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1.
Summary Cold tolerance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), runner bean (P. coccineus L.) and several bean lines was evaluated under artificial conditions. Seedlings were exposed to –6°C gradually, then to –12°C rapidly in the growth chamber with copper-constantan thermocouples attached to various parts of the plant. Seedling freezing curves with exotherms were then analyzed. Three basic parameters were measured: time required for exotherm to appear, temperature of the appearance of the exotherm and temperature rise caused by the exotherm. Exotherm appearance in beans was related to freezing injury and death of the seedlings. Exotherms of the common bean variety Bush Blue Lake 92 seedling recorded at the stem, primary leaf base, tip and petiole and true leaf appeared at the same time, however their shape was different. Exotherms of stem appeared at higher temperature than those of primary leaves. Their shapes always followed the same pattern. Beans with cold tolerance were found to produce exotherms later than susceptible ones. Exposing 3 weeks old bean seedlings to 12°C delayed the time of exotherm appearance in the cold susceptible cultivar Bush Blue Lake 92. Some plants survived 2 hours exposure to –6°C in the growth chamber. 相似文献
2.
Summary Angular leaf spot (Isariopsis griseola
Sacc.) is a serious disease of French bean in the hills of India and 40 to 70 per cent of the green pods are damaged and rendered unmarketable. Crosses were made between PLB 257, (Phaseolus coccineus L.), a red flowering pole tope, resistant to angular leaf spot, and Contender (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a highly susceptible commercial cultivar. Studies of the F1, F2, and F3 progenies indicated that PLB 257, carries a recessive gene imparting resistance to angular leaf spot. 相似文献
3.
Summary The F1, F2 and F3 from two crosses within Phaseolus acutifolius were exposed to Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli to analyse the inheritance of resistance. The resistant parent, PI 319.443, gave a hypersensitive reaction in leaves and pods with small necrotic lesions. Based on the resistance of F1, the segregation in F2 and the reaction of F3 plants and lines, it is concluded that resistance in leaves and pods is governed by one dominant gene. Comparisons are made with the resistance to X. campetris in P. vulgaris. 相似文献
4.
Summary Genetic variance within Phaseolus vulgaris or among Phaseolus species for leghemoglobin composition may be useful in breeding for enhanced nitrogen fixation. Using primers constructed from conserved regions of the leghemoglobin gene, polymerase chain reaction was used to specifically amplify the Lba gene in total DNA samples from 17 lines and 10 species of Phaseolus. These primers are 100% homologous with the 5- and 3-ends of the leghemoglobin-encoding genes Lba of Phaseolus vulgaris, Lbc2 and Lbc3 of Glycine max, and 90% homologous to the G. max Lba gene. With one exception, only a single band was amplified using this approach with DNA isolated from 11 species of Phaseolus. The species of Phaseolus used in these experiments can be grouped into six classes based on the size of the amplified product which corresponded to their presumed genetic relatedness. Arranged in decreasing order by size these classes are: (1) Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus polystacius; (2) Phaseolus anisotrichus; (3) Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus filiformis, Phaseolus angustissimus acc. # 16, and Phaseolus oligospermus; (4) Phaseolus angustissimus acc # 166, which had two major bands; (5) Phaseolus polyanthus, Phaseolus microspermus, and Phaseolus coccineus; and (6) Phaseolus vulgaris. No significant heterogeneity of amplified product within Phaseolus vulgaris was observed among 12 lines examined, but heterogeneity was observed between lines within Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus angustissimus. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of conserved genes may be a useful method to facilitate the introgression of desirable genes from wild and exotic germplasm.Abbreviation Lb
leghemoglobin
Support for this work was provided by the University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences through Hatch project no. D479 and by USDA competitive grant 9103443 to EWT. 相似文献
5.
Summary Homozygous and heterozygous Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius parental genotypes were hybridized to determine if genotypic diversity would aid gene transfer between these species. Certain P. vulgaris female parents resulting from diverse intraspecific crosses increased the frequency of species hybrids obtained. From a total of 19 self-sterile hybrids, 20 backcross-1 (BC1) lines (P. vulgaris recurrent parent) were produced from 4 partially female-fertile hybrids, each of which had a heterozygous P. vulgaris female parent. Heterozygous P. acutifolius male parents did not influence the frequency at which interspecific hybrids could be produced but apparently improved female-fertility. Fertility of the F1BC1 generation was highly variable. The frequency of fertile individuals increased in each subsequent backcross generation (F1BC2 and F1BC3).Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station Publication 9946. 相似文献
6.
Identification of a novel source of resistance to angular leaf spot disease of common bean within the secondary gene pool 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr., the agent of angular leaf spot disease of common bean, is a highly variable pathogen for which resistance gene diversification is required. This study analysed genetic resistance to this disease within genotypes of three Phaseolus species. Twenty-nine genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus polyanthus were inoculated with 54 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola. The genetic resistance was estimated according to the symptom intensity observed for each plant genotype-pathogen isolate combination. Globally, genotypes of the common bean secondary gene pool were resistant to a higher number of isolates than common bean varieties. Interactions between plant genotypes and pathogen isolates suggested vertical resistance genes within P. vulgaris, as well as within P. coccineus and P. polyanthus. The ‘NI666’accession (P. coccineus) showed resistance to all the fungal isolates inoculated while the variety ‘Aroana’(P. vulgaris) was susceptible to most of the isolates. Interspecific hybridization between these two genotypes gave F1 hybrid plants which showed resistance to angular leaf spot disease. 相似文献
7.
Summary Interspecific hybrids of Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus acutifolius or Phaseolus filiformis have been evaluated for evidence of heterosis for symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity. Hybrids showing composite leghemoglobin profiles were selected for comparison. Rooted cuttings from hybrids and their respective parents were used to estimate nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) rates and to determine nitrogen accumulation during the growth period. Some hybrids of Phasolus vulgaris × Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus vulgaris × Phaseolus filiformis had significantly (P<0.01) higher nitrogen fixation rates and in the latter case, accumulated more total nitrogen, than either parent. The interspecific hybrids also showed more complex leghemoglobin profiles than either parent. 相似文献
8.
The tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is a desirable genetic resource for incorporation of improved disease, pest, and stress resistance into common bean (P. vulgaris L.). Reproductive barriers separate the two species and the degree to which tepary genes may be introgressed into the common bean genome has not been well described. Greenhouse studies of gene introgression through recurrent back-crossing to common bean were performed using two first backcross (BC1) and nine second backcross (BC2) populations. The truncate primary leaf characteristic of tepary bean was readily observed but the short primary leaf petiole and narrow bract tepary traits were infrequently observed in both BC1 and BC2 populations. In one BC, population high frequencies of adaxial stomata (characteristic of P. acutifolius) and the presence of a 30 kD cotyledon polypeptide from P. acutifolius were also observed; however, a diapho-rase isozyme from P. acutifolius appeared to be eliminated from BC1 progeny at a high rate whereas 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase alleles appeared to be transmitted normally. The expression of tepary primary leaf truncate morphology and bract width were correlated with decreased fertility in one of the two BC1 populations. Given suitable parental genotypes and population sizes it should be possible to transfer genes from P. acutifolius to P. vulgaris, especially in regions of the genome which are not associated with inviability or sterility. It will be difficult to transfer factors from certain regions of the tepary genome which are preferentially eliminated during introgression. 相似文献
9.
Summary A non-destructive method has been developed to select common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants whose growth is less effected at a suboptimal temperature. Shoot weight was determined at a suboptimal (14°C) and optimal temperature (20°C), 38 days after sowing and accessions identified with a significantly lower than average weight reduction at 14°C compared to their weight at 20°C. Weight of primary leaves and of the shoot was correlated with seed weight at both temperatures, but no correlation was found between shoot weight reduction at 14°C and seed weight. 相似文献
10.
G. A. Kemp 《Euphytica》1979,28(2):425-433
Summary The interaction of suboptimal temperatures with light on the normal photonastic movement of the unifoliate leaf of cultivars and progeny derived from crosses of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was studied. Nastic movements are normally inhibited by a temperature of 10°C, but tolerance permits the normal orientation of the leaf-blade to the light. Analysis of data from parental, F1, and F2 populations of two sensitive and one tolerant cultivar indicated that this trait was controlled by two major genes. Tolerance appeared to be due to two pairs of recessive genes. The intolerant reaction was due to either one, or both, of the dominant alleles, one of which was epistatic to the second and similar in response. It is suggested that early growth could be improved by selection for photonastic response at low temperature. 相似文献
11.
The genetic diversity of 66 Phaseolus genotypes was investigated, which included 14 local varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris and nine local varieties of P. coccineus, collected in Marche, central Italy. Their genetic diversity was assessed using three types of molecular marker: inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), nuclear gene‐tagged simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and chloroplast simple sequence repeats (CpSSRs). Phaseolus vulgaris shows a higher genetic diversity than P. coccineus for the SSRs and CpSSRs, but not for the putative neutral ISSR markers. These data suggest that selection by farmers and adaptation to heterogeneous environments has maintained the diversity in landraces of the common bean. Comparing genetic diversity in Marche with that of the American controls reveals that 71% of the local P. vulgaris varieties in Marche are of Andean origin. The two gene pools of the common bean can be found on the same farm, and there is some evidence of past hybridization events between these two gene pools. 相似文献
12.
J. Smartt 《Euphytica》1970,19(4):480-489
Summary Attempted interspecific hybridization between the speciesPhaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolius andP. lunatus has indicated that a close genetic relationship exists betweenP. vulgaris andP. coccineus. Viable hybrids of varying fertility can be made reciprocally between these species. Affinity is indicated withP. acutifolius by the formation of viable but sterile hybrids. Less affinity is apparent between these three species andP. lunatus with which they do not produce viable interspecific hybrids. Nevertheless morphological resemblances between the four species justify their retention within the same section of the genus.Effects of cytoplasmic constitution on both fertility and viability were shown in the F2 and backcross progenies ofP. vulgaris () ×P. coccineus () hybrids and on viability in theP. vulgaris () ×P. acutifolius () and reciprocal hybrids. In slightly fertileP. vulgaris () ×P. coccineus () hybrids it was concluded that distorted F2 segregations were due to differential loss ofP. coccineus genes in sporogenesis and embryogenesis occurring in aP. vulgaris plasmon.Formerly at The School of Agriculture, University of Cambridge. 相似文献
13.
The origin and biosystematic status of Phaseolus coccineus ssp. polyanthus: electrophoretic evidence
This work describes the electrophoretic analysis of Phaseolus coccineus ssp. coccineus, P. coccineus spp. polyanthus, P. coccineus ssp. obvallatus and P. vulgaris for eight enzyme systems. The data demonstrate that P. coccineus ssp. polyanthus is not a hybrid between P. vulgaris and P. coccineus ssp. coccineus as it was thought. They demonstrate also that P. coccineus ssp. polyanthus is not an independent taxon as it has also been proposed. Instead, it appears to be a P. coccineus ssp. coccineus variety. The hybrid origin of this group could not be definitively ruled out with the evidence of our data since constant introgression of P. coccineus ssp. polyanthus to P. coccineus could produce similar electrophoretic patterns. Ways to test these ideas are proposed. 相似文献
14.
Summary Common blight disease in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, reduces crop yield and seed quality. Information is needed on the variation of leaves and pods disease reaction to strains of the bacterium after different inoculation methods. Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars Red Kidney Charlevoix, GN Harris, GN 1140, and GN Emerson were inoculated with three different strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli at two inoculum concentrations (108 and 106 bacterial cells/ml) using water soaking, multiple needle, and razor blade inoculation on leaves, and razor blade scratch, dissecting needle, and razor blade cut inoculation on pods. Differential cultivar disease reactions of leaves, pods, or both to the bacterial strains were observed in some cases. Significant interactions among cultivars, inoculation methods, strains, and inoculum concentrations (leaves) were found. A rapid leaf chlorosis developed 6 to 7 days after inoculation. Strains of bacteria did not show specificity in inducing this reaction, but rapid leaf chlorosis was associated with high inoculum concentration and with the water soaking and multiple needle methods. Another experiment was conducted to count the number of living bacterial cells deposited in the leaf tissue after inoculation by different methods. The number of bacteria deposited by water soaking or multiple needle was higher than that deposited by razor blade.Published as Paper No. 8584, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted under Project No. 20–36. 相似文献
15.
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is a relatively higher drought-tolerant crop than common bean (P. vulgaris), serving as genetic resource for food and genetic enhancement of related legumes. Tepary bean production is hampered by cultivation of low yielding and abiotic stress-susceptible cultivars. Targeted selection of agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits that maximizes yield gains using Phaseolus gene pool is useful to develop stress-tolerant and high-performing genotypes. The objective of this review is to provide breeding progress made regarding tepary bean improvement for drought adaptation. Agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits utilized for selection of drought-tolerant genotypes are highlighted. Genetic and genomic resources developed for tepary bean or closely related species such as common bean useful for genetic analysis and breeding are discussed. Opportunities and challenges to facilitate breeding of tepary bean genotypes with improved abiotic stress adaptation are highlighted. This will enable development of drought-tolerant tepary bean genotypes targeting selection of agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits. Use of genetically related and complementary Phaseolus species and marker-assisted selection method is key to developing drought-tolerant genotypes. 相似文献
16.
Abnormal hybrid seedling development hinders attempts to introgress diverse germplasm in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs. In this study, the hypothesis that DL1 and DL2 loci control abnormal seedling development both in Phaseolus vulgaris L. intraspecific hybrids and in P. vulgaris×P. acutifolius A. Gray interspecific hybrids was tested. Hybrids from crosses between six P. vulgaris lines (two Andean dl1 d1, DL2DL2, two Mesoamerican DL1DL1 dl2 dl2, and two facilitators dl1dl1, dl2dl2) and P. vulgaris cultivar Ex Rico 23 developed normally, indicating that Ex Rico 23 has the facilitator genotype dl1, dl1, dl2dl2. Previous studies have shown that Ex Rico 23 ×P. acutifolius results in abnormal seedlings, but ‘ICA Pijao’, also dl1, dl1 dl2dl2, ×P. acutifolius results in normal seedlings. Neither the Andean nor the Mesoamerican lines crossed successfully with P. acutifolius, but crosses between one of the two facilitators (G3807) and P. acutifolius resulted in normal seedlings. These results support the hypothesis that different loci control intra- and interspecific hybrid seedling development. 相似文献
17.
To evaluate the variability among cultivars and landraces of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 15 cultivars and 18 landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), a undefined species of Phaseolus,two landraces of Vigna angularis L., and a landrace of soybean (Glycine maxL.), were screened with fifteen oligonucleotide primers in PCR reactions. An average of 20.3 RAPD bands were scored per primer.
A total of 304 amplification products were scored of which 88.8% were polymorphic among Phaseolus genotypes. Based on the RAPD markers, four major clusters were formed. Three clusters corresponded to the soybean, to the
two Vigna angularis landraces, and to the Phaseolus sp. landrace, respectively. The fourth cluster include all the landraces and cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. This large group could be separated into three subgroups that were correlated with the phaseolin patterns and the average
seed weight of the genotypes. The analysis shows that most of the landraces collected in South Brazil (17 out of 18) belong
to the Andean gene pool, and most of the cultivars (13 out of 15) belong to the Middle American gene pool.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Summary CertainPhaseolus vulgaris L. ×P. lunatus L. crosses were performed to study the effect of maternal heterozygosity on development and growth of the interspecific hybrid embryos. Interspecific embryos had a much slower growth rate in vitro compared with embryos derived from self-pollination ofP. vulgaris parents. Thus, interspecific embryos could be identified by growth rate in vitro. TheP. vulgaris maternal genotype affected both the number and size of 15-day-old interspecific embryos. Specifically, 76 Spartan Arrow produced significantly more interspecific embryos than did Great Northern as the seed parent, while maternal intraspecific hybrids produced smaller embryos than did maternal pure lines. There were no reciprocal differences between hybrid maternal parents for embryo number or size. Embryo size at excision and final size after culturing were closely correlated (r2=+0.93). The crossP. vulgaris 76 Spartan Arrow ×P. lunatus P.I. 214170 produced both the largest mean size at excision and the fastest growth in culture, indicating that specific combining ability affected both characteristics.Journal Paper No. J-12208 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 2495 相似文献
19.
Crosses were performed between nine Phaseolus vulgaris lines (as females) and seven P. acutifolius lines (as- male to examine parental compatibility for the production of vigorous hybrid And backcross plants, in vitro embryo rescue techniques were required to secure hybrid and backcross proseny following interspecific crossing. Seedling development appeared to be dependent on which allele the P. vulgaris parent carried at an interspecific incompatibility locus. Seven of the nine P. vulgaris lines tested carried an allele at this locus which interacted with a nuclear factor in the P. acutifolius genome resulting in stunted, sub-lethal hybrids. The lines, ICA pijao' and ‘Sacramento Light Red Kidney’ did not carry this allele and produced vigorous hybrid progeny in combination with all P. acutifolius parents. Intensive backcrossing produced progeny which also segregated for sub-lethal and viable plant development. The observed segregation patterns suggest that a bridge crossing scheme would facilitate the introgression of P. acutifolius germplasm into incompatible P. vulgaris lines. Similarities, with an intraspecific incompatibility system are discussed. 相似文献
20.
E. Kooistra 《Euphytica》1971,20(2):208-213
Summary In a test on bean seeds for their germinating capacity at low temperatures good germination was found in Phaseolus trilobus
Ait. and P. coccineus L. and also in a variety of P. vulgaris, viz Comtesse de Chambord. Particularly at soil temperatures below 15°C this latter variety germinated better than the other vulgaris varieties. The ability of Comtesse de Chambord to germinate at low temperatures could for a large part be retained in an attempt to combine this feature with good cultural properties of snap beans.Samenvatting In een onderzoek met betrekking tot het kiemen van bonezaden bij lage temperaturen werd een goede kieming aangetroffen bij Phaseolus trilobus
Ait. en P. coccineus L., maar ook bij een hardschillig ras van P. vulgaris L., n.l. Comtesse de Chambord. De betere kieming van laatstgenoemd ras bleek in vergelijking met overige vulgaris-rassen vooral van betekenis voor grondtemperaturen beneden 15°C. Het vermogen van Comtesse de Chambord om bij lagere temperaturen te kiemen kon voor een belangrijk deel worden behouden in een poging deze eigenschap te combineren met goede cultuureigenschappen van stamslabonen. 相似文献