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1.
Alveolar echinococcosis is a rare metacestodal infection of humans and domestic animals with Echinococcus multilocularis and predominantly affects the liver. In humans, diagnosis is based on serology, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), techniques that have not yet been validated for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and CT appearance of canine alveolar echinococcosis. Eleven dogs with confirmed alveolar echinococcosis (PCR or histology from biopsy material of metacestode tissue) diagnosed between 1995 and 2003 were included in the study. The age of the dogs at initial presentation ranged from 7 months to 10.5 years. Abdominal radiographs were made in nine animals, abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 10 dogs, and two CT studies in one dog, respectively. The history, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings for the 11 dogs were unspecific, the most frequent clinical finding being nonpainful progressive abdominal distention. All radiographed dogs had large liver masses; they contained small mineralizations in five. The most frequent ultrasonographic finding was multiple large cavitary masses with or without wall mineralizations. Seven animals received surgical and subsequent medical therapy with albendazole (10mg/kg) and all went into clinical remission. This study reviewed for the first time imaging findings associated with alveolar echinococcosis. The disease has to be included in the list of differential diagnoses in dogs with large, cavitary liver masses, particularly when mineralization is noted.  相似文献   

2.
M Eisa 《The Veterinary record》1980,106(10):225-227
A virus isolated from the nasal secretions of a calf with acute respiratory disease was found to possess the general properties of rhinoviruses. Serologically it was related to the M-17 strain, a type 1 bovine rhinovirus, but distinct from the EC11 strain representing type 2. Seroconversion in neutralising antibody to the isolate was demonstrated in paired serum samples derived from the calf. This is the first report of bovine rhinovirus isolation in the Sudan and Africa. Whether bovine rhinoviruses play any significant role in bovine respiratory disease in the Sudan is not known and has yet to be determined.  相似文献   

3.
The history of echinococcosis in Europe includes a period of over 2000 years. Already in antiquity metacestodes (hydatids) of Echinococcus granulosus, the causative agents of Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), were observed in animals and humans. Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE), caused by metacestodes of E. multilocularis, was identified as a disease entity only in the middle of the 19th century. It took about 100 years until it was undoubtedly clarified and accepted that CE and AE are not caused by a single Echinococcus species, but by E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, respectively. In the 20th century significant progress has been achieved in echinococcosis research, including diagnosis, epidemiology, therapy, immunology, molecular biology and other fields. However, CE and AE remain actual problems as in many endemic regions resources and structures are lacking for effective surveillance and control of these zoonoses threatening humans.  相似文献   

4.
The "abscess disease" was described in naturally infected goats for the first time in Sudan. An anaerobic respiratory deficient staphylococcus was isolated in pure form. The biochemical properties were studied. The disease was successfully reproduced in experimental goats.  相似文献   

5.
The clinical and pathological features of the contagious ecthyma in camel calves in the Sudan were investigated. The animals were inappetant, emaciated and slightly anaemic. The disease was characterized by skin lesions around the lips and nostrils with occasional involvement of mucocutaneous junctions. The pathology includes vaculoar changes of the epithelial layers. Affected areas were ulcerated, haemorrhagic and with frequent secondary bacterial surinfection. Negative contrast electron microscopy has proven to be an extremely useful procedure for quick differential diagnosis.  相似文献   

6.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in animals and humans with a worldwide distribution affecting...  相似文献   

7.
An infectious keratoconjunctivitis occurring in goats in the Sudan is described. Experimental transmission using infective ocular discharges resulted in a conjunctivitis in young kids and a severe keratoconjunctivitis in an adult goat. A pleomorphic organism which resembled Rickettsia spp was found in conjunctival smears from naturally and experimentally infected animals. Neither Mycoplasma nor Chlamydia spp were isolated in microbiological cultures.  相似文献   

8.
Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum nymphs were collected from two localities in the Sudan: Eddamer in Northern Sudan and Wad-Medani in Central Sudan. They were allowed to moult to adult ticks, which were assessed for Theileria infection in their salivary glands using Feulgen stain. At Eddamer, 49.6% of 123 ticks examined were infected with Theileria and the mean intensity of infection was 1.3 (i.e. the number of infected acini/number of infected ticks). At Wad-Medani, 8.6% of 162 ticks were infected and the mean intensity of infection was 7.9. The prevalence of infection was higher in female than in male ticks at both localities. When adult H. a. anatolicum were applied onto two susceptible calves, both animals developed the severe form of theileriosis.  相似文献   

9.
This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica recovered from human, food, water, and animal samples collected in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 64 Salmonella isolates belonging to 28 different serovars were tested for their susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents. The majority of isolates (98.4 %) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Isolates were frequently resistant to ampicillin (90.6 %), cephalexin (50.0 %), nalidixic acid (25.0 %), streptomycin (21.9 %), kanamycin (18.8 %), gentamicin (17.2 %), and co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim (12.5 %). The most common pattern of multiple drug resistance included resistance to ampicillin and cephalexin. Most isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol (98.4 %), ciprofloxacin (93.8 %), and norfloxacin (90.6 %). Two chicken- and the two human-origin S. Kentucky isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. All S. Kentucky isolates and the one S. Rissen isolate demonstrated multi-drug resistance. The results indicate the significance of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from chickens and other animals and foods as sources for multi-drug-resistant Salmonella in humans in Sudan.  相似文献   

10.

Background

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an insect-transmitted virus, which causes bluetongue disease (BT) in sheep and a fatal hemorrhagic infection in North American white-tailed deer. However, in cattle the disease is typically asymptomatic and no overt clinical signs of disease appear to be associated with BTV infection. Serological evidence and isolation of different BTV serotypes have been reported in Sudan, however, no information is currently available in regard to previous exposure of Sudanese livestock to BTV infection in East Darfur State, Sudan.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of BTV antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with BTV infection among cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan.

Methods

A total of 224 blood samples were collected randomly from five localities in East Darfur State, Sudan. The serum samples were screened for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA).

Results

Serological evidence of BTV infection was observed in 150 out of 224 animals accounting for a 67% prevalence rate among cattle in East Darfur State. Older cattle (>2 years of age) were six times more likely to be infected with BTV (OR = 6.62, CI = 2.87-15.26, p-value = 0.01). Regarding animal source (contact with other herds) as a risk factor, it was shown that cattle purchased from market or introduced from other herds were 3 times at higher risk of being infected with BTV (OR = 3.87, CI = 1.07-13.87, p value = 0.03). Exposure of cattle to the insect vector increased the risk of contracting BTV infection by six times compared to non-exposed cattle (OR = 6.44, CI = 1.53-27.08, p value = 0.01).

Conclusion

The present study indicated that age, animal source and the intensity of the insect vector are influential risk factors for BTV infection in cattle in the Darfur region. Surveillance for BTV infection should be extended to include other susceptible ruminants and to study the distribution of the insect vectors to better predict and respond to a possible BTV outbreak in the State of East Darfur, Sudan.  相似文献   

11.
Clinical zinc and copper deficiencies in cattle of western Sudan   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
Clinical cases of both Zn and Cu deficiencies are reported in a cattle farm in Kordofan Region of the Sudan after drought. The animals showed general weakness, stunted growth, infertility, parakeratosis and achromotrichia. There was macrocytic hypochromic anaemia and low Cu and Zn concentrations in sera. The condition was more prevalent in zebu-Friesian crosses than the local breeds. Drought and marginal or low Cu and Zn content in pasture may be the predisposing factors.  相似文献   

12.
苏丹草与高粱杂交后代特征及其主要经济性状   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  
以黑颖苏丹草作母本与父本同杂2号高粱杂交。通过 4代选育,结果表明,杂种后代表现抗倒伏、耐旱、抗病、植株粗壮、高大、叶片宽而长,适应性较广。其形态特征与父母本相比具有明显差异。  相似文献   

13.
The economic potential of two alternatives: (1) an epidemiologic approach to provision of a veterinary services delivery system centered on surveillance and selective actions and (2) a traditional mass vaccination program against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia were compared with the current situation of no specific animal disease control program in the southern region of the Sudan. The surveillance and selective actions alternative is based on the creation of an innovative, disease data collection network that would provide information necessary to direct selective veterinary activities. The economic technique used was benefit—cost analysis. Results showed that the surveillance and selective actions alternative was economically preferable to both the current program and the mass vaccination alternative. Additional major, non-quantified benefits of the surveillance program included improvement of veterinary infrastructure in the Sudan.  相似文献   

14.
The existence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in domestic ruminants and camels in Sudan during 2008–2012 was investigated. Lung tissues and serum samples were randomly collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at different areas of Sudan. A total of 12,384 serum samples were collected from clinically healthy 7413 sheep, 1988 camels, 1501 cattle, 1459 goats, and 23 gazelles at different areas in the Sudan. They were examined for PPR antibodies using competitive ELISA (cELISA). The overall detected seroprevalence of PPR in tested sera was 49.4%; seroprevalence values within species were 67.1, 48.2, 25.8, 2.1, and 21.7% in sheep, goat, cattle, camels, and gazelles, respectively. The highest seroprevalence (68.1%) was observed in sera collected from Darfur states, then the central states (54.3%). A total of 1276 lung tissue samples (623 sheep, 324 cattle, 220 camels, and 109 goats) were collected. The majority of lung samples were collected from clinically healthy animals that showed lesions on PM in slaughterhouses (95%) and during PPR outbreaks; samples were tested for PPR antigen using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA). PPR antigen was detected in 233 out of the 1276 tested samples (18.3%). Positive results were observed in samples collected from clinically healthy and diseased animals. The observed prevalence values in each species were 33.6, 21.1, 15.4, and 12.3% in camel, goat, sheep, and cattle, respectively. PPR antigen was detected in samples from different areas; however, the highest prevalence (63.9%) was found in samples collected from the eastern states, then Khartoum state (28%). Trials for virus isolation were done in different cell cultures. Out of 30 IcELISA-positive samples inoculated in primary bovine and ovine kidney cells, Vero cells, the PPR virus was successfully isolated from 15 (eight sheep, five camels, and two goats) samples in the three cell culture types. Using RT-PCR, PPRV nucleic acid was detected in all 25 IcELISA-positive tested samples.  相似文献   

15.
Twenty-one Salmonella enteritidis isolates were recovered from several poultry farms in three states in the Sudan over an eighteen-month period. The infection was disseminated from a distributing company which had imported infected fertilized eggs and parent stock. The Sudan S. enteritidis epidemic which devastated many poultry farms during 1990 was attributable and concurrent to that in Europe in particular and throughout the world in general.  相似文献   

16.
Disease prevalence studies are one of the most valuable tools to demonstrate the risk or impact of certain infections in local and global economies. The data obtained in these studies contribute to develop strategies for disease control. The present study aims to provide information about the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the northern regions of Sudan. Blood samples from four different states of Sudan were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=692), DNA was extracted and the prevalence of Babesia and Anaplasma species was analyzed by PCR. The results confirmed the presence of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle in northern Sudan with overall prevalence rates of 4.0%, 1.9% and 6.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence of B. bigemina, B. bovis and A. marginale varies significantly between Sudanese states as well as in different age groups, while gender seems not to have a significant effect on the prevalence of these pathogens among Sudanese cattle. The highest prevalence for B. bigemina was found in the Aljazirah State while the highest number of A. marginale positive samples was reported in River Nile.  相似文献   

17.
In a cross sectional survey conducted during the period June 2001 to July 2002, the geographical distribution of ticks on cattle in the Sudan was determined. Seventeen locations were surveyed from Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, Blue Nile and White Nile Provinces. Total body collections of ticks were made from 20 cattle at each location. Four tick genera and 11 species were identified. The tick species collected included Amblyomma lepidum, Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma impeltatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus group and Rhipicephalus simus simus. Major ecological changes have occurred due to extensive animal movement, deforestation, desertification and establishment of large mechanized agricultural schemes. These factors have certainly affected the distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the Sudan. The absence of A. variegatum and A. lepidum in northern Sudan was not surprising, since these tick species are known to survive in humid areas and not in the desert and semi-desert areas of northern Sudan. The absence of B. annulatus in northern and central Sudan is in accordance with the finding that this tick species is restricted to the southern parts of the central Sudan. The presence of H. anatolicum anatolicum in Um Benin in relatively high abundance is an interesting finding. The present finding may indicate that the southern limit of this species has changed and moved southwards to latitude 13 degrees N. It is concluded that major changes in tick distribution have taken place in the Sudan.  相似文献   

18.
试验以苏丹草种子为材料,采用二次通用旋转组合设计,研究了水分、NaCl复合胁迫对宁苜1号种子胁迫萌发指数(PI)的影响,结果表明:NaCl对苏丹草种子萌发有明显的抑制作用;水分对苏丹草PI影响不大,苏丹草种子萌发具有较强的耐旱性;水分、NaCl两因素对PI交互效应表现为:随着两因素的同时变化,PI表现出先增大后减小,两个因素共同作用下,PI最大,为64.12,两因素组合为盐分-1.414水平(浓度0)和0水平(6 ml),为苏丹草种子萌发较优组合。  相似文献   

19.
An outbreak of bluetongue and the first isolation of the virus in the Sudan are reported. The disease occurred in sheep stressed by walking for five days when biting arthropods were prevalent. Estimates of the morbidity and mortality rates ranged from about 30 per cent and 2 per cent respectively in adult sheep to around 80 per cent and 100 per cent respectively in lambs. The virus was isolated by the inoculation of suckling mice and embryonated eggs with whole blood from febrile sheep. In a gel precipitation test it reacted with specific antiserum to type 10 BT8 strain. No other agent was isolated. Given the relatively mild nature of bluetongue in indigenous sheep, it is believed that the long walking stress coupled with exposure to sunlight might have aggravated the severity of the disease in this particular outbreak.  相似文献   

20.
Goat pox in the Sudan   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Summary An outbreak of goat pox occurred among 60 adult and young goats in the Sudan. Among the findings of special interest was the extensive and wide distribution of pox lesions on the bodies of the animals. The severe involvement of the mucous membranes of the muzzle, eyes and nostrils gave rise to acute respiratory distress and systemic reaction. The suppression of secondary bacterial infection with local and systemic terramycin in addition to supportive therapy of affected animals alleviated the condition and none of the animals died. Typical pox lesions were produced experimentally on goats and sheep using infected material from goats. Human infections were not encountered.
Viruela En Cabras En Sudan
Resumen Ocurrió un brote de viruela en un rebaño de 60 cabras adultas y jóvenes en Sudan. De interés fue la extensión y localización de las lesiones en todo el cuerpo de los animales afectados. El compromiso severo de las membranas mucosas de las narices, ojos y hocico originó síntomas respiratorios agudos y reacción sistémica. El tratamiento oportuno con terramicina local y parenteral alivió la condición evitando muertes. Se reprodujeron lesiones tipicas de viruela en cabras y ovejas inoculadas experimentalmente utilizando material de animales enfermos. No se encontraron infecciones humanas.
Variole Des Chevres Au Soudan
Résumé Une épidémie de variole caprine est apparue sur 60 chèvres adultes et jeunes au Soudan. Parmi les observations intéressantes faites, on peut citer l'extension et la large distribution des lésions de variole sur le corps des animaux. Leur grave développement sur les membranes muqueuses du museau, des yeux et des narines a provoqué une détresse respiratoire aiguë et des réactions systémiques. La suppression des infections bactériennes secondaires par traitement local des lésions à la terramycine à l'appui d'une thérapeutique de soutien des animaux atteints a fait qu'aucun d'eux n'est mort. Des lésions typiques de la variole ont été expérimentalement obtenues sur des chèvres et des moutons, en utilisant du matériel infecté de chèvres. Aucun cas de variole humaine n'a été constaté.
  相似文献   

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