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谷子不育系异交结实率低严重制约着杂交种大面积应用于生产。本研究证明柱头外露程度与异交结实率呈显著正相关（r0.001=0．9597＊＊）。山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所成功选育出谷子光敏雄性不育突变系“81-16”，其不育度为100％，异交结实率达61％。用植物形态解剖学方法证明，“81-16”雌蕊生活力强，柱头完全外露，接受花粉的有效面积大，是其异交结实率高的主要原因。本文还提出应重视母本柱头性状选育，并加强谷子杂交种制种技术研究。 相似文献
3.
There is public concern about the consequences of pollen dispersal from genetically modified (GM) crops. There lease of viable
pollen from GM maize can be controlled by growing mixtures of cytoplasmic male-sterile plants and male-fertile non-transformed
pollinator plants. Our experiments indicate that such associations can bring about grain yields as high or even higher than
those produced by pure male-fertile maize crops, especially when the male-sterile component is pollinated non-isogenically.
The grain yield benefits from cytoplasmic malesterility and xenia as well as the fact that seed of male-sterile varieties
can be produced cheaply and reliably in large quantities would facilitate the implementation of the proposed system in agricultural
practice.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
We previously reported that the maize pollen-specific gene Zm401 functions in anther development. In this study, a Zm401’s ortholog Si401 was amplified and cloned from foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Zm401 and Si401 are highly conserved with 99% of their coding sequences identical to each other. Southern blot and RT-PCR analysis reveal
that Si401 has only one copy in the genome and is expressed exclusively in the panicle. Co-suppression of Si401 in foxtail millet results in multiple abnormalities during the late stages of anther development, including premature degeneration
of the tapetum, pre-deposition of fibrous bands in endothecium cells, and aborted pollen grains. Our results demonstrate that
Si401 plays an essential role in anther development in foxtail millet and might be useful for generation of male-sterile plants
in cereal crops. 相似文献
5.
Moses M. Muraya Hartwig H. Geiger Santie de Villiers Fabrice Sagnard Ben M. Kanyenji Dan Kiambi Heiko K. Parzies 《Euphytica》2011,178(3):393-401
In self-compatible plant species stigmata receive a mixture of self and outcrossed pollen and competition between them is
expected to play a major role in determining the pollen-mediated gene flow. The use of male sterile bait plants in field trials
to demonstrate the rate of gene flow is questionable due to lack of pollination competition. However, little direct evidence
has been published. A field experiment of male sterile and male fertile sorghum pollen recipient bait plants was conducted
to evaluate pollen competition between wild and cultivated sorghums and the effects of pollen competition on gene flow assessment.
Pollen competition between wild and cultivated sorghums was estimated from two-component pollen mixtures of wild and cultivated
sorghum (1:1 ratio) applied to wild, cultivated and male-sterile maternal bait plants. Paternity was determined in the progeny
using two diagnostic Simple Sequence Repeat markers. The study found that self pollen has higher seed-siring success. Maternal
genotype influences the siring ability of the pollen donor components which significantly deviated from the 1:1 pollen loads.
The study showed that published estimates of gene flow derived from studies using male-sterile bait plants seriously overestimate
gene flow and that pollen competition may be a significant factor influencing outcrossing rates. The results suggest that
the predominant direction of gene flow is from cultivated to wild sorghum, potentially leading to introgression of crop genes
into wild sorghum. Pollen competition should be taken into account in gene flow estimation, since presence of self-pollen
can account for over half of seed produced irrespective of maternal genotype. 相似文献
6.
谷子高度雄性不育基因在常规品种选育中的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
采用携带有隐性核不育基因，不育率为１００％、不育度为９５％的谷子高度雄性不育系与优良恢复系品种测配，根据育种目标，选择优良的杂种Ｆ１继续种植，从Ｆ２育性分离的群体中选择优良不育株，利用其不育基因改谷子自花授粉为异花授粉，进行谷子品种间复合杂交及不同轮回选择群体育种，选育出６个品种和一批具有优异特性的不同世代材料。 相似文献
7.
为得到一种鉴别糯质谷子的分子标记方法,用于优质谷子糯质资源的利用及糯质品种的选育。通过对糯性谷子十里香与梗性谷子豫谷1号配制的F2群体的F3种子胚乳进行碘液检测,结果显示:深蓝色与棕红色胚乳单株数的比例符合3∶1,说明糯质对梗质是由单基因控制的隐性性状。利用糯质分型引物对十里香基因组进行PCR扩增和产物测序,结果表明,十里香的糯性是由Ⅳ型糯质基因控制,即由TSI-2转座子插入到淀粉合成酶基因(Si006103m)内元1形成。根据该糯质基因设计出2对In Del标记引物waxy-TSI2/int1和waxy-int1-1F/4R,扩增谷子基因组DNA,若waxy-TSI2/int1引物组合能扩增出984 bp的扩增片段,并且waxy-int1-1F/4R引物组合不能扩增出540 bp的扩增片段,则该材料为含Ⅳ型糯质基因的糯质谷子。最后,利用该标记组合从100份谷子资源中鉴定到2份属于Ⅳ型糯质基因控制的糯质材料。可见,该标记组合可以准确鉴别谷子Ⅳ型糯质基因。 相似文献
8.
衡水地区14份夏谷品种种子萌发期耐盐性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过发芽试验研究NaCl胁迫对不同品种夏谷[Setaria italica(L.)]种子萌发的影响。结果表明,谷子种子在低浓度NaCl(50mmol/L)胁迫下,发芽率和发芽势没有明显变化,许多品种表现为发芽率高于对照;150~300mmol/L NaCl浓度处理下随NaCl浓度的升高,种子的相对发芽率和相对发芽指数均显著降低。 相似文献
9.
The effect of cut style and placental pollination on fertilization efficiency was studied for compatible Aechmea fasciata plants. These alternative in vitro pollination techniques resulted in lower penetration rates of the ovules by pollen tubes in comparison to pollination on
the stigma. An explanation was found in the intervention of the normal pollination process,through which less pollen-pistil
interactions were built up. After cut style pollination the percentage of ovule penetration by pollen tubes increased when
a longer style part was left at the ovary. Probably fewer factors that control pollen tube growth are present in the lower
style part. Pollen germinated on the ovules after placental pollination but only rarely penetration of the micropyle by a
pollen tube occurred. Activation of the ovary, induced by in vivo prepollination for 6 hours, and pollination two days after anthesis did not increase the fertilization percentage. Grafting
a style with active growing pollen tubes to ovules on the placenta (placental grafted style pollination) resulted in a higher
fertilization percentage. Pollen tube growth through the style was essential for pollen tube guidance to the ovules and penetration
of the micropyle.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Luca Pipino Marie-Christine Van Labeke Andrea Mansuino Valentina Scariot Annalisa Giovannini Leen Leus 《Euphytica》2011,178(2):203-214
Fertility of hybrid tea roses is often reduced due to their interspecific origin but also to intensive inbreeding. New genotypes
used as pollen donors represent an economic risk for a breeding programme, as their influence on seed production is unknown.
In this study 11 cut rose genotypes were selected from a company database as high fertile or low fertile male parents, according
to the number of seeds per hybridisation. Pollen morphology and in vitro germination of the selected genotypes were characterised.
Pollen was either small (mean diameter <30 μm), shrunken, and irregular (abnormal), or large (mean diameter >30 μm), elliptical
and crossed by furrows (normal). High correlations were found between the number of seeds produced per hybridisation and the
pollen diameter (r = 0.94) or the percentage of normal pollen (r = 0.96). In order to evaluate the predictive power of the models, we conducted regression analyses and performed a validation
experiment on genotypes not present in the database and without background information on fertility. Pollen diameter and percentage
of normal pollen were characterised and fitted in the regression models for seed set predictions. Validation with an independent
dataset gave a good prediction for 83.3% of the data. This indicates that using either the mean pollen diameter or the percentage
of normal pollen resulted in effective fertility prediction. This tool could enhance the genetic variability in crossings
between hybrid tea roses, thus creating possibilities for less economically risky exploitation of new tetraploid genotypes
as male parents. 相似文献
11.
Summary Germination and storage trials were carried out with pollen of several rose varieties. The pollen grains germinated well in a 15% sucrose solution with 40 ppm boric acid. Staining the pollen with a 0.1% tetrazolium solution and standardizing the degree of colour at which the pollen grains are counted as viable, provided a good viability estimate, simpler to carry out than in vitro germination. Germination capacity and staining ability of the pollen were greatly impeded-about halved-by dehydration during storage in desiccators at low humidity. This effect could be corrected by humidifying the pollen beforehand for about one hour, though this pre-treatment increased the percentage of germinated pollen grains more than the percentage stained. There was no difference between the two percentages in fresh or in deep-frozen pollen.Pollen stored at 1°C and high relative humidity soon lost its germination capacity: between 0 and 20% humidity a considerable proportion of the pollen remained viable for 9 months and longer. Storage for the same period in vacuum-sealed glass tubes at –24°C maintained viability as well or better and would probably prolong it further. Some of the cold-stored pollen induced a reasonable seed set after one year, a low seed set was obtained even after two years of storage at 1°C and low humidity. 相似文献
12.
Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were studied in the cross Erucastrum abyssinicum × Brassica oleracea. 25 per cent
ovules showed pollen tube entry into the micropyle 5 days after pollination. Embryos did not grow beyond the globular or heart-shaped
stage. Thus post-fertilization barriers prevent hybridization in this cross. Sequential culture of ovaries and ovules 10 days
after pollination helped rescue globular embryos. Three hybrids were obtained. All the hybrids flowered in vitro. Pollen fertility
was 6.5 per cent. Leaf esterase and peroxidase isozymes confirmed the hybrid nature. Meiotic metaphase in the pollen mother
cells showed 25 chromosomes. The presence of up to 9 bivalents and a quadrivalent indicates high homology between the two
genera. The intergeneric hybrids have been multiplied using nodal segment culture. They are a source for obtaining cms cole
crops and widening the gene pool of B. oleracea.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
华北地区谷子产量与农艺性状的综合评价分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对华北夏谷区谷子农艺性状与产量性状进行灰色关联度分析,探讨主要农艺性状对产量的影响,为谷子优良种质资源利用及高产品种选育提供依据。以2016年全国谷子品种区域适应性联合鉴定华北夏谷区常规组参试的17个品种（系）为材料,采用相关分析和灰色关联度分析相结合的方法,对产量相关8个农艺性状进行综合评价。结果表明,供试材料9个农艺性状均存在变异,变异幅度2.69%~11.71%;穗粒重、单穗重、出谷率与产量呈显著正相关;9个农艺性状对谷子产量影响大小依次为穗粗>单穗重>穗粒重>千粒重>株高>出谷率>穗长>生育期,穗粗、单穗重和穗粒重对产量的影响最大。说明谷子产量育种应重视大穗、大粒、穗粒重高的种质资源利用,并适当关注株高。 相似文献
14.
谷子几种农艺性状基因染色体定位及连锁关系的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用三体分析法进行谷子染色体基因定位。以豫谷1号三体1-7、四体8和四体9为母本,显性矮秆、法谷56-81、马青苗为父本,配置组合分别进行显性矮秆基因、白米基因和青米基因染色体定位。根据三体1-7植株形态特征和父本标志性状鉴定各自的杂种F1,采用细胞学方法,通过检查植株根尖染色体数来鉴定杂种F1的三体8和三体９。经调查和分析各种三体杂种F2性状分离情况,把显性矮秆基因定位在3号染色体,白米基因定位在4号染色体,青米基因定位在6号染色体。对不同区域的9个青米品种等位检测表明,这些青米基因都是等位基因。以两点测验法,配置组合1066A×法谷56-81和1066A×马青苗进行基因连锁分析。结果,4号染色体上糯性胚乳基因与白米基因间的交换值为（28.9±4.4）cM;6号染色体上1066A不育基因与青米基因间的交换值为（23.2±1.8）cM。 相似文献
15.
Summary Germination of pollen grains and growth of pollen tubes were studied to determine the cause of barreness in crosses among annual Cicer species. In vivo and in vitro time-course studies and fluorescent microscopy revealed no pollination incompatibility among the selfs, crosses and reciprocals of C. arietinum L., C. reticulatum
Lad. and C. cuneatum
Rich. In general, Cicer pollen grains germinated and grew on styles of Cicer species. Pollen tube growth was characterized by irregularly spaced and intermittent callose deposits. Failure of seed formation in interspecific pollinations may be attributed to the slowness of pollen tube growth or collapse of fertilized ovules. In addition to these causes, shortness of stamens and sparsity of pollen grains were responsible for flower drop in natural selfs. Although the number of pollen tubes entering the micropyle in interspecific pollinations was low, it may be possible to grow the fertilized ovules on an artificial medium to obtain F1 plants. 相似文献
16.
Storage of sugarbeet pollen 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary To develop the technology for long-term pollen preservation, sugarbeet pollen was collected from plants grown in the greenhouse and in the field, and was stored 1 day to 1 year at 5, -18, and -196°C. Pollen containing about 12% moisture was successfully stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2) up to 1 year; this pollen effected fertilization of male-sterile flowers as well as freshly collected pollen. Germination of the resultant seed was good and not different from seed from fresh pollinations. Pollen stored at -18°C for 1 year did not result in as much seed set as fresh pollen, and 1 year at 5°C was essentially lethal. In vitro pollen germination served as a post-storage viability measure, provided the pollen was hydrated before germination. The methods tested in these experiments provided a relatively simple, reliable, and inexpensive means for preservation of sugarbeet pollen for breeding purposes and for preservation of genetic resources.Joint contribution of the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation. 相似文献
17.
应用甲基磺酸乙醋(EMS)1%溶液处理四棱大麦蒙克尔,获得了隐性单基因核不育材料.遗传分析可育与不育按3∶1分离.不育性稳定,不出现中问类型,遗传行为简单,不育株率较高,易于转育.大麦是典型的自花授粉作物,所获的雄性不育株,在大田条件下由于花粉量不足,结实率变动在0.51～2.25%之间,引入开放授粉特性,对雄性不育系的利用十分重要.雄性核不育基因对雌性器官无不良作用,人工授粉不育株的结实率可达74.10～87.47%,分离出的可育株结实正常,纯合可育株育性可靠,因而作为育种工具,在轮回选择中应用有较大价值. 相似文献
18.
Summary The nature and process of ovular incompatibility in Gasteria verrucosa was studied. Using different crossing programs and following the pollen germination and ovule penetration histochemically, an ovular gametophitic incompatibility system based on two or more loci is affirmed. Pollen tubes after self-and cross-pollination penetrate the micropyle. Although the percentage of seed setting reached about 60% after cross pollination no clear differences could be seen between the germination and ovule penetration of cross and self pollen.In the ovules, multiple penetration of micropyles and a preference for the first position ovules was observed. Results of semi-compatible crossings and mixed crossings indicated a gametophytic two or more loci incompatibility system. Ovular incompatibility was manifested by the degeneration of the sporophytic ovular tissues. In Gasteria verrucosa the system of ovular incompatibility does not seem to be restricted to the ovule. 相似文献
19.
PEG处理对提高谷子种子活力方法的研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
本文以中等活力的谷子种子为材料,研究了PEG的不同分子量、不同浓度和不同处理时间对种子活力的影响。结果表明：（1）PEG可明显改善谷子种子细胞膜造性,显著提高种子发芽力和活力;（2）PEG分子量越大,活力提高越多,而低浓度、短时间的PEG处理,即可达到显著提高种子活力的目的;（3）用PEG10000、5％的PEG溶液处理谷子种子1天,其发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和电导率分别比对照提高43．3％、32．2％、51．8％和-49．9％。 相似文献
20.
谷子品种资源及其近缘种酯酶同工酶的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文收集国内不同地区的谷子品种120个,以及狗尾草、谷莠子和御谷等材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法进行了酯酶同工酶分析.谷子芽期的酯酶同工酶酶带共出现19条,所得酶谱分成31个类型.从地理分布来分析,黄土高原区和内蒙古高原区品种酯酶同工酶类型丰富.从谷子品种的起源和演变来分析,谷子和普通狗尾草的酶谱大致相同.研究表明,酯酶同工酶重复性好,比较稳定,可以做为谷子分类学和研究谷子进化关系的一个生化指标. 相似文献