共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
为了提高中国漆蜡的品质,分析了不同产地和品种的漆籽物化性能的差异,研究加氢单因素对加氢脱色后漆蜡物化性能的变化。结果表明：中国漆蜡含有不饱和脂肪酸高于日本野漆蜡。通过加氢和脱色精制的漆蜡,漆蜡熔点和硬度提高,酸值从66.4 mg/g下降到13.7 mg/g,碘值从151 mg/g下降至90 mg/g,过氧化值从31.3 mmol/kg下降至5.6 mmol/kg,白度从25上升到85,其物理性能优于日本Star Cherry牌系列白蜡.加氢漆蜡中硬脂酸的GC含量从7.38％升高至15.85％,油酸从13.66％降至4.85％,总饱和脂肪酸GC含量(C16∶0和C18∶0)大于90％,与日本Star Cherry牌系列白蜡的化学成分接近.漆蜡加氢脱色最佳条件是钯碳(5.0％)用量0.2％,反应时间2～4 h,反应温度100℃,氢气压力0.5 Mpa,搅拌速度200 r/min.选择活性炭与凹凸棒土(质量比1∶1)作为脱色剂,脱色剂加入量为漆蜡质量的0.5％,搅拌脱色30 min,温度80℃,脱色效果最好. 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2016,(5)
针对木糖脱色用粉状炭环境污染严重、废炭回收困难、再生处理不易等缺点,选择合适的粉状活性炭和黏结剂,研究其成型工艺。通过试验得到木糖脱色用成型活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:m(炭粉)∶m(复合黏结剂)∶m(水)=1∶0.4∶2.5,复合黏结剂中含有A和B两组分,m(A)∶m(B)=1∶4。混合成型后在150℃下干燥,强度在87%以上;温度在80℃左右,对木糖液脱色效果最佳,脱色率为75.36%;常温酸碱浸泡几乎对试样没有破坏,用酸碱煮沸5 min,颗粒表层略微有脱落,但对整体结构没有破坏。成型后活性炭的相关性能为:碘吸附值985mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值225 mg/g,焦糖脱色率60%,比表面积1 438.56 m~2/g。吸附饱和后的成型活性炭经酸洗后,再生性能较好。 相似文献
3.
高比表面积竹质活性炭的制备与性能研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以竹子为原料、磷酸为活化剂,在不同条件下制备竹基活性炭,考察浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间、升温速率等因素对竹质活性炭产品吸附性能的影响,得到亚甲基蓝吸附值最高达200 mL/g、焦糖脱色率最高达120%的高吸附性能竹质活性炭。研究结果表明最佳工艺条件为:浸渍比3∶1(g∶g),活化温度400℃,升温速率10℃/m in,活化时间40 m in。对所制得的竹质活性炭产品进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析、N2吸附分析,结果表明所制得活性炭具有较高的BET比表面积(2 103 m2/g)和发达的孔结构。 相似文献
4.
以硬杂木龙凤檀的加工剩余物为原料,研究了磷酸活化法的活化温度、磷酸质量分数和浸渍比对龙凤檀活性炭吸附性能的影响,通过N2吸附-脱附等温线对活性炭的结构进行分析,并根据吸附理论和DFT孔径分布图,拟合计算出活性炭有效孔道所占的孔容积与液相吸附性能(碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率)的构效关系。研究结果表明：在磷酸质量分数60%、磷酸溶液与龙凤檀浸渍比3∶1(mL∶g)、活化温度500℃、活化时间120 min的条件下,磷酸活化法制备的龙凤檀活性炭具有最佳的吸附性能和优异的孔隙结构,碘吸附值为841 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为270 mg/g,焦糖脱色率为120%,比表面积为1 516 m2/g,总孔容为1.145 cm3/g,均优于软杂木杉木制备得到的活性炭。应用密度泛函理论(DFT),计算出龙凤檀活性炭不同孔径区间对应的孔容积,经过理论分析和拟合计算,发现碘吸附值与孔径在1.0～2.7 nm之间的孔容积、亚甲基蓝吸附值与孔径在1.7～5.0 nm之间的孔容积、焦糖脱色率与孔径在2.7～6.3 nm之间的孔容积有着很好... 相似文献
5.
为了再生废弃粉状活性炭,将废弃粉状活性炭、煤焦油和聚乙二醇混合搅拌,并经成型、炭化和活化制备成型颗粒活性炭。采用国家标准和氮气吸附法分析测试活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、焦糖脱色率、比表面积和比孔容积等,利用热重分析方法研究废弃粉状活性炭、煤焦油和聚乙二醇3种组分及其混合物的热解特征,考察聚乙二醇的用量、分子量以及活化的温度和时间对成型活性炭吸附能力与孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明:采用粉状活性炭、煤焦油和聚乙二醇混合成型的热再生方法可以制备出糖液脱色用颗粒活性炭;聚乙二醇添加剂可以显著提高活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率,促进中孔的形成,但聚乙二醇分子量的影响不明显;在废弃粉状活性炭与聚乙二醇4000的质量比为6∶1,粉状活性炭与煤焦油的质量比1∶1.6,活化温度和时间分别为900℃和2 h等条件下,可以制备出亚甲基蓝吸附值达205 m L/g和焦糖脱色率达到110%的糖液脱色用成型颗粒活性炭。 相似文献
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为了研究高温处理对漆蜡皂化值的影响情况,设处理温度分别为100、110、120、130、140和150℃,处理时间长度分别为1、2、3、4和5 h,就不同温度条件和处理时间对漆蜡碘值的影响情况进行了试验。结果表明:在100℃的温度条件下,不同处理时间的漆蜡碘值整体低于其他几组温度处理的,其变化范围为62.4~70.2 mg·g-1;当温度为150℃时,不同处理时间的漆蜡碘值比其他几组温度处理的整体上相对要高些,其变化范围为76.0~85.8 mg·g-1;不同温度处理的漆蜡碘值存在差异,且差异达到极显著水平,其中处理温度为100℃与其他5组处理温度(110、120、130、140和150℃)对漆蜡碘值的影响差异均达到极显著水平;110与120℃、130和150℃各组处理对漆蜡碘值的影响差异显著;120、130、140和150℃的温度条件下不同处理时间对漆蜡碘值的影响均存在差异,但相互之间的差异均未达到显著水平。 相似文献
9.
试验研究了大孔吸附树脂对白蜡虫粗多糖脱色效果的影响和脱色前后多糖抗氧化活性的变化。通过静态吸附法确定大孔吸附树脂NKA-9较适合白蜡虫粗多糖脱色,动态吸附法确定白蜡虫多糖脱色条件为30℃下10 mg·mL-1多糖溶液(pH值8.0)以1 BV·h-1流速上样1 BV后,以5 BV水洗脱,脱色率为71.4%、脱蛋白率51.9%、多糖收率为60%。体外细胞抗氧化结果表明:脱色前多糖溶液仅在1 000μg·mL-1浓度时能提升过氧化氢损伤人神经母细胞瘤细胞的存活率,而脱色后多糖溶液在10 1 000μg·mL-1范围内均能提升模型细胞存活率,其中,1 000μg·mL-1的脱色白蜡虫多糖与模型组的差异显著(P0.01),结果表明,脱色后多糖抗氧化能力增加。 相似文献
10.
对减压内部沸腾法提取壶瓶枣多糖及其脱色工艺进行了研究。以蛋白质和多糖得率为指标,通过正交试验优化得到的最佳工艺条件为:体系内温度60℃,液料比为20∶1(m L∶g),时间为30 min,此时真空度为80 k Pa,外界温度为70℃,蛋白质和多糖得率分别为0.13%和2.60%。与传统热浸提相比,其得率分别提高了18.18%和23.22%。对10种脱色材料的筛选结果表明D900型大孔吸附树脂是理想脱色材料,通过正交试验优化得到的D900型大孔吸附树脂脱色优化工艺参数为D900添加量3.5%,时间20 h,p H值11.7,温度40℃,此时脱色率、脱蛋白率和多糖保留率分别为81.94%、38.19%和87.42%。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献