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福建柯木木材早晚材管孔的大小差异大 ,早晚材急变 ,导管的长度与孔径比值大 ;管孔的排列呈火焰状离散型 ,木射线宽窄不一 ,多数呈宽或较宽。在木材干燥中这些特征使该类木材更容易形成内外水分梯度差异 ,从而产生内应力 ,导致木材开裂翘曲和皱缩。此外 ,不同树种不同规格板材同窑干燥也是影响木材干燥质量的重要人为因素。本文就上述两方面问题作了初步探讨 相似文献
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为给苦楝（Melia azedarach）和香椿（Toona sinensis）木材的利用提供理论参考,以10年生苦楝木材和17年生香椿木材为研究对象,采用光学显微镜对其主要解剖性质进行分析。结果表明,苦楝木材为环孔材或半环孔材,香椿木材为环孔材;两种木材的生长轮均明显,弦切面上均呈倒“V”字或山水状花纹。两种木材早材管孔弦径相差不大,均稍大。苦楝木材早材管孔多数4列,香椿木材早材管孔多数2列。苦楝木材早材至晚材略急变,晚材管孔向生长轮外部逐渐减小;香椿木材早材至晚材急变。苦楝木材晚材管孔弦径大于香椿木材。香椿木材结构较细。苦楝和香椿木材木射线宽度均属于中等,高度均属于极低,径切面花纹较普通。在实际加工利用中,采用弦切板制作家具板面较美观。香椿木材的导管、薄壁组织、射线组织等细胞中均含有大量红色树胶,使木材呈现红褐色;香椿木材刨面光亮,自然色泽好,具有芳香气味,是制作家具的上等材料。作为家具用材,香椿木材在纹理、色泽和气味等方面优于苦楝木材。 相似文献
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黄毛青冈等四种硬木干燥特性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对黄毛青冈、高山栲、滇石栎和栓皮栎等四种硬阔叶树材的构造、密度、全干缩率、弦、径向干缩变化、用百度法和气干等进行了观察和试验。结果表明四种木材导管内含有丰富或较多的侵填体,密度甚大,全干缩率大,弦、径向干缩比差异也大,水分传导性差,干燥速度缓慢,干燥时易发生表裂、内裂、翘弯和扭曲等现象,属难干材。通过试验,提出了克服干燥缺陷的一些措施,为制定四种木材干燥工艺提供了依据。 相似文献
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[目的]针对木材干燥耗时长、效率低的问题,以改变司职水分疏导功能的木材分子关键部位的微观结构为手段,通过改善木材的渗透性和水分的流动性,建立易于水分移动的新路径,达到缩短木材干燥时间的目的.在描述蒙古栎导管分子细胞壁构造变异的形态、数量和程度以及表征处理材在常规蒸汽干燥全程和各阶段干燥速率变动的基础上,探索并建立辊压预处理工艺条件、构造特征变异与干燥速率三者的相关关系.[方法]依托木材的黏弹性和水分移动机制,以蒙古栎为试材,对其含水率47％～55％、900 mm(长)×100 mm(宽)×30 mm(厚)的径切板和弦切板施行2个压缩方向(径向和弦向)、3种压缩率(10％,20％和30％)和3种压缩次数(1,4和9次)的辊压预处理,使用环境扫描电子显微镜(Fei Quanta 200)观察研究辊压处理材的导管分子微观构造特征变异,并在常规蒸汽干燥全程和各阶段测试和分析处理木材的干燥速率变动规律.[结果]环境扫描电镜观察表明,辊压压缩预处理使蒙古栎导管分子纹孔膜破裂和细胞壁出现裂隙,可形成水分移动的微观新路径;随着压缩率增大、压缩次数增加,纹孔膜破裂的数量和程度、细胞壁破坏的规模和尺寸增加,木材的渗透性和水分的流动性得到改善,缩短木材干燥时间.在常规蒸汽干燥的6个阶段和干燥全程,辊压预处理材的干燥速率均大于未处理材;压缩率和压缩方向相同时,干燥速率随压缩次数的增加而增大;压缩方向和压缩次数相同时,干燥速率随压缩率的增加面加快;压缩率和压缩次数相同时,径向压缩的弦切板干燥速率快于弦向压缩的径切板.[结论]以试材初含水率50％、终含水率15％计算,辊压预处理材的全程干燥时间均少于未处理材,弦向压缩径切板干燥时间缩短6.67％～23.64％,径向压缩弦切板缩短4.55％ ～ 13.02％.辊压预处理可在蒙古栎试材内部形成微观的水分移动新路径,改善水分的渗透性和流动性,缩短木材干燥时间. 相似文献
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本文对五种落叶类栎木进行木材构造的现象，及其物理－力学性质的测试，结果表明：五种栎木均为环孔材，心边材区别明显，木射线较宽，薄壁细胞发达，其中麻栎晚材管孔呈单孔排列，早晚材导管的直径差异小，并具有傍管带状薄壁细胞，纤维致密，容积重较大，五种栎木的力学强度和品质数都较高，其中，麻栎的静曲强度和干缩系数最大，白栎的顺纹抗压强度和硬度最大。 相似文献
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以8年生尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake)无性系林为试材,就材性指标在株内、株间和无性系之间变异进行了研究分析。结果表明:纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比、管孔弦向直径、纤维双壁厚度和纤维壁腔比在树干水平方向上的不同部位具有极显著性差异,呈由内向外逐渐增大的规律;微纤丝角度、单位面积管孔数和纤维腔径比在树于水平方向上的不同部位亦具有极显著性差异,但呈由内向外逐渐减小的规律;而木材胞壁率、木纤维比量、导管比量、射线比量、轴向薄壁组织比量和木纤维胞腔直径在树干水平方向上没有显著性变异;主要材性指标在同一无性系内的植株之间无显著性差异,但在无性系之间的差异均达到显著或极显著性水平。 相似文献
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为给樟科（Lauraceae）植物分类鉴定及其木材加工利用提供参考,利用生物显微镜对四川5种樟属（Cinnamomum）木材的结构进行观察与分析,包括香樟（C. camphora）、油樟（C. longepaniculatum）、阔叶樟（C. platyphyllum）、银叶桂（C.mairei）和川桂（C. wilsonii）。结果表明,5种樟属木材结构较相似,为散孔材至半散孔材;管孔为单管孔及径列复管孔,稀呈管孔团;具单穿孔和梯状穿孔两种类型,管间纹孔式互列;分割木纤维偶见;木射线非叠生,单列射线极少,多列射线量多,射线组织为异形Ⅱ和Ⅲ型;射线-导管间纹孔式主要为刻痕状及大圆状;轴向薄壁组织以环管状为主。5种木材的差异主要为管孔大小和油细胞或粘液细胞的数量。阔叶樟和川桂木材的管孔略小,其他3种木材管孔中等。香樟、油樟和阔叶樟木材的油细胞或粘液细胞多;银叶桂和川桂木材的油细胞或粘液细胞少。5种木材木纤维的长宽比约为48～56,适用于造纸;木材结构甚细到细,耐久性较高。从总体结构特征看,5种木材均表现为过渡型,即进化中保留着原始性质。 相似文献
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本文对长江滩地这一特定立地条件下经过人为耕作与未耕作模式下的杨树木材解剖性质及其变异的关系进行了比较研究。结果表明：林下耕作纤维长度变化范围在792．67-1114．33μm,属中等长度纤维,林下耕作杨树的纤维长度明显比未耕作的要长,两者纤维长度、宽度差异显著,长宽比差异极显著;林下耕作木材导管比量为29％,木纤维比量为54％,木射线比量为17％,变异系数分别为13．8％、7．4％、23．5％;低于对照木材,提高了材质均匀性;两者导管与木纤维组织比量轴向变化趋势一致,分别呈波动上升与下降的趋势,但木射线组织比量变异趋势存在较大的差别。林下耕作杨木导管比量自髓心向外呈上升趋势,木射线组织比量随着年龄的增加逐渐下降,并呈现一定的波动性：未经耕作的杨树木材组织比量径向变异规律性不明显。 相似文献
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Futoshi Ishiguri Imam Wahyudi Masae Takeuchi Yuya Takashima Kazuya Iizuka Shinso Yokota Nobuo Yoshizawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(3):241-246
The relationships between growth characteristics and wood properties were investigated for a threatened species, Pericopsis mooniana, to promote the establishment of plantations of this species in the tropics. Growth characteristics (diameter and height)
and stress-wave velocity (SWV) of trees were measured for 22-year-old P. mooniana trees planted in Indonesia. The trees were categorized into three groups, fast-growing, middle-growing, and slow-growing
trees, to investigate the effect of growth rate on the wood properties. In addition, radial variation of anatomical characteristics
and wood properties were determined. No significant correlation was found between growth characteristics and SWV. The values
for the vessel diameter, cell wall thickness of wood fibers, wood fiber length, basic density, modulus of elasticity, and
modulus of rupture from wood at the bark side were higher than those at the pith side. On the other hand, vessel frequency
gradually decreased from pith to bark. These results suggested that low-quality wood, such as juvenile wood, existed near
the pith area. 相似文献
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The performance and variability patterns in the wood element’s dimensions, specific gravity and growth parameters namely ramet
height and GBH were evaluated in 16 clones of parents, F1 and F2 hybrids of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Ramet radial variations were non-significant, while inter-clonal variations due to interaction of clone/replication
were significant for all the wood traits except vessel element length. Inter-clonal variations were significant only for fiber
length and fiber wall thickness. Fiber length and specific gravity were significantly higher in female, while wall thickness
and vessel element length were higher in male clones. Female parents (G48 and S7C8) showed higher fiber length and specific
gravity than of the male parent (G3), while vessel diameter and wall thickness were higher in male parent (G3). There is not
much difference in fiber length and vessel element’s dimensions among the parents, F1 and F2 generation hybrid clones. Specific
gravity did not showed any trend for parents, F1 and F2 generations. Generally female clones showed higher growth rate. Broad
sense heritability for wood traits ranged from 0.143 (fiber length) to 0.505 (fiber wall thickness), while for growth traits
it was 0.374 (GBH) and 0.418 (height). Genetic gain for all the wood and growth traits was positive for most of the wood traits.
The highly divergent male clone (78) and female clones (S7C8, G48, W/A 49) in number of combinations could be used for developing
new hybrids of desired wood traits to develop new clones. 相似文献
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对元江地区幼龄印度黄檀木材各生长轮间的解剖各参数和结晶度的径向变异趋势及它们的相关性做了全面的测定和分析,结果表明:纤维长度和宽度、导管分子长度和弦径、纤维比量总体径向变化趋势是从髓心往外呈增加趋势;纤维壁厚和生长轮的径向变异趋势是先增加后减小;导管比量、胞壁率和微纤丝角的变化趋势是沿髓心向外呈递减趋势;结晶度的径向变异趋势是先增加后减小.方差分析表明:各生长轮间的解剖参数和结晶度差异均明显.相关分析表明:生长轮年龄与各解剖参数和结晶度相关性显著,据此建立了木材解剖性质和结晶度预测模型,相关系数大都达到0.88以上. 相似文献
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Inter-clonal, intra-clonal and within tree variations in specific gravity and wood anatomical properties of 8-year-old grown
ramets of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. have been investigated. Radial and location-wise intra-clonal variations were non-significant for anatomical properties
and specific gravity for all six clones at all three sites. However, inter-clonal variations in wood anatomical properties
and specific gravity were significantly different. Inter-clonal variations in anatomical properties and specific gravity were
also significant due to sites, which indicated that site-characteristics overshadowed the genetic priority of different clones
for wood anatomical properties. Average fiber-characteristics of all clones showed the best performance at Lalkuan, Haldwani
(site III), while average specific gravity performed well at Brandis Road, Dehradun (site I) followed by site III (Lalkuan,
Haldwani) and site II (Lachchiwala, Dehradun). Within tree variations in anatomical properties like fiber length, fiber diameter,
wall thickness, vessel member length and vessel member diameter due to vertical or radial direction and location (pith to
periphery) are non-significant. Radial direction, location and height showed no impact on wood element variation. It indicated
that there is no impact of juvenile wood, sapwood and heartwood ratio, and reaction wood on wood anatomical properties of
8-year-old ramet of D. sissoo. It further indicated that clone raised ramet of 8-year-old D. sissoo showed the characteristics of mature wood. Within tree variations in specific gravity were significant due to height, which
may be related to differential sapwood and heartwood ratio in the vertical direction. Different wood elements viz. fiber length,
fiber diameter, wall thickness, vessel member length and vessel member diameter showed significant correlations with each
other and with specific gravity. 相似文献
18.
Zeynab Shahpoori Vilma Bayramzadeh Vahid Reza Safdari Manoochehr Khan Zarinkafsh Roghayeh Jirrodnejad Pedram Attarod 《林业研究》2012,23(3):473-479
We investigated wood anatomical changes due to uptake and accumulation of cadmium and lead from contaminated soils in Acer velutinum Boiss seedlings. Two-year old seedlings were exposed for 180 days to soil concentrations with varying cadmium and lead concentrations. We measured three wood anatomical traits, average vessel area(μm2), vessel number per square millimetre, and vessel lumen area percentage (%). For assessing the cadmium and lead accumulation, we measured the concentrations in the soil, leaf, stem, and root. Average vessel area and vessel lumen area percentage were similar (p>0.05) incontrol and treated seedlings. Vessel number per square millimetre showed a decreasing trend from pith to bark in control and treated seedlings, and the trend was more pronounced in treated seedlings. We conclude that vessel number per square millimetre in A. velutinum is influenced by soil contamination. A. velutinum Boiss is not a suitable species for remediation of soils contaminated by cadmium and lead but it can beused as an indicator of the soil lead contamination, because lead concentrations in seedlings increased with increasing amount of lead in the soil. 相似文献
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三种阔叶树枝桠材应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对３ 种阔叶树 （米槠、木荷、拟赤杨） 枝桠材的应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的观察和试验,并与正常干材比较, 结果表明： 它们在纤维、导管的长度、宽度、纤维次生壁 Ｓ２ 层纤丝角、化学成分、纤维素相对结晶度、密度、吸水性、涨缩性以及顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度及其弹性模量等都存在显著差异。 相似文献
20.
S. Pramod 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(7):661-673
The anatomical changes occurring during transition from juvenile to mature wood were studied in the branch and main trunk of Leucaena leucocephala. To confirm the wood maturity in the 5-yr-old tree, the anatomical features were compared with the adult wood collected from the main trunk of a 15-yr-old tree. In both the branch and wood of the trunk, most of the anatomical features—such as increase in dimensions of fibers and vessel elements, and decrease in frequency of vessel elements and rays—were gradual during radial growth from pith to periphery. A noticeable anatomical change is observed in the transition of triseriate rays to multiseriate rays in the region of wood which is about 5.5 cm away from the pith. The ray dimensions and anatomical features of other elements from the periphery of the branch and 5-yr-old trunk xylem match with that of 15-yr-old main trunk wood. This indicates that in both the branches and main trunk of Leucaena, transition from juvenile to adult or mature wood occurs after the trees have attained 14 cm radial growth. 相似文献