共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《农业环境与发展》2021,(5)
基于225个样点分析了贵州省不同地区(自然背景区、农业种植区和矿区)表层土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的含量、分布及累积特征,采用地积累指数(I_(geo))对土壤重金属污染水平进行评价,并根据潜在生态风险指数(RI)及人体健康风险评估模型评估了不同分区土壤重金属暴露的生态风险和人体健康风险水平。结果表明:贵州省不同分区表层土壤中重金属含量差异较大,与贵州省土壤背景值相比,农业种植区土壤Hg、Zn、Cd和As累积特征明显;矿区土壤Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb和As累积特征较显著,平均含量分别是贵州省土壤背景值的52.55、23.22、16.32、14.48倍和4.85倍。I_(geo)值显示自然背景区土壤重金属处于无污染水平,而农业种植区各重金属主要处于无污染或无-中污染水平,矿区污染程度较突出,重金属Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb达到中污染水平,特别是在黔西北和铜仁等矿产资源分布区。综合生态风险评价结果表明,矿区土壤中重金属生态风险水平远高于农业种植区和自然背景区,矿产资源集中分布区土壤重金属生态风险较高,部分样点达到高生态风险水平。单一重金属潜在生态风险评价结果显示,农业种植区和矿区土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb和As为主要风险因子,Cr和Cu处于低风险状态。人体健康风险评估结果显示,矿区的人体健康风险高于农业种植区,农业种植区和矿区土壤对成人的非致癌风险在可接受范围内,但致癌风险不可忽视,对儿童的非致癌风险与致癌风险均高于成人。 相似文献
2.
四平市城郊蔬菜地土壤重金属来源及环境风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤与作物》2017,(4)
以四平市城郊蔬菜地土壤为研究对象,研究了土壤中Pb、Cu、Cd、As和Hg 5种重金属的含量特征及潜在生态风险和健康风险,并对其来源进行了分析。结果表明:研究区Pb、Cu、Cd、As和Hg含量的平均值分别是背景值的1.32倍、2.38倍、2.52倍、1.59倍和2.72倍,在表层土壤中存在明显的富集。环境风险评价表明:研究区土壤重金属处于中等生态风险水平,其中Hg处于较高生态风险水平。健康风险评价模型对暴露人群经摄食途径引起的重金属健康风险评价表明研究区内居民不存在健康风险。主成分分析表明:Cu、Cd主要来自于农业生产;As与污水灌溉及含As农药的使用有关;Hg主要来源于煤炭燃烧;Pb主要来自于汽车尾气以及工业烟尘的大气沉降。Cu、Cd具有一定的同源性,pH值对Pb、Cd迁移转化的影响较强。 相似文献
3.
胶州湾属半封闭海湾,水体交换能力较弱,受多条河流入海影响,污染日趋加重,通过大沽河的径流量、输沙量和溶解污染物占到胶州湾入海河流的首位。根据区域特征,于2009年2、5、8、11月对大沽河湿地48个采样点表层沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、有机碳、粒度进行测定,探讨了重金属含量和污染特征与总有机碳、粒度的关系,利用污染评价法和潜在生态风险评价法进行污染和风险分析。结果表明：胶州湾大沽河湿地表层沉积物重金属含量较低,大部分测站符合海洋沉积物质量（GB 18668—2002）Ⅰ类标准的要求。表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn含量8月份最高、2月份次之、5月份最低。Pb、Hg、As 3种重金属含量在2月份最高。Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd重金属之间存在显著正相关关系,Hg与As存在明显的相关关系;除Cd和As外的4种重金属与沉积物粘土、有机碳含量之间也存在显著正相关性。重金属单因子污染程度总体较轻,属于低污染水平,污染程度依次为Hg〉Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉As〉Zn。大沽河河口区表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险总体处于较低水平,风险程度依次为Hg〉Cd〉Pb〉Cu〉As〉Zn。 相似文献
4.
采集草海湿地周边主要农作物可食部分及对应根系的土壤样品,分析测试了重金属Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,As和Zn的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中重金属污染水平及对重金属的富集能力。结果表明:土壤重金属元素Zn,As,Cr平均含量未超过贵州省土壤元素背景值,其他3种重金属Pb,Cd,Hg平均值分别是背景值的1.24,1.44,7.5倍;与中国《食品中污染物限量》标准相比,除Hg平均含量超标外,蔬菜中As,Cr,Zn,Cd和Pb平均含量处在可接受范围内。6种重金属的单因子污染指数的高低依次是Hg > Pb > Cd > As > Cr > Zn,葱和萝卜处于安全水平,其余农作物处于警戒线;不同种类作物中重金属富集特征差异较大,菠菜对As,Cd,Hg,Pb的富集系数比其余作物高,萝卜叶对Cr和Zn的富集能力较强,重金属Cr富集系数最低的是玉米,Zn和Hg富集系数最低的是萝卜根,Cd和Pb富集系数最低为马铃薯,As富集能力最低的为白菜。 相似文献
5.
长春市城区土壤重金属健康风险评价 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
为评价长春市城区表层土壤重金属人体健康风险,采集了352件表层土壤样品,测定了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Hg和Cd含量。统计分析、环境背景值法和地质累积指数法分析表明所监测的7种重金属元素均为健康风险因子。采用《污染场地风险评估技术导则》推荐健康风险模型对表层土壤进行了健康风险评价,结果表明:除Cd外,各元素经口摄入暴露是人体城市表层土壤重金属暴露的最主要途径,Cd主要通过吸入和经口摄入两种方式暴露;从各元素的总非致癌危害指数(HIn)来看,As的非致癌健康风险最高,其次依次为Cr、Pb、Cu、Hg、Cd和Zn;叠加后的总非致癌风险指数平均值为1.13,表明研究区表层土壤金属污染已对城市居民构成了潜在健康风险,As对总风险的贡献最大。叠加后的总致癌风险指数(CRT)平均值为6.25×10-5,处于安全值范围内,不会对当地居民的健康构成较大风险,但应加强防范,As污染是主要风险因子。 相似文献
6.
天门市土壤—水稻系统重金属迁移积累特征及其健康风险评估 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对天门市稻田土壤和稻米中Cd、Hg、Pb等3种重金属元素进行采样监测,参照湖北省水稻土背景值、国家土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准和国家食品卫生标准进行评价,分析土壤-水稻系统重金属迁移积累特征,并应用US EAP推荐的健康风险评价模型评估当地居民通过土壤-水稻-食物途径重金属暴露所致的健康风险。结果表明,土壤中重金属Cd、Hg、Pb的平均含量低于国家土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准,但Cd与Hg呈现出明显的累积现象,分别是湖北水稻土对应背景值的1.64和2.17倍。稻米中重金属的平均富集量符合国家食品卫生标准,其富集能力Cd>Hg>Pb;土壤pH值与稻米Cd的富集系数呈负相关、与Hg和Pb呈正相关。健康风险评估结果显示,化学致癌物Cd和非致癌物Hg、Pb的个人年风险值以及个人年总风险值均低于US EAP推荐的可接受风险水平(10-4a-1),对人体所致的健康风险是可接受的。在Cd、Hg、Pb 3种重金属污染物中,化学致癌物Cd的个人年均风险占个人年均总风险的99.94%,是产生健康风险的主要污染物,应作为风险决策监管的重点对象 相似文献
7.
《农业环境与发展》2021,(3)
为探明湖南锡矿山矿区周边土壤重金属污染程度及重金属在优势植物中的分布,通过野外调查,分析锡矿山地区土壤重金属的含量、来源、生态风险及重金属在优势植物中的富集和迁移情况。结果表明,锡矿山土壤中重金属Sb、Cd和Hg的平均值远超湖南省土壤背景值,超标率均达到100%。来源分析表明,Sb、Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb、As主要受人为活动的影响,但重金属污染来源不完全一致,存在复合污染。生态风险评价结果显示,Sb、Cd和Hg是锡矿山地区极高的生态风险因子,62.50%的样点具有极高生态风险。健康风险评价结果显示,经口摄入是土壤重金属暴露的主要途径,且儿童受到的非致癌和致癌风险均高于成人。Sb和As分别是主要的非致癌和致癌健康风险因子。苎麻对As、Sb的富集系数和转移系数值均大于1,且在重度污染地区的根系滞留率低于其他6种优势植物。研究表明,锡矿山地区存在较高程度的生态风险和健康风险,苎麻具有较高的修复矿区土壤重金属潜力,可作为锡矿山地区重金属污染的修复植物。 相似文献
8.
典型城市化地区蔬菜重金属的累积特征与健康风险研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
工业化和城市化带来的重金属污染对环境质量、食品安全、人体健康及社会经济可持续发展构成严重威胁和挑战。为了掌握典型城市化区域蔬菜生产的重金属污染特征与食用健康风险,从而为快速城市化区域的农业实践提供依据,本研究选取珠三角电镀、染织等工业密集典型城市化区域的蔬菜和土壤为研究对象,通过采集蔬菜和表层土壤样品,使用单因子污染评价和内梅罗综合污染指数法对蔬菜样品中Cd、Ni、Cr、As、Pb 5种重金属进行污染评价,使用目标危害商数法进行健康风险评价。研究发现,该地区菜地土壤存在Cd污染。研究区蔬菜中重金属的富集吸收能力为Cd > Ni > Cr > As > Pb,叶菜类对Cd的富集最多,豆角类对Ni的富集较多。单因子污染评价结果显示蔬菜中重金属超标率按大小排序为Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb=As,Ni、Cr和Cd超标率分别为10.53%、2.63%和1.32%,Pb和As均未超标;综合污染指数的评价显示叶菜类样品处于轻度污染水平,豆角类处于中度污染水平,瓜类尚未受到重金属污染。健康风险评价结果表明,叶菜类和豆角类的综合目标危害商数（TTHQ）均大于1,长期食用叶菜类和豆角类会对健康造成影响,成人和儿童的综合目标危害商数排序均为叶菜类 > 豆角类 > 瓜类,儿童摄食蔬菜的重金属健康风险高于成人。总体来说,研究区蔬菜重金属健康风险基本处于可接受范围,但叶菜类Cd和豆角类Ni造成的健康风险需引起重视。 相似文献
9.
【目的】为了解大同市城区公园表层土壤中重金属污染特征、健康风险和污染来源。【方法】于2021年4月在大同市7个公园共采集54个0～10 cm表层土壤样品,测定铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）含量,利用地累积污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和健康风险评价模型评价土壤重金属污染程度,并采用绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型解析重金属污染来源及其贡献率。【结果】大同市公园表层土壤中9种重金属含量均高于山西省A层土壤背景值。其中,所调查的公园土壤中As、Cd和Pb含量分别是土壤背景值的2.27、18.93和2.77倍。文瀛湖公园表层土壤重金属污染最严重,其次是御河公园,Cd是主要污染因子。Mn对成人和儿童造成的非致癌健康风险最大,其次是As和Cr;经呼吸吸入途径造成的非致癌健康风险高于经口摄入途径和皮肤接触途径。【结论】大同市各公园表层土壤中重金属对成人造成的非致癌健康风险指数均在可接受范围内,而对儿童造成的非致癌健康风险指数均远大于1.0,存在非致癌风险。Co对成人和儿童造成的致癌健康风险指数均大于1×10-4,存在致癌风险。... 相似文献
10.
《农业环境与发展》2016,(6)
本研究通过大田试验,在对大宝山矿区某农田蔬菜中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr分析测试的基础之上,运用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法对该农田蔬菜的重金属污染状况进行评价;同时应用健康风险评估模型对人群经食物链途径长期食用本地产蔬菜可能产生的健康风险进行评估,以期为蔬菜的安全生产以及人体健康提出合理的意见和建议。结果表明,农田土壤中重金属As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb的含量分别是国家土壤环境质量二级标准的0.875、0.900、0.373、2.863倍和0.305倍,可以看出这5种重金属中只有Cd的含量超过了国家土壤环境质量二级标准。蔬菜重金属污染结果表明,蔬菜综合污染指数P_综范围在0.412~3.339,均值为1.155,属于轻度污染。蔬菜单因子污染指数P_(As)范围在0.013~0.085,均值为0.030;P_(Hg)范围在0.000~0.154,均值为0.076;P_(Pb)的范围在0.105~1.255,均值为0.343;P_(Cd)范围在0.563~4.609,均值为1.536;P_(Cr)范围在0.008~0.360,均值为0.091;可以看出该蔬菜主要受到Cd污染。蔬菜重金属污染的健康风险评估结果表明:17种蔬菜整体而言,Risk总的平均值为3.50×10-5a~(-1),表示该批蔬菜品种重金属污染情况对人体健康存在一定的风险,但风险尚可接受;Risk_T为3.50×10~(-5)a~(-1),表明该批蔬菜品种中致癌重金属对人体健康存在一定的风险,但风险尚可接受,且在致癌风险中Risk_(Cd)Risk_(Cr)Risk_(As)Risk_(Pb);HI_T为4.89×10~(-10)a~(-1),则表明该批蔬菜品种中非致癌重金属污染对人体健康存在的风险甚微,且在非致癌风险中HI_(Pb)HI_(Hg)。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献