33%除草通、5%精禾草克和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松3种处理表现出显著增产作用。结合草害防效、根瘤生长、蚕豆农艺性状及产量结果,在本试验条件下,秋播蚕豆田除草剂推荐苗前施用33%除草通、苗后采用15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松混合处理。 相似文献
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不同群落结构麦田杂草的化学防治及药剂敏感性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究除草剂在不同杂草群落结构麦田中的防治效果,探索杂草对不同药剂的敏感性,以期为麦田杂草的化学防控提供支持。通过田间小区试验的方法,测定了不同除草剂在冬小麦阔叶杂草田、禾草田、禾阔混生田的防治效果。结果表明：双氟磺草胺对阔叶杂草的效果最好,禾草发生较多的田块及禾阔混生田以甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆为好;播娘蒿、荠菜等对大部分防治阔叶杂草的药剂依然较为敏感,其中双氟磺草胺敏感性最高,并对恶性杂草猪殃殃有特效;大部分禾本科杂草对甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆敏感,但只有甲基二磺隆对恶性杂草节节麦有良好的防治效果。以阔叶杂草为主的小麦田首选双氟磺草胺,以禾本科杂草及禾阔混生的小麦田宜选择甲基二磺隆。 相似文献
19.
蚕豆田除草剂筛选初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用田间试验方法,研究了3种阔叶杂草除草剂复配1种禾本科杂草除草剂对蚕豆田间杂草的防效和安全性,筛选适于内蒙古中部蚕豆田使用的除草剂。结果表明,3种防除阔叶杂草的除草剂即10%乙羧氟草醚EC、21.4%三氟羧草醚AS、48%苯达松AS与1种禾本科杂草除草剂即5%精喹禾灵EC复配,不论是常量组合处理还是倍量组合处理,对蚕豆田杂草均具有较好的防效。所有处理对杂草的鲜重防效都高于株防效;对稗草的防效相当,差异不显著;对杂草的总防效以及阔叶杂草藜和反枝苋的防效3个倍量组合处理都显著好于常量组合处理,差异达极显著水平。田间安全性调查显示,5%精喹禾灵EC 60g/hm 2+48%苯达松AS 720、1 440g/hm 2处理对蚕豆有很好的安全性,可放心使用;其次是5%精喹禾灵EC 60g/hm 2+21.4%三氟羧草醚AS 321、642g/hm 2处理,5%精喹禾灵EC 60g/hm 2+10%乙羧氟草醚EC 90、180g/hm 2处理对蚕豆安全性较差,不建议使用。 相似文献
20.
几种茎叶除草剂防除高粱田杂草药效和安全性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选出高粱田除草效果好、价格适宜的苗后茎叶除草剂。在高粱苗后6叶期采用茎叶施药进行田间药效试验,比较了6种茎叶除草剂的药效、安全性及成本。结果表明,6种除草剂对高粱均无明显药害;38%莠去津SC 1 500mL/hm 2+增效剂450mL/hm 2对高粱田难防禾本科杂草有特效,株防效和鲜重防效分别为91.41%和93.54%,成本为330元/hm 2;38%莠去津SC 3 000mL/hm 2+50%二氯喹啉酸WP 750g/hm 2+57% 2,4-滴丁酯EC 450mL/hm 2对阔叶杂草防效显著,且对杂草的综合防除效果最好,鲜重防效和株防效分别为92.76%和91.52%,成本为300元/hm 2。高粱田苗后防除一年生禾本科杂草可选用38%莠去津SC 1 500mL/hm 2+增效剂450mL/hm 2;防除一年生禾本科和阔叶杂草可选用38%莠去津SC 3 000mL/hm 2+50%二氯喹啉酸WP 750g/hm 2+57% 2,4-滴丁酯EC 450mL/hm 2。 相似文献