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10-羟基-2-癸烯酸是不饱和脂肪酸,主要由工蜂的上颚腺分泌,是蜂王浆中含有的特殊高效生物活性物质。本文采用高效液相色谱仪初步测定在长木蜂蜂粮中有10-羟基-2-癸烯酸存在;采用花粉液体培养法测定10-羟基-2-癸烯酸对长木蜂酿贮蜂粮所采集的紫藤、芍药和牡丹花粉萌发和花粉管生长均表现明显的抑制作用。其中10-HDA为156.25μg/mL的培养液上,对二月兰花粉的萌发抑制率达70%以上;在含有625μg/mL10-HDA的培养液上,对紫藤花粉的萌发抑制率达76%以上;在含有312.5μg/mL 10-HDA的培养液上,对芍药花粉的萌发抑制率接近70%。初步推断长木蜂蜂粮在贮酿过程中雌蜂分泌的10-HDA对花粉萌发有抑制作用。 相似文献
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为了评价本土幼虫寄生蜂对重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾的防控效果，本试验在室内条件下测定了管侧沟茧蜂对不同龄期的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的寄生效果。结果表明，管侧沟茧蜂寄生4日龄和6日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的结茧率分别为64.97%和87.01%，显著高于寄生8日龄幼虫的结茧率24.88%；不同日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫被管侧沟茧蜂寄生后其死亡率有显著差异，4日龄和6日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫死亡率较低，分别为19.01%和12.99%，8日龄幼虫死亡率最高（62.99%）；管侧沟茧蜂寄生4日龄、6日龄、8日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫后其子代幼虫发育历期分别为8.98、7.71和9.07 d，寄生6日龄幼虫子代幼虫发育历期明显缩短；寄生不同日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的子代蜂茧畸形率均较高，且处理间有明显差异。本研究结果为田间利用管侧沟茧蜂有效防治草地贪夜蛾提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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前裂长管茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)是桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)及多种其他实蝇害虫幼虫期重要的天敌寄生蜂。本文研究了该蜂低温储存的适宜虫期、温度和时间条件。结果表明,在5℃条件下12日龄的前裂长管茧蜂受低温影响最小,储存3 d后羽化率达94.67%,与对照的95.33%无显著差异;储存6 d后蜂蛹羽化率下降到70.00%,低于对照但高于其他日龄。相同日龄的前裂长管茧蜂随着储存时间的延长,其羽化率逐渐降低,甚至不羽化。为进一步研究冷存对前裂长管茧蜂品质的影响,以储存温度(2、5、8、11和14℃)和储存时间(3、6、9和12 d)为参试因子,对12日龄前裂长管茧蜂冷藏后的羽化率、繁殖子代数、繁殖子代雌蜂数、子代性比、雌蜂寿命、发育历期以及种群趋势指数进行综合分析。结果表明:12日龄的前裂长管茧蜂在8℃下储存3 d,其种群趋势指数为29.32;14℃下储存6 d和9 d的种群趋势指数分别为32.85和27.04,均高于对照的25.16。因此上述组合是前裂长管茧蜂蛹低温储存的适宜条件。 相似文献
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夜蛾黑卵蜂Telenomus remus Nixon是夜蛾科害虫的重要卵期寄生性天敌,可用于草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的生物防治。为了提高夜蛾黑卵蜂规模化繁育的生产效率,本文研究了利用斜纹夜蛾S. litura繁育夜蛾黑卵蜂时寄主卵龄、寄主产卵时间和蜂卵比对夜蛾黑卵蜂寄生率和羽化率的影响。结果表明：斜纹夜蛾卵龄对夜蛾黑卵蜂羽化率有显著影响,卵龄为1日龄时羽化率高达90.81%,显著高于2日龄和3日龄的斜纹夜蛾卵;夜蛾黑卵蜂对产卵时间在1~7 d内的斜纹夜蛾卵具有较高的寄生效率,寄生率均在97.5%以上,羽化率均在82%以上,显著高于7 d后产的卵;当蜂卵比为1：30和1：50时,寄生率和羽化率最高,分别可达到99%和80%以上,均显著高于1：70和1：100的处理。研究结果显示,选用斜纹夜蛾成虫羽化后前7 d产的1日龄卵,蜂卵比为1：50繁育夜蛾黑卵蜂生产效率最佳。 相似文献
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为评估淡足侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾的防控效果,在室内环境条件下,研究了草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄主日龄和所取食食物对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生效果的影响。结果表明,无论草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食人工饲料或玉米叶片,淡足侧沟茧蜂对3日龄和5日龄寄主幼虫的寄生率、结茧率、出蜂率及对寄主致死率均显著高于8日龄寄主。另外,在同日龄情况下,淡足侧沟茧蜂对取食玉米寄主的寄生率、结茧率以及子代出蜂率均高于寄生于取食人工饲料的幼虫上的相关指标。寄主取食不同食物会影响淡足侧沟茧蜂的寄生效果,且淡足侧沟茧蜂对5日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生效果较好。本结果可为室内条件下利用草地贪夜蛾幼虫扩繁淡足侧沟茧蜂,以及应用淡足侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾进行田间防控提供理论依据。 相似文献
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黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen是浆果类水果的果实害虫之一，对葡萄果实为害严重。毛锤角细蜂Trichopria drosophilae是黑腹果蝇的蛹寄生蜂之一。本文在温度26℃、相对湿度50%、光周期14L：10D的室内条件下，研究了毛锤角细蜂对不同日龄黑腹果蝇蛹的选择性。结果表明：毛锤角细蜂可寄生黑腹果蝇各日龄的蛹，但偏爱寄生预蛹。在寄主预蛹时，毛锤角细蜂的出蜂量、寄生率和选择系数分别为14.00头、35%和0.13，均显著高于1～3日龄蛹；不同日龄的黑腹果蝇蛹对毛锤角细蜂后代发育历期和雌蜂比没有显著影响。综上所述，黑腹果蝇的预蛹是毛锤角细蜂寄生的最佳时期。以黑腹果蝇为寄主时，研究毛锤角细蜂的寄生规律对于黑腹果蝇及其他果蝇的生物防治具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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前裂长管茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)是许多双翅目实蝇类害虫的重要寄生性天敌。在实验室条件下,以桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)为繁育寄主,系统观测了前裂长管茧蜂个体发育过程中各虫态的特征及其相应的发育历期。观察结果表明,前裂长管茧蜂整个生活史由卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫四个阶段组成。其幼虫可划分为四个龄期,一龄幼虫具几质丁的坚硬头壳和镰刀状的颚,形态特征与行为习性与二、三、四龄幼虫完全不同。前裂长管茧蜂约需20天完成世代发育。卵、一龄幼虫、二龄幼虫、三龄幼虫及四龄幼虫的历期依次为1.91、2.02、1.75、2.04和2.31d;蛹的历期介于8~10d,雌性个体发育时间长于雄性。前裂长管茧蜂通常比未被寄生的寄主迟3~5d羽化,雌、雄蜂在羽化后即能交配、产卵,被寄生的桔小实蝇幼虫体表上会留下明显的深褐色产卵孔,寄主化蛹后产卵孔仍保留在其蛹壳上。 相似文献
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中红侧沟茧蜂成虫日龄及粘虫幼虫龄期对寄生效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
室内研究了不同日龄中红侧沟茧蜂成虫对粘虫幼虫龄期的选择、寄主被寄生时的龄期对寄生蜂幼期发育历期和茧重的影响。结果表明：当寄主1～5龄幼虫同时存在时，该蜂可以寄生1—4龄幼虫，不寄生5龄；偏爱寄生2龄和3龄幼虫；对1、2、3和4龄幼虫的选择系数分别为0．21、0．31、0．27和0．21；寄主幼虫供寄生后，其寄生率随寄主幼虫供寄生时的龄期增大而下降。寄生于4龄寄主幼虫的蜂，其卵至结茧的历期显著长于寄生于2或3龄寄主幼虫的蜂；寄生4龄寄主幼虫所育出的蜂茧明显重于寄生于2或3龄寄主幼虫所育出的蜂茧。雌蜂日龄增加，寄生能力下降；但雌蜂日龄对寄生蜂子代卵至结茧的历期和茧重没有影响。 相似文献
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转cry1F基因玉米花粉对腰带长体茧蜂存活和繁殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
腰带长体茧蜂（Macrocentrus cingulum）是亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）幼虫的主要寄生蜂,对亚洲玉米螟种群具有重要的控制作用。玉米花粉可以作为腰带长体茧蜂的补充营养。本研究利用转cry1F基因抗虫玉米花粉作为补充食物饲喂腰带长体茧蜂寄生亚洲玉米螟幼虫,研究其对腰带长体茧蜂存活和繁殖的影响,为转基因抗虫玉米的环境安全评价提供科学依据。结果表明,饲喂转cry1F基因抗虫玉米花粉后腰带长体茧蜂的寄生率、茧块重量、每茧块茧数、羽化率与饲喂对照玉米花粉相比无显著差异;在蜂蜜水+ Bt玉米花粉处理中虽然与对照玉米花粉处理相比雌蜂的寿命并没有显著差异,但雄蜂的寿命差异显著;在取食转cry1F基因抗虫玉米花粉的腰带长体茧蜂体内未检测到Bt蛋白成分。说明转cry1F基因抗虫玉米花粉对腰带长体茧蜂的存活和繁殖没有显著影响。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Previous work has characterised pyrethroid resistance in pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) as principally an oxidative mechanism. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) can synergise this resistance in the field, but its effects on the honey bee are thought to be unacceptable. RESULTS: A field trial in Poland was conducted to show that a mixture of PBO and tau‐fluvalinate at the registered rate gave increased and longer‐lasting control of resistant pollen beetle. Four days after spraying with tau‐fluvalinate, only 20% of pollen beetles were controlled, compared with 70% if the tau‐fluvalinate/PBO mixture was used. No detriment to honey bee health was observed using the same mixture. CONCLUSIONS: PBO, if used in conjunction with a pyrethroid of relatively low bee toxicity, can successfully overcome pyrethroid resistance in pollen beetle without incurring an increased loss of honey bees, even if they are present at the time of spraying. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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在室内分别用油菜鲜花粉fresh pollen of rape、玉米花粉pollen of maize、大麻花粉pollen of hemp、油菜蜂花粉bee pollen from rape及玉米蜂花粉bee pollen from maize饲养大灰食蚜蝇成虫,表明大灰食蚜蝇的产卵量、孵化率、产卵前期、产卵期及成虫寿命均受花粉种类及其新鲜程度的影响。用玉米花粉、油菜蜂花粉和玉米蜂花粉饲养产卵量均显著高于大麻花粉,用油菜蜂花粉饲养产卵前期最短,用油菜鲜花粉饲养能明显延长产卵期及成虫寿命。 相似文献
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De Clercq P Bonte M Van Speybroeck K Bolckmans K Deforce K 《Pest management science》2005,61(11):1129-1132
Due to growing criticism over the use of non-indigenous coccinellids, the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (L.), has enjoyed increasing attention for aphid biocontrol in Europe. In the current study, eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, whether or not supplemented with bee pollen, were evaluated as a factitious food for larvae and adults of A. bipunctata. The predator showed slower larval development and lower survival when reared on live pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), than on E. kuehniella eggs. Survival on gamma-irradiated eggs of E. kuehniella was superior to that on frozen flour moth eggs, but other developmental characteristics were similar. Adults of A. bipunctata reared on Ac. pisum were only half as fecund as those offered irradiated or frozen E. kuehniella eggs, but egg hatch was markedly better on live aphids than on flour moth eggs (61 versus 20-27%, respectively). However, when a diet of flour moth eggs was supplemented with frozen moist bee pollen, egg hatch of A. bipunctata was equally as good as on live aphids. Supplementing flour moth eggs with dry pollen did not yield satisfactory results. Only 10% of larvae reached adulthood on moist bee pollen alone and resulting adults weighed less than half as much as those obtained on flour moth eggs. Our findings indicate that A. bipunctata is able to compensate for a suboptimal diet of animal prey by supplementary feeding on flower pollen. It is concluded that pollinivory may be a crucial trait for both the rearing of this natural enemy and its use in biological control programmes. 相似文献
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Blossom blight, caused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become an important disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in seed production areas of western Canada. Studies using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy
revealed that pollen grains of alfalfa are susceptible to infection byS. sclerotiorum. Ascospores ofS. sclerotiorum germinated readily in water with or without pollen grains. Examinations of ascospore—pollen mixtures incubated at room temperature
(20–22°C) for 5 days revealed that numerous pollen grains were infected byS. sclerotiorum by direct hyphal penetration through the equatorial germinative pores or through the exine and intine layers of the pollen
wall without the formation of infection cushions or appressoria. After penetration, hyphae ramified within the pollen grains,
causing plasmolysis of the cytoplasmic membrane and eventual disintegration of the pollen cytoplasm. The study suggests that
alfalfa pollen may play a role in the epidemiology of blossom blight in alfalfa. 相似文献
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At a time of increasing demand for rapeseed oil for biofuel and food use and as increasing areas are grown, the risk of pollen beetle resistance to pyrethroids presents a significant threat to the sustainability of the oilseed rape crop and to farm incomes. Measures are urgently required to reduce the use of insecticides against pollen beetles, to preserve activity of the limited armoury of insecticides and minimise environmental pollution. In this paper, the status of pollen beetle resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and current control methods are presented from a UK perspective. Three ecological approaches to the control of pollen beetles that are based on research into their behaviour and ecology and that of their natural enemies are highlighted: use of monitoring, trap cropping and conservation biological control. These approaches have the potential to significantly reduce insecticide use against pollen beetles by helping to identify when spray thresholds have been breached, reducing pest incidence in the crop and increasing populations of natural enemies, respectively. 相似文献
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花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在凤仙花的Impulse Orange和Cajun Carmine品种上开展了花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响。结果表明:在植物未开花前,添加花粉和不添加花粉西花蓟马的种群数量差异显著,添加花粉能显著增加两个品种上西花蓟马的种群数量,其西花蓟马数量分别为174.50、43.67头,而未添加花粉时分别为138.33头和27.00头。在植物开花后,添加花粉对西花蓟马的种群数量虽有一定影响,但差异不显著。植物不同生长发育阶段对西花蓟马的种群数量影响很大,无论是添加花粉还是不添加花粉,在两个品种上均表现为开花后的数量显著大于开花前的数量,说明凤仙花植物本身的花对西花蓟马种群的迅速增长影响很大。 相似文献
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Many pollen grains from Chenopodium quinoa plants infected with sowhane mosaic sobemovirus (SMV) were collapsed, grooved and had sunken opercula, whereas those from the first flowers of virus-free plants were smooth, rounded and with protuberant opercula. However, pollen grains from later flowers of virus-free plants were similar in appearance to those from the virus-infected plants. Similar but less obvious symptoms were found in pollen of Plantago lanccoiata infected with either ribgrass mosaic tobamovirus or broad bean wilt virus. No symptoms were found in pollen of Hordeum vulgare cv. clipper, H. sponiaitcum or Triticum acstivum infected with barley suripe mosaic hordeivirus, nor in pollen of a Cardaminc sp. naturally infected with a strain of turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus. The symptoms, even those shown by pollen from SMV-infected C quinoa, seemed not to be sufficiently characteristic for diagnosis of virus infection. 相似文献
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研究了腐食酪螨Tyrophagus putrescentiae及添加玉米蜂花粉和苹果花粉饲养对微小花蝽Orius minutus生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,腐食酪螨分别添加玉米蜂花粉与苹果花粉饲养时,微小花蝽若虫发育历期分别为13.26和13.66 d,均显著短于单食腐食酪螨时的14.44 d; 3、4、5龄若虫存活率分别为0.8593、0.8690、0.9052与0.8476、0.8524、0.8846,均显著高于单食腐食酪螨时的0.8124、0.8153、0.8300;雌、雄成虫寿命分别为15.97、13.96 d与15.42、13.07 d,均显著长于单食腐食酪螨时的13.87、11.57 d。以腐食酪螨添加玉米蜂花粉饲养时产卵前期为3.08 d,显著短于单食腐食酪螨时的3.86 d;单雌平均产卵量、内禀增长率rm和种群趋势指数I均以腐食酪螨添加玉米蜂花粉饲养时最大,分别为52.17粒、0.0647和7.75,以单食腐食酪螨时最小,分别为40.21粒、0.0533和5.22。腐食酪螨添加玉米蜂花粉可用于微小花蝽大量繁育的饲料。 相似文献
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YANG Zhenjing ZHANG Yun REN Haibao YAN Shun KONG Zhaochen MA Keping NI Jian 《干旱区科学》2016,8(5):799-810
To provide information on vegetation patterns and altitudinal distributions of pollen assemblage in surface soil layers,their complicated relationships in a dryland mountain-basin system in northwestern China and a realistic basis for paleovegetational reconstruction,we investigated 86 vegetation quadrats and analyzed 80 soil samples from the surface soil layers along an altitudinal transect on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains from alpine cushion vegetation at 3,510 m near glacier to desert vegetation at 460 m in the Gurbantunggut Desert.According to surface pollen assemblages and the results of the detrended correspondence analysis,the transect can be divided into six major altitudinal pollen zones as alpine cushion vegetation,alpine and subalpine meadows,montane Picea forest,forest-steppe ecotone,Artemisia desert and typical desert,which basically reflect the characteristics of the mountainous vegetation patterns on the north slope of the Middle Tianshan Mountains.However,Picea pollen also exists outside the spruce forest,Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia pollen appeared above the elevation of 1,300 m,indicating that most of them might be introduced from lower elevations by upslope winds.Airborne pollen researches from three regions at different elevations further suggest that a high-frequency northwest anabatic wind has a remarkable influence on the transportation and dispersion of surface pollen in the area. 相似文献