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1.
乳汁体细胞数(somatic cell count,SCC)是检查奶牛乳房炎和牛奶质量的指标,为了解南宁某规模化奶牛场奶水牛SCC情况及SCC与其他乳成分的关系,试验随机选取该场152份泌乳早期乳样,测定其SCC、乳汁比重、蛋白质、脂肪、总固形物、非脂固形物及乳糖的含量,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明,SCC小于50万/mL的乳样占被检奶样总数的88.16%,大于100万/mL的占1.97%;乳汁比重、乳蛋白、乳糖和非脂固形物含量均随着SCC的升高而下降,而乳脂含量随着SCC的升高而呈上升趋势;SCC与乳糖及非脂固形物含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。因此,奶水牛乳中SCC不仅与乳糖和非脂固形物含量密切相关,也提示其与奶水牛产后营养代谢状况有关。  相似文献   

2.
So far, rumination has been used as a proxy for monitoring dairy cow health at farm level. However, investigating its genetic aspects as well as its correlation with other important productive traits may turn this management tool into a new informative selection criterion. However, scientific evidences on genetic correlation among rumination time (RT) and milk production and milk composition are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of RT across three lactation phases and its genetic correlation with milk production, milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC). Results of our study showed that heritability for RT was 0.34 and was constant across lactation. The mean genetic correlations between RT and milk production and composition traits were 0.07 (milk production), ?0.07 (protein yield), ?0.31 (fat yield), and ?0.32 (fat/protein ratio). The mean genetic correlation between RT and the SCC was 0.05.  相似文献   

3.
为了探究牛乳中体细胞评分（SCS）对日产奶量（DMY）和乳成分之间的关系,了解奶牛乳房的健康状况,本研究使用新疆昌吉地区规模化牛场共2 338头荷斯坦牛的33 290条DHI记录和生产性能数据,将DHI记录中的体细胞数（SCC）转化为SCS后分析SCS对DMY与乳成分的影响。运用SAS 9.2软件对产奶量和乳成分进行最小二乘方差分析及多重比较,并对SCS与产奶量和乳成分进行相关性分析,其固定效应主要包括SCS、场、年份、季节及胎次效应。结果表明：SCS、场效应、年份效应、季节效应和胎次效应均对DMY与乳成分有极显著影响（P<0.01）。随着SCS的增加,DMY和乳糖率（MLP）呈下降趋势,当SCS为0水平,且SCC为9×103~17×103个/mL时,DMY和MLP极显著高于其他SCS水平（P<0.01）;MFP和MPP呈上升趋势,当SCS为9水平,且SCC为4 529×103~4 904×103个/mL时,MFP和MPP最高。相关性分析结果显示,SCS与DMY、MLP呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）;SCS与MFP、MPP呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。因此,通过分析SCS对产奶量和乳成分间的关系,可为规模化牧场奶牛日常管理提供科学依据,预防和降低患乳房炎的风险。  相似文献   

4.
不同粗饲料对奶牛乳产量和乳成分的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
选择18头荷斯坦奶牛,设置3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头奶牛,研究不同粗饲料对奶牛泌乳性能和乳成分的影响,3个处理的粗饲料分别为玉米秸(Ⅰ组)、玉米秸+青贮玉米秸(Ⅱ组)、羊草(Ⅲ组)。试验结果表明:①试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组平均产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),试验全期分别比Ⅰ组提高了8.82%(P<0.05)和9.57%(P<0.05);②不同处理间的乳糖、乳脂含量差异不显著(P>0.05);对于乳蛋白,在试验40d时3个试验组差异不显著(P>0.05),在第15d时Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别比Ⅰ组降低了7.43%(P<0.05)和8.57%(P<0.05)。对于乳干物质,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。根据上述生产性能指标综合评定,玉米秸+青贮玉米秸可有效替代羊草饲喂奶牛,而不降低泌乳性能。  相似文献   

5.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 concentrations in milk from Holstein cows was measured to determine if transfer and concentration was influenced by production factors (lactation number, stage of lactation, daily milk production), milk composition (milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids content) or by serum IgG1 concentration. Two hundred and ninety-nine Chinese Holstein cows were randomly selected from four herds containing a total of more than 1600 lactating animals. The concentration of IgG1 in the milk and serum was determined by ELISA.Milk IgG1 concentrations varied between 0.030 and 0.614 mg/mL and significantly correlated with lactation number, stage of lactation, daily milk production and somatic cell count. The IgG1 mass was found to highly correlate with lactation number, stage of lactation, daily milk production and milk protein content. Lactation number had the highest positive direct relationship with IgG1 concentration.  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究呼和浩特近郊两个奶牛场荷斯坦奶牛体细胞数(somatic cell count,SCC)变化规律及体细胞分(somatic cell score,SCS)与乳成分的相关性。试验按常规方法采集奶样,并借助Bentley FTS/FCM 400 Combi奶牛生产性能测定仪测定奶样,然后对所得数据用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果显示,奶牛各胎次中SCC在第1胎时最低(P<0.01),在第7胎时最高(P<0.01);随着泌乳天数的增加奶样SCC亦明显增加;奶样SCC<100×103/mL到SCC>1000×103/mL的过度中,奶牛日产奶量和奶样乳糖含量明显降低(P<0.01),分别降低了6.07 kg(22.97%)和0.40%(8.06%),而奶样乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著升高(P<0.01),分别增加了0.32%(8.31%)和0.26%(8.05%)。秋、冬季奶样乳脂率要明显高于春、夏季奶样乳脂率(P<0.01),秋季奶样乳蛋白率最高,春季奶样乳蛋白率最低;春季奶样乳糖含量最高,秋、冬季奶样乳糖含量相对较低;冬季奶样SCC最高,而秋季奶样SCC则最低。SCS与日产奶量(-0.172)和乳糖含量(-0.283)之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),SCS与乳脂率(0.034)和乳蛋白率(0.111)之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,随着胎次增高,SCC有逐渐升高趋势;随着SCC的升高,日产奶量和乳糖含量有降低趋势,而乳脂率和乳蛋白率有升高趋势;季节对乳成分和SCC均有不同程度的影响;SCC对奶牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖含量均有明显影响。  相似文献   

7.
旨在开展奶牛群体高乳成分功能基因的验证与筛选,利用微流控芯片自主选育技术分析北京地区母牛群体高乳蛋白、高乳脂基因频率,同时分析基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。本研究对北京地区8个大型奶牛场1 596头中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因的多态性进行了检测,所有个体均为3胎以内的泌乳牛,收集每头牛所有测定日的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等数据,同时对3个多态位点不同基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771G>A,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均达到极显著关联（P<0.01）,第二泌乳期,g.20146771G>A与5个产奶性状均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。ACACB基因的SNP位点g.63962768C>T,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）,在第二泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。结果表明,RPL23A、ACACB基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,以上基因位点可能通过直接或间接的途径影响奶牛的乳脂或乳蛋白性状,对产奶性状起到重要调控作用。本研究为荷斯坦奶牛后续的标记辅助选择奠定了良好基础。  相似文献   

8.
本研究旨在探析我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳体细胞数（SCC）的水平、分布和影响因素。利用SAS9.0的GLM模型,统计分析覆盖16个省（市、区）,33个规模奶牛场,23 351头中国荷斯坦牛,从2007年至2009年连续3年的225 775条奶牛个体生鲜乳SCC检测记录。结果表明：奶牛个体生鲜乳SCC的总体均值为48×104cell/mL,标准差为117×104cell/mL,个体生鲜乳SCC波动范围较大;其中,77.9%的奶牛个体,其生鲜乳SCC小于50×104cell/mL,对群体混合样生鲜乳SCC的影响系数为0.26;11.3%的奶牛个体,其生鲜乳SCC介于50×104～100×104cell/mL之间,乳房处于隐性感染状态,对群体混合样生鲜乳SCC的影响系数为0.16;10.8%的奶牛个体,生鲜乳SCC大于100×104cell/mL,理论上乳房处于临床感染状态,对群体混合样生鲜乳SCC的影响系数为0.58。奶牛个体生鲜乳体细胞数评分（SCS）呈正态分布,与奶牛个体因素（产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白含量、胎次和泌乳阶段）和环境因素（泌乳月份、泌乳季节）差异极显著（P〈0.01）,与奶牛养殖区域、奶牛场差异不显著（P〉0.05）。我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳SCC主要在50×104cell/mL以下,依据影响参数能实现对生鲜乳SCC水平的调控。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择25～27月龄、1胎、泌乳天数(67±1) d、产奶量(32±5) kg/d且健康的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1g/(d·头)复合植物提取物(每克含辣椒油树脂3.5%、肉桂醛5.5%、丁香酚9.5%)。试验预试期3d,正试期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛产奶量提高2.37%(P>0.05);日粮添加复合植物提取物有降低牛奶体细胞数、尿素氮含量的趋势(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组奶牛血常规指标、血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加1 g/(d·头)复合植物提取物能够在一定程度上提高奶牛产奶量、降低牛奶体细胞数和尿素氮含量,但不影响血液生理状态。  相似文献   

10.
[目的] 比较中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛乳中常规营养成分含量、矿物质元素含量及脂肪酸含量和组成的差异。[方法] 选取中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛各6头,每头奶牛收集200 mL生鲜乳样品,利用乳成分分析仪测定乳中常规营养成分含量,通过原子吸收分光光度计测定乳中矿物质元素含量,应用气相色谱仪测定乳中脂肪酸含量和组成。采用统计学方法对不同品种牛乳中的营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成进行比较。[结果] 中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳脂含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳蛋白含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳钙含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳锌含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛。中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中豆蔻酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于荷斯坦奶牛,油酸和亚油酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中饱和脂肪酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于西门塔尔牛,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于西门塔尔牛。[结论] 中国荷斯坦奶牛乳中部分营养成分和矿物质元素含量接近或优于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛,脂肪酸含量和组成与荷斯坦奶牛相近,脂肪酸组成优于西门塔尔牛。  相似文献   

11.
对192头成年荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞数及乳房性状与泌乳性能的相关性进行研究,结果表明:乳中体细胞数较高,9月份达到最高水平;乳房性状评分偏低。体细胞数与月产奶量、月乳脂产量及月乳蛋白产量等性状有极显著负相关(p<0.01),与乳脂率和乳蛋白含量无显著相关关系(p>0.05);后乳房宽度与月产奶量、月乳脂产量及乳蛋白产量有极显著正相关(p<0.01)。  相似文献   

12.
选用15头泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛，研究糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙对泌乳中期的奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响。将试验牛分为3组，分别饲喂糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙（A组）、羟甲基蛋氨酸钙（B组）和对照组（C组）,A组和B组的添加量分别为400 g和20 g。试验结果表明：A组和B组产奶量比C组分别提高4.97%和3.99%，差异显著(P<0.05)；3组试验牛的采食量差异不显著(P>0.05)；A组和B组乳脂率比C组提高5.26%和3.99% (P<0.05)；3组试验牛乳蛋白率、非脂固形物、全脂固形物、乳糖都差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明，补饲糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙能增加产奶量，提高乳脂率含量，提高奶牛的养殖经济效益。  相似文献   

13.
The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait on production performance and blood biochemical indices in dairy cows.Forty eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to four groups with twelve individuals in each group.The control group was fed a TMR diet,groups N1 to N3 were fed the TMR diets supplemented with 150,300,450 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 1 week and the trial period lasted for 7 weeks.The results showed that compared with control group,the supplementation of 450 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly increased 4% FCM (P<0.05),the supplementation of 150 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly increased milk fat content (P<0.05).Dietary supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait had no effects on DMI,milk yield,milk protein,total solids (TS) and somatic cell counts (SCC) (P>0.05).Compared with control group,the supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly decreased blood TG content (P<0.05),and had no effects on other blood biochemical indices (P>0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait could improve milk quality and yield,and the lipid metabolism of dairy cows.  相似文献   

14.
试验旨在研究补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。选择48头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每个处理组12头奶牛,对照组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),N1、N2、N3组分别在饲喂TMR日粮的基础上补饲150、300、450 g/d女贞子。预试期1周,正试期7周。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲450 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛4%校正乳产量(P<0.05),补饲150 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛乳脂含量(P<0.05),而对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量及乳蛋白、总固形物含量和体细胞数均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,补饲女贞子可显著降低泌乳奶牛血液中甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),而对其他血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,补饲女贞子具有提高泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、改善机体脂类代谢的作用。  相似文献   

15.
牛奶体细胞数是反映奶牛乳房健康状况的重要指标之一,该指标偏高意味着奶牛可能处于亚健康或疾病状态。在奶牛正常生理状态下,牛奶体细胞的组成和数量都是基本稳定的,而当乳房外伤或疾病(如乳房炎等)发生时,牛奶体细胞数增多,产奶量降低,乳品质量下降。牛奶的品质关系到消费者的健康,因此,确保生鲜乳的质量安全是奶牛养殖工作者必须着手解决的首要问题。因此,本文围绕牛奶体细胞生成与产奶量和乳品质之间的关系展开综述,为提高乳品质量安全提供理论指导。  相似文献   

16.
[目的]探究江苏某牛场荷斯坦牛日产奶量和乳成分的影响因素。[方法]试验采集了该规模化牛场2018—2020年139 703条测定数据,并利用多因素方差模型对其进行系统的分析。[结果]不同胎次、测定季节、产犊季节、泌乳月对荷斯坦牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分、乳尿素氮均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。产奶量与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分均存在极显著负相关。[结论]综上结果,在生产中,应结合胎次、季节、产犊时间、泌乳等多种因素,灵活调整牛群结构、生产规划和饲养管理,以实现提高产奶量和乳品质的目的。  相似文献   

17.
线性模型对影响奶牛产奶性能的主要相关因素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用一般线性模型研究各种因素对奶牛产奶性能的影响。牛场、胎次和产犊季节对奶牛产奶量影响差异极显著(P0.01),随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛产奶量增加;夏季产犊的奶牛产奶量最低,冬季产犊的最高;体细胞计数对奶牛产奶量没有显著性影响(P0.05),但随着体细胞数的增加,产奶量下降。牛场、胎次和体细胞计数对乳脂率有极显著的影响(P0.01),第三牛场平均乳脂率为4.38%,显著高于其他三个牛场;随着胎次的增加,乳脂率有下降趋势;随体细胞数增加,乳脂率升高;产犊季节对奶牛乳脂率没有显著影响(P0.05)。牛场、产犊季节和体细胞数对乳蛋白率的影响极显著(P0.01),体细胞数增加,乳蛋白率升高;夏季和秋季产犊的奶牛乳蛋白率较高,春季和冬季较低;胎次对乳蛋白率没有显著影响(P0.05)。表型相关分析表明:SCC与产奶量呈显著负相关(r=-0.158,P0.05),SCS与产奶量相关性接近显著水平(r=-0.140,P=0.055)。SCC/SCS与乳脂率、乳蛋白率呈正相关,但未达到显著性水平(P0.05)。  相似文献   

18.
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of marine algae supplementation alone or in combination with a regular mineral supplement (rumen boluses) to improve the mineral status in organic dairy cattle and their effect on the milk mineral composition, milk production, composition (% of fat and protein) and quality (SCC). Thirty‐two Holstein Friesian lactating cows were randomly selected and assigned to the algae (A), boluses (B), algae+boluses (AB) and control group (C). For the algae groups (A, AB), a supplement composed of Sea Lettuce (80%), Japanese Wireweed (17.5%) and Furbelows (2.5%) was formulated to be given to the cows at the rate of 100 g/animal per day (A1) for the length of 4 weeks. In the second half of the experiment (weeks 5–8), the algae mixture was reformulated and the proportion of Furbelows was increased from 2.5% to 5.0% with a subsequent decrease of Lettuce to 77.5% (A2). In the boluses group (B), each cow received 2 boluses after calving. Blood (serum) and milk samples were collected at 2 and 4 week intervals, respectively, and analysed for trace element concentrations by ICP‐MS. Information related to the milk composition and SCC during a 305‐day lactation for each animal were obtained from the Dairy Records Management System. The supplementation with algae, boluses or the combination of both treatments showed a statistically significant effect on the iodine (algae), selenium (boluses) and cobalt (algae+boluses) status of the animals. In milk, treatments had a statistical significant increase on iodine, and a tendency to increase selenium concentrations. The assayed algae mixture combined with another source of selenium could be an effective tool to improve the mineral status in serum and milk.  相似文献   

19.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a gene complex closely linked to the vertebrate immune system due to its importance in antigen recognition and immune response to pathogens. To improve our understanding of the MHC and disease resistance in dairy cattle, we gathered 5119 test day records of somatic cell count (SCC) and performance traits of 262 Holstein dairy cows to determine whether the DRB region of the MHC contains alleles that are associated with elevated SCC, milk yield, protein and fat percent of milk. To this purpose, genotyping of animals for DRB3 gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay. A two‐step PCR was carried out so as to amplify a 284 base‐pair fragment of exon 2 of the target gene. Second PCR products were treated with three restriction endonuclease enzymes RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Twenty‐eight BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were identified including one novel allele (*40). The results in general are in good accordance with allele frequencies of Holstein cattle populations reported by previous studies. Analyses of associations were modeled based on repeated measurement anova and generalized logistic linear methods for production traits and SCC data, respectively. The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the elevated SCC reflecting an increased probability of occurrence to subclinical mastitis and DRB3.2 allele *8 (p < 0.03). The results also revealed significant positive relationships of alleles*22 (p < 0.01) and allele*11 (p < 0.05) with milk fat percent as well as of alleles*24 (p < 0.03) and *22 (p < 0.05) with protein percent. The present study failed to find any association between milk yield and tested alleles. Because of the lack of consistency among results of similar studies, we suggest further investigations to determine the precise nature of these associations with the high polymorphic bovine MHC region to be performed based on haplotypes.  相似文献   

20.
Genetic trends for Jersey dairy cattle in Zimbabwe were estimated. A total of 10,986 lactation records were obtained from Zimbabwe Livestock Identification Trust, with cows calving in the period 1996 to 2008. An ASReml program fitting an animal model was used for the analyses. The animal model that was used included overall mean, herd-year-season, previous calving interval, and days dry as fixed effects while linear and quadratic regression coefficients of age at calving as covariates. Random effects were cow, permanent environmental effects, and residual error. The pedigree file included 1,228 animals born from 1994 to 2005. The traits studied were milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percent, protein percent, and Log10SCC. Results indicated that milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield increased genetically (P?<?0.0001) on average by 1.420, 0.160, and 0.164?kg per year, respectively. Fat percent, protein percent, and Log10SCC declined over the past 12?years (P?<?0.0001) at the rate of ?0.021, ?0.015, and ?0.0002 per year, respectively. This was due to the negative correlation between milk composition and milk yield. The results implies that the selection applied in the last decade has achieved genetic progress and that there is genetic variance for continued improvement and for setting up an effective dairy breeding program in Zimbabwean Jersey herds for milk, fat, and protein production.  相似文献   

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