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1.
农业是我国１２亿（１９９７）～１６亿（２０２０）人口赖以生存的基础。发展动物农业（畜牧业）对提高人民生活水平、保持社会安定团结具有重要的战略意义。优良品种是发展畜牧业的基础，有了良种就能够在同样投入的条件下有更大的产出。８０年代以来国际上的动物育种已进入分子水平，朝着快速改变动物基因型的方向发展。我国要跟上这一科技形势，就要开展动物分子育种，也就是要研究畜禽遗传育种的分子生物学基础，为我国进入２１世纪的畜牧业提供高产、优质、高效发展的理论基础和高新技术。 相似文献
2.
农业是我国12亿人口赖以生存的基础。发展动物农业对提高人民生活水平、保持社会安定团结具有重要的战略意义。根据美英等西方发达国家政府和世界粮农组织（FAO）的预测，2l世纪全球动物农业90％的品种都将通过分子育种提供，而品种对整个动物生产的贡献率亦将达到50％以上，显然品种是动物农业发展的首要关键。优良品种的扩繁是农业动物育种的核心内容之一，直接影响到动物农业生产的效率。有了良种和高速扩繁技术就能够在同样投入的条件下有更大的产出。90年代以来，国际上的动物育种已进入分子水平，朝着快速改变动物基因型的方向发展，扩繁也愈来愈多地以动物克隆为核心技术。我国要跟上这一科技形势，就要开展动物分子育种，也就是要研究动物遗传育种与克隆的分子生物学基础，为我国进入2l世纪的动物农业提供高产、优质、高效发展的遗传理论和高新技术。本项研究拟解决的重大科学问题有：
1．农业动物功能性基因组及重要经济性状的基因定位研究 相似文献
3.
农业是我国12亿(1997)～16亿(2015)人口赖以生存的基础。发展动物农业(畜牧业)对提高人民生活水平、保持社会安定团结具有重要的战略意义。根据美英等西方发达国家政府和国际粮农组织的预测,21世纪全球畜牧业的90%畜禽品种都将通过分子育种提供,而品种对整个畜牧生产的贡献率亦将达到50%以上,显然品种是畜牧业发展的首要关键。优良品种是发展畜牧业的基础,有了良种就能够在同样投入的条件下有更大的产出。20世纪80年代以来,国际上的畜禽育种已进入分子水平,朝着快速改变畜禽基因型的方向发展。我国要跟上这一科技形势,就要开展畜禽分子育种,… 相似文献
4.
随着遗传学理论的不断发展,动物遗传育种技术经历了表型和表型值选种技术育种、DNA重组技术育种、分子技术育种3个阶段。其中,在20世纪80年代国际上动物育种已进入分子水平,朝着快速改变动物基因型的方向发展,即开始分子育种技术阶段。国内也紧跟国际步伐,主要研究畜禽遗传育种的分子生物学基础,为我国21世纪畜牧业的发展提供理论基础和先进技术。现在,动物分子育种仍占据着动物育种大部分的领地,并将主导21世纪动物遗传育种的发展趋势。 相似文献
5.
动物分子育种是以分子遗传学和分子数量遗传学为理论,利用分子生物学技术来改良畜禽品种的一门新型学科,主要包括两大研究领域:一是以转基因技术为基础的转基因育种,二是以基因组分析为基础的基因组育种。随着现代生物技术和信息技术的发展,国际上的动物育种已逐渐进入分子水平。根据英、美等西方发达国家和联合国粮农组织的预测,21世纪全球畜牧业的90%畜禽品种都将通过分子育种提供,分子育种技术正在对未来猪的育种和生产产生巨大的影响。1转基因动物技术与猪的育种转基因动物技术是在20世纪80年代初发展起来的,该技术在改良畜禽生产性状、… 相似文献
6.
畜禽品种资源是当代人类赖以生存的生物资源的重要组成部分。在食品和农业生产中,畜禽以肉、蛋、奶等形式为人类提供了达30％的需求。根据发达国家政府和世界粮农组织的预测,本世纪全球动物农业90％的品种都将通过分子育种提供,而品种对整个动物生产的贡献率亦将达到50％以上,显然品种是动物农业发展的首要关键。 相似文献
7.
芬兰的畜牧业与猪的育种概况四川省温江农业学校周世朗，伍善志一、芬兰的畜牧业与动物育种协会（一）芬兰的畜牧业：芬兰有三分之一的土地在北极圈内，天寒地冻，土地贫瘠，故很重视发展畜牧业。在全国２５万个农牧场的经济收入中，畜牧业占８０％，全国４８０万总人口中... 相似文献
8.
在影响养猪效益的诸多因素中,种猪性能起主导作用。按美国农业部（USDA）1996年对美国50年来畜牧业中各类科学技术所起的作用进行总结,遗传育种占了40%的贡献率。据美英等发达国家和联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的预测,21世纪全球商品化生产的畜禽品种将通过分子育种技术进行培育,品种对动物生产的贡献率亦将超过50%。我国养猪业经过50多年的发展,特别是改革开放以来取得了优良的成绩,猪的育种工作也取得了很大的进步。但是,我国的养猪业与发达国家相比仍有较大差距。 相似文献
9.
兽药制剂是授用于动物，具有预防、治疗、诊断疾病及提高生产效能作用的药物制品［1］。近十年来，我国畜牧业的增长连年超过10％，畜牧业在农业中所占比重至1996年已达31．4％。作为畜牧业发展的三大支柱（品种、饲料、兽药）之一的兽药产业，也有了相应的大发展。1997年全国兽药年产值已达约150亿元，兽药生产企业从1987年的250多家增至1997年的1800多家，兽药品种已有2000余种［2］。目前，兽药的发展正迈向一个新的发展高潮。养殖业（特别是养禽业）的快速发展，给兽药的发展带来了很大的动力，已由用量最大的针剂、片剂两大剂型转向适… 相似文献
10.
发展畜牧业对提高我国人们生活水平具有重要的战略意义。我国畜牧业巨大发展的基础在于科技进步．就是改善动物性食品的科技转化率，这种转化率的基础源于品种根据有关国际组织和其他发达国家对畜牧业的评价．品种的贡献率在35％～65％，平均为45％。长期以来支撑我国畜牧业发展的地方品种，固然有其一定优越性．但其从产量上无法满足我国畜牧业的发展，因此发展优良品种势在必行。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
12.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
20.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
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