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利用2005年度的IKONOS4卫片(通过解译获得官司河小流域土地利用现状数据)、1:1万森林资源分布图、2007年度森林资源二类调查小班资料,结合样地调查数据以及四川省林业科学研究院森林生态效益定位站(四川绵阳新桥)径流场的有关数据,选取坡度、土层厚、土A层厚、土壤含水率、坡位、土壤类型6个立地特征因子,建立该流域的297个小班物元模型,对其进行适宜性评价,再用层次分析法对其进行优化,从而获得该流域防护林体系空间对位配置。结果表明:1)本区针阔(桤柏/栎柏)混交林面积为124.39hm2,仅占整个有林地面积的14.97%,而针针混交林(松柏)的面积却占27.37%,针叶纯林(马尾松/柏木)的面积更是占42.48%。2)经优化后本区防护林体系分配按面积大小排序为针阔混交林(31.12%)>灌木林(15.5%)>经济林(12.28%)>针针混交林(11.46%)>阔叶纯林(11.41%)>针叶纯林(9.51%)>草地(8.70%)。优化后,年径流总量将减少43171mm,减少62.15%;年土壤侵蚀总量减少465.97t,减少79.66%。3)该流域的防护林体系空间对位配置结果为:①少发展柏木、马尾松纯林,多发展桤柏、栎柏、松栎等针阔混交林。对现有的柏木、马尾松纯林,引进桤木、栎类等树种形成针阔混交林。②柏木纯林和桤柏混交林的郁闭度控制在0.60～0.75,栎柏混交林、松柏混交林、松栎柏混交林则应控制在0.60～0.80。③对现有针叶纯林、针针混交林,采用开窗补阔和密度调节2种方式进行改造。开窗补阔对密度过大的林分进行带状砍伐,砍伐后补植栎类、桤木、香樟、天竺桂等阔叶树种。④在树种的搭配上,根据不同立地条件及树种的适宜性,选择不同的混交比。在中性或微酸性紫色土上,多发展以柏木为主的混交林;在黄壤和酸性紫色土上,则可发展柏木、马尾松与其他阔叶树种的混交林;在灰白砂土上配置以马尾松为主的针阔混交林。阔叶林的比例不少于20%～30%,立地条件好的则可以达到40%左右,以充分发挥防护林的生态效益和增加经济效益。 相似文献
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Zhuowen Zhang Yusheng Chen Zhiyong Zhang Hongxia Cui Yunfei Lei Dongyun Wang Juanjuan Sui 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(4):413-418
We surveyed the forest litter amount at the Lianxiahe watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and analyzed some hydrological
characteristics such as the maximum water-holding capacity and water absorption rate of litter in six types of forests, i.e.
the Cupressus funebris forest, the coniferous mixed forest, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, the broad-leaved forest, the Pinus massoniana forest, the bush forest. Results showed that the litter amount follows the order of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed
forest > the pure C. funebris forest, the P. massoniana forest > the coniferous mixed forest > the broad-leaved forest > the bush forest. The maximal water holding capacity of the
undecomposed litter is in the order of the C. funebris forest > the coniferous mixed forest > the bush forest > the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest > the broad-leaved
forest > the P. massoniana forest. The maximal water-holding capacity of the half-decomposed litter is the P. massoniana forest > the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest > the C. funebris forest > the coniferous mixed forest > the broad-leaved forest > the bush forest. In this watershed, the water holding capacity
of the litter in the C. funebris forest is the highest, followed by the coniferous mixed forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, P. massoniana forest, broad-leaved forest and bush forest. When the soil is covered only by litter, both the maximal rainfall amount and
intensity in different forest stands are different if there is no water infiltration and runoff from the ground surface.
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Translated from Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2005, 27(2): 207–212 [译自: 华中农业大学学报, 2005, 24(2): 207–212] 相似文献
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本文于1981－1984年植物生长季节对四川卧龙自然保护区森林土壤水分状况，进行了定位研究，试验林地设置在1200－4300m海拔高度的不同生物气候带的森林类型下。选择的五处试验林地是：①常绿阔叶林下的山地黄壤；②次生落叶阔叶林下的山地棕壤；③针阔混交林下的山地暗棕壤；④暗针叶林下的山地棕色暗针叶林土；⑤高山草甸植被下的高山草甸土。试验结果阐明了试验林地土壤的蓄水性能，枯枝落叶层最大蓄36-313t/ha，森林土壤的渗透系数在1．54－5．33mm/min，试验林地生长季节森林土壤水分贮量，都在最佳含水量下限以下，试验林地森林土壤水分供给（生态湿度）顺序为：山地棕色暗针叶林土（重湿）＞高山草甸土（重温）＞山地棕壤（湿）＞山地黄壤（较湿）＞山地暗棕壤（较湿一潮）。 相似文献
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头塘小流域不同植被类型对土壤物理性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究区域位于云南省东北部会泽县城东郊的头塘小流域,属金沙江支流牛栏江水系上游。以自然植被针叶混交林地为参照,与针叶人工纯林地、阔叶人工纯林地、针叶人工混交林地进行比较,分析不同植被类型土壤物理性状的差异和动态过程,以及土壤物理特性变化与人为干预影响之间的关系。结果表明,阔叶林和混交林对土壤性状的恢复作用大于纯林,华山松对土壤环境的恢复作用大于云南松,且与林龄正相关。 相似文献
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金佛山方竹林水源涵养功能的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金佛山方竹(Chimonbambusa utilis)不仅是材、笋两用竹种,而且是涵养水源,保持水土的优良竹种,但以往缺乏这方面的研究,为了较系统地揭示方竹蓄水保土的功能。本次对金佛山方竹的林冠层、枯枝落叶层、土壤层的蓄水保土功能加以调查;同时为了便于比较还结合调查其它的林分。通过研究其结果: 1.林冠截留量: 方竹>针叶混交林>针叶纯林 2.枯枝落叶层蓄水量亮叶水青冈—方竹林>方竹林>针叶混交林>针叶林 3.土壤层的蓄水功能方竹林>亮叶水青冈—方竹林>马尾松林>枫香×麻栎林从而,本研究将为防护林建设中重视竹子的功能与作用,为适地适竹,合理选择与配置树种提供较可靠的依据。 相似文献
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文章采用建径流小区定位观测方法,对富源县云南松次生林、华山松人工林、针阔混交林、次生灌丛和荒草地等主要植物群落进行水土保持能力的观测。分析表明:富源县的降雨量主要集中于5～10月,雨季降雨量占全年的86.48%,且降雨量主要是10mm以上的降雨产生;不同群落地表径流量、土壤流失量和侵蚀降雨次数依次均为荒草地>次生灌丛>云南松次生林>华山松人工林>针阔混交林,说明森林植被类型中针阔混交林保土保水能力最强,其次是纯林,在低效林改造和生态建设工程中应大面积推广混交林的营建。 相似文献
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Changes in soil faunal assemblages during conversion from pure to mixed forest stands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthieu ChauvatDagmar Titsch Andrey S. ZaytsevVolkmar Wolters 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(3):317-324
Replacement of native deciduous forests by coniferous stands was a common consequence of former European afforestation policies. However, these changes have proven to lead to serious ecological problems. Therefore, re-establishing mixed forests with native tree species became an increasingly popular management strategy to fulfil the demands of multi-functional forestry. We report about changes in collembolan assemblages and microbial performances during conversion of pure coniferous stands to mixed forests. The study was carried out in the Black forest area (SW of Germany), where a gradient of conversion from pure spruce stands (S1) to equally mixed stands (spruce, beech, and fir) at S4, through two intermediate stages (S2 and S3) was selected. Results clearly indicated strong modifications of the collembolan communities with an enrichment of the assemblages over the course of the conversion process. Mean species richness increased by 47% from S1 to S4 accompanied by diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) higher at S4. Significantly different soil biota assemblages were found at each phase of the conversion process. Spatial turnover and nestedness contribute almost equally to the modification of assemblages from S1 to S2 while later on in the mixing process only spatial turnover was acting. Concomitantly, significant shifts in the functional structure of the collembolan assemblages were depicted, deep-dwelling collembolan (euedaphic) being, surprisingly, the most responsive group. In contrast, neither microbial nor coarse environmental parameters were influenced by the factor “conversion phase”. We suggest that stimulation of Collembolan communities after the mixing process was mainly due to the input of more suitable food sources and/or microhabitat increases. Our findings underline the crucial role of aboveground processes on the belowground system, with the intensity and scheme of the mixing-process as important factors to consider when aiming at soil biodiversity improvement in forest systems. 相似文献
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运用景观生态学原理,借助M apInfo技术,选取斑块密度、边缘密度、景观多样性、景观优势度等指标,分析塞罕坝地区不同地貌下景观类型的空间分布和空间格局特征,深入探讨了森林景观的林分类型、起源和分布特点,结果显示塞罕坝山地的斑块密度、边缘密度、破碎度,分别都高于沙地和曼甸,但山地的景观多样性低于曼甸和沙地。森林景观以落叶针叶林面积最大,为38 306.7 hm2,其次是阔叶林和常绿针叶林,分别为16 470.5hm2,9 455.5hm2,灌木林和混交林面积最小。曼甸以落叶针叶林景观优势度最高,且多为落叶松人工纯林;山地以落叶针叶林和阔叶林景观优势度较高,其中,阔叶林多为天然次生林,树种以桦树为主;沙地以落叶针叶林和常绿针叶林优势度较高,其常绿针叶林多为人工樟子松纯林。 相似文献
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对宽甸地区几种主要林分类型枯落物及其土壤蓄水功能进行了研究,结果表明:各类型林分枯落物现存量依次为人工纯林针阔混交林,枯落物持水率为针阔混交林人工纯林;林分的土壤渗透能力和蓄水能力均为混交林人工纯林。 相似文献
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由于马尾松迹地改造不同于整地营造火力楠秃杉混交林、纯林,对幼林3年生的林木生长效果进行了对比分析。结果显示:火力楠、秃杉混交林的林木生长状况,分别均比纯林的林木生长状况良好,其树高于6.9%、34.8%,胸径粗于9.7%、30.8.%,冠宽于14.3%、16.7%。火力楠秃杉混交林的土壤肥力N、P、K,分别均大于纯林的土壤肥力N、P、K。 相似文献
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于湖南省平江县选取针叶树种+一般阔叶树种混交林(M1)、针叶树种+珍贵阔叶树种混交林(M2)、珍贵阔叶树种(M3)等3种重建造林模式;于湖南省资兴市选取针叶树种+珍贵阔叶树种混交林(M6)、竹、乔混合经营(M7)、人工促进天然更新(M8)等3种恢复培育模式作为研究对象,定位观测研究不同模式径流产生特征与土壤持水能力。结果表明:造林模式M1、M2与M3的年地表径流量相差不大,其排序为CK1(73.07 mm)M3(66.47 mm)M2(62.51 mm)M1(61.74 mm)。培育模式M7、M6、M8的年径流量相差不大,排序为为M7(22.76 mm)M6(21.88 mm)M8(20.16 mm)。造林模式在30~40mm和≥50 mm降雨区间产流量较多,占全年径流的25.89%~30.42%。造林模式20~30 mm和≥50 mm降雨区间产流量较多,占全年径流的27.83%~35.09%。森林植被重建和恢复模式下产生径流量较对照小,说明森林植被重建和恢复有利于降低林地地表径流。 相似文献
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研究了多竹种混交、竹桉混交和竹橡胶混交对林木生长及林分土壤条件的影响。结果显示:不同竹种混交以及竹树混交其林木生长状况及土壤条件均优于纯林;竹子纯林、多竹种混交林、竹树混交林3种不同类型的林分其土壤含水量和有机质含量排序为:多竹种混交林 > 竹子纯林 > 竹树混交林 > 乔木纯林。研究结果表明,在桉树林和橡胶林中适当套种竹子可以改善桉树林和橡胶林的生长环境,增强生态系统的稳定性,对于维护生态平衡、提高林地生产力、维持土壤肥力具有显著作用。研究结果可为桉树和橡胶树纯林的改造提供理论支持。 相似文献
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随着社会经济的发展,人地矛盾日益尖锐,自然植被遭到严重破坏,土壤严重退化,因此,恢复植被及恢复土壤生态环境,提高森林或人工林生产力,促进森林尽快发挥其经济与生态功能势在必行。为此,本文以自然植被针叶混交林地为参照,同针叶人工纯林地、阔叶人工纯林地、针叶人工混交林地进行比较,探讨不同植被类型土壤物理性状的差异和动态过程,客观揭示土壤物理特性变化与人为干预影响之间的关系。 相似文献
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XIA Jiangbao ZHANG Guangcan ZHANG Shuyong WANG Guixia HAN Wei .Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an P. R. China .Water Conservancy Bureau of Binzhou Binzhou P. R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2005,4(4):68-76
INTRODUCTION Soil is an important part in forest ecological system, which has positive significance for forest eco- environment effect. Soil moisture is an important factor in watershed water balance and hydrological cycle, which is one of the most active and influential factors in ecological system. With the appearance of SPAC (soil-plant-atmosphere continuum) conception, some basic conceptions and contents about soil moisture had been researched thoroughly (Li Hongjian, et al, 2003; W… 相似文献
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柏木混交林类型分布立地条件的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本项研究应用主成分排序方法研究四川盆地4种天然柏木混交林分布与立地条件的关系,结果表明:区域内影响柏木混交林类型分布的主导立地因子是地形、土层厚度、水湿状况、土壤碳酸钙含量、pH值等。桤柏混交林主要分布在山中下部平缓的台阶低洼地带,水湿条件较好,土层深厚的地方;栎柏混交林主要分布在山中上部干燥瘠薄的立地上,生产力低;桤栎柏混交林介于二者之间;松柏混交林要求土壤中碳酸钙含量低,土壤呈微酸性至中性反应。林下灌木树种分布与立地条件因子无明显规律性。 相似文献
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杉木萌芽纯林与混交林生长量及经济效益的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在杉木林采伐迹地上,通过不炼山、套种火力楠与深山含笑,进行杉木萌芽纯林与混交林的对比试验,9a试验结果表明:混交林中杉木的平均胸径、树高、单株材积、地上部分单株生物量分别比杉木萌芽纯林增加4 04%、8 75%、16 3%、1 43%;混交林中火力楠和深山含笑生长良好,混交林总蓄积量和乔木层地上部分总生物量分别为杉木纯林的1 47倍和1 32倍;混交林的投入产出比高于杉木萌芽纯林,说明本模式是恢复和提高杉木连栽地土壤生产力的可行方法。 相似文献
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Xiaoyuan Chu Yujie Wang Yiping Xia Yun Wu Lin Chen 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2009,4(2):171-177
In order to provide a basis for water conservation in the restoration of vegetation for an urban water resource area, we studied
the generation of runoff characteristics in four typical forests over three time periods in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing City,
based on the observation data of rainfall and runoff processes during the period 2002–2005. The results show that: 1) Rainfall
was distributed evenly during the years 2002–2005. Annual rainfall variability was 4.46% and coefficient of variation was
0.0618. Average monthly rainfall tended towards a normal distribution N (113.8, 45972). 2) Both precipitation and runoff can be clearly divided into a dry and a wet season. The dry season was from October to
March and the wet season from April to September. Most of annual runoff of the four forest stands occurred in the wet season.
The surface runoff in the wet season accounted for more than 85% of the annual runoff, and more than 75% of underground runoff.
3) Both peak values of surface runoff and underground runoff occurred in June. The relation between monthly rainfall and surface/underground
runoff was fitted by the model W=aP
2 + bP + c. The order of annual surface runoff was as follows: Phyllostachys pubescens forest > shrub forest > mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest. The annual underground runoff was evergreen broad-leaved forest > mixed
Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest > Phyllostachys pubescens forest > shrub forest. 4) Under similar rainstorms events, the order of the surface runoff coefficient was: evergreen broad-leaved
forest < mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest < shrub forest < Phyllostachys pubescens forest. The underground runoff coefficient was: evergreen broad-leaved forest > mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest > Phyllostachys pubescens forest > shrub forest. The relation between rainstorms and surface runoff was fitted by the linear relationship: Q = mp − n. Both mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest have better flood regulation effects on an annual and monthly basis and
per individual rainstorm. The function of Phyllostachys pubescens forest is the worst on all three bases.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(4): 103–108 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献