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1.
紫贻贝和厚壳贻贝杂交及F1代杂交优势初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2005年-2007年对紫贻贝和厚壳贻贝种间进行了杂交生产性试验,通过亲贝强化培育、确认雌雄亲贝、改革育苗水体交换方法、投喂混合单细胞藻类、流水培养附着稚贝等技术,获得F1代。结果表明,各试验组生长特性,正交F1代﹥紫贻贝﹥厚壳贻贝﹥反交F1代。其中正交F1代获附着稚贝3.77亿粒,平均壳长为1.13 mm、平均壳高为0.78 mm,育苗成活率达35.57%。正交F1除在孵化率上低于紫贻贝、厚壳贻贝外,在壳长、壳高、成活率等方面指标具有一定杂交优势,而反交F1代的杂交优势不明显。 相似文献
2.
厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)是我国贻贝的主要养殖品种,其苗种主要依靠天然苗种和半人工采苗获得。2006年浙江海洋学院于嵊泗县石柱育苗厂,首次突破了厚壳贻贝规模化全人工繁殖和稚贝海区中间培育技术。研究结果表明,厚壳贻贝亲贝通过室内强化培养,经人工催产可获得成熟受精卵,受精率可达95%。在水温16℃时,受精卵在受精后25min出现第一极体,受精后39h50min发育至直线绞合幼虫期,胚胎孵化率达92%,在水温15.8～21℃的条件下,经39d室内人工培育,获平均壳长0.694mm的附着稚贝1304.7×104ind;附着稚贝经102d海区中间培育,获平均壳长13.95mm的稚贝404.46×104ind,海区保苗成活率达31%。该研究结果为今后厚壳贻贝大规模苗种生产奠定了重要理论和技术基础。 相似文献
3.
运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对2种贻贝(厚壳贻贝、紫贻贝)稚贝及通过人工培育所得的二者的杂交后代稚贝同工酶表达状况进行分析.结果显示,所检测5种酶(SOD、MDH、ME、ATP、ADH)在上述3种贻贝中的表达极为相似,MDH在3种贻贝中除r迁移率相同的条带外,在紫贻贝中表达出迁移率较小、表达较弱的条带;SOD和ATP仅在厚壳贻贝中表达出比另外2种多1条迁移率最大的条带,ME则表现为紫贻贝少1条中间的条带,ADH在杂交贻贝和紫贻贝中表达完全相同,厚壳贻贝虽也表现为3条酶带,但迁移率明显不同.试验结果说明,厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝具有较近的亲缘关系,其杂交后代与二者均有一定的相似性,这与传统的分类方法所得的结论相一致. 相似文献
4.
硅烷化表面海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨厚壳贻贝稚贝对自然微生物膜中海洋细菌的附着行为反应,本论文研究了厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）稚贝附着与硅烷基化附着基表面、微生物膜密度以及细菌种属系统发育之间的相互关系。研究表明所测海洋细菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;其中Staphylococcus sp. 1和Cobetia sp. 1表现出较低诱导活性,且这两株细菌形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间无显著相关性;其他7株海洋细菌均表现出中等程度诱导活性,且所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间呈显著相关性。系统发育分析表明所测海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,硅烷基化表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝附着有着显著性促进作用,本研究将为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
中湿度表面的海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为研究自然微生物膜中海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响,通过海洋贝类生物学、分子微生物生态学等手段调查附着基表面湿度、微生物膜的密度以及细菌种属系统发育与厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝附着关系。结果表明,所有测试海洋细菌形成微生物膜的最终密度随初始密度的增加而增加。所测海洋细菌均能不同程度地诱导厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,其中Cobetia sp.3形成的微生物膜显示出最高诱导活性,其诱导的稚贝附着率为(70%±3%);Nautella sp.2、Pseudoalteromonas sp.9、Pseudoalteromonas sp.10、Bacillus sp.5和Pseudoalteromonas sp.11等5株细菌表现中等程度的诱导活性,其诱导的附着率范围为51%~60%。所有测试菌株所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着均呈显著相关,尤其是Pseudoalteromonas sp.9和Cobetia sp.3诱导活性与附着率相关性极强,其相关性系数分别为0.774 1和0.723 3。系统发育分析结果表明,微生物膜密度和厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着率显著相关,然而海洋细菌诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,中湿度表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝的附着有着明显的促进作用,本研究为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为探讨存在于人工鱼礁表面的海洋细菌与贝类附着之间的互作关系,本研究从自然海域中的人工鱼礁表面上分离了9株海洋细菌,并分别构建单一细菌生物被膜,探索不同细菌种属形成的生物被膜特性与厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝附着之间的关系。结果显示,9株人工鱼礁表面细菌形成的生物被膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性存在显著差异,其中,Mesoflavibacter sp.2对稚贝附着的诱导活性最高,Phaeobacter sp.2的诱导活性最低。Sutcliffiella sp.1和Jeotgalibacillus sp.1的细菌密度与诱导活性呈显著正相关,Cytobacillus sp.1和Phaeobacter sp.2的细菌密度与诱导活性呈显著负相关。通过比较分析Mesoflavibacter sp.2和Phaeobacter sp.2生物被膜的蛋白质及多糖含量发现,生物被膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与多糖含量呈显著负相关,与蛋白质含量呈正相关。本研究初步探索了人工鱼礁表面细菌形成的生物被膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响,为后续在自然海区进一步解析人工鱼礁表面生物被膜与海洋无脊椎动物附着的互作关系具有重要理论研究意义,同时,对于人工鱼礁表面海洋生物附着机制的研究具有重要的实践价值。 相似文献
7.
不同来源海洋弧菌微生物被膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨广泛存在于近海环境中海洋弧菌和贝类附着的相互作用关系,实验从自然微生物被膜和厚壳贻贝成体肠道内分离了海洋弧菌,测定其种属及亲缘性,调查了这些不同来源弧菌形成的微生物被膜与厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的调控作用。结果显示,测试弧菌形成的微生物被膜密度随着初始细菌密度的增加呈现不同程度的增加。源于自然微生物被膜和贻贝肠道内的10株弧菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,不同菌株形成微生物被膜的诱导活性存在显著差异,附着率变化范围为17%~67%,其中稚贝在Vibrio sp.17微生物被膜上的附着率为67%±2%。微生物被膜对稚贝附着诱导活性与被膜密度呈显著相关性,其中弧菌V.crassostreae ECSMB14106的相关性系数最高,为0.8992。此外,微生物被膜的诱导活性与弧菌的来源无关。本实验初步探明了海洋弧菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响,有助于进一步理解微生物被膜调控厚壳贻贝的附着分子机理。 相似文献
8.
探讨低温(4 ℃)条件下的厚壳贻贝早期幼虫保存可能性,同时调查了不同培育密度对低温保存的影响。在正常条件下,继续培育低温保存后的幼虫,并调查其存活率和生长的变化。 结果表明,在低温保存后,早期幼虫存活率较高,超过95%;厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的壳长和壳高出现显著性的增长。不同培育组间,培育密度对厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的存活和生长影响不同,表明密度是幼虫低温保存的一个重要因素。在正常培育条件下,低温保存后的幼虫,3周后其存活率明显低于对照组,但仍超过50%,且其生长速度明显高于对照组。因此,低温培育是保存厚壳贻贝早期幼虫的有效方法,可用于今后贝类幼虫生物学实验和人工育苗技术的改善研究。 相似文献
9.
翡翠贻贝(Pera virid is Linnaeus)是瓣鳃纲动物，隶属贻贝目(Mytiloida)贻贝科(Mytilidae)。贝壳较大、较长，壳质比厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus Goyil)薄，比紫贻贝(M.galloprovincialis Lamarck)厚。壳表为翠绿色，尤以边缘部最鲜艳，壳里为瓷白色。本种为热带和亚热带种，垂直分布于低潮线至水深17米左右，但以水深5—6米处生长最密。 相似文献
10.
培养基对微生物被膜形成和厚壳贻贝附着的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨微生物被膜生物学特性、培养基以及大型生物附着三者之间的相互关系,本实验通过微生物分子生态学和海洋贝类生态学等方法调查了不同培养基对海洋细菌所形成微生物被膜的影响及其对厚壳贻贝幼虫附着的影响。结果显示,厚壳贻贝稚贝率与培养基类型和细菌初始密度显著相关,进一步分析表明,Zo Bell 2216E和Seawater Luriabertani(SWLB)条件下分别有6株和9株细菌形成的微生物被膜密度与稚贝率显著相关。扫描电镜结果显示,Staphylococcus sp.3在Zo Bell 2216E培养基条件下形成微生物被膜的细菌分布较为紧密,Pseudoalteromonas sp.8则在SWLB培养基条件下微生物被膜细菌分布较为紧密,且形态变为短杆状。SDS-PAGE结果显示,相比Zo Bell 2216E培养基,Staphylococcus sp.3在SWLB培养基条件下9条条带蛋白显著下降,其中2个条带完全消失;Pseudoalteromonas sp.8则在SWLB培养基条件下明显增加5条蛋白条带。研究表明,微生物被膜的形成受到培养基的影响,培养基的不同导致微生物被膜的形态结构、分布和蛋白有所差异,最终导致微生物被膜诱导厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态的活性差异,本研究为后续开展厚壳贻贝附着的分子机制奠定良好基础。 相似文献
11.
Bastien Malgrange Michael Snow Ian M. Davies 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(1):111-121
Mussel aquaculture is a growing industry in Scotland, dominated by the production of Mytilus edulis. However, Mytilus trossulus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and their hybrids with M. edulis have recently been detected in Scotland. At some farms, M. trossulus have been associated with significant losses in production because of presenting low meat yields and fragile shells. In the present study, M. edulis, M. trossulus, and their hybrids were examined from three cultivation areas in order to investigate shell and meat characteristics and advise on future management of mixed‐species areas in Scotland. Results suggest that M. edulis is likely to consistently outperform M. trossulus and hybrids in mixed‐species areas, but that M. trossulus meat yields from different areas can vary considerably. The ability to classify mussels into two (M. edulis and non‐edulis) groups suggests that separation of M. trossulus genotypes could potentially be achieved by grading the harvested mussels. In the most affected areas, however, the fallowing of cultivation sites and importation of unispecific M. edulis spat appear as an alternative. Management of this problem in Scotland is likely to involve the implementation of area‐specific measures, and the establishment of clear guidance on good practice aiming at preventing further distribution of M. trossulus. 相似文献
12.
Laboratory‐produced juvenile individuals of the species Mytilus chilensis, M. galloprovincialis and their hybrids were subjected to physiological measurements under an experimental diet of Isochrysis galbana (30 × 106 cells L?1), 13°C temperature and a salinity of 30 psu. Pure species individuals showed a higher clearance rate (CR). Mytilus chilensis had a CR of 1.13 L h?1, while M. galloprovincialis registered only 0.78 L h?1. Also, pure taxa registered higher values (above 70%) of absorption efficiency when compared with hybrid individuals. Ammonia excretion in M. chilensis and M. galloprovincialis was 1.5% and 0.4%, respectively, while hybrids registered significantly lower values. Under these experimental conditions, M. chilensis registered the highest scope for growth (P < 0.05), compared with M. galloprovincialis and their hybrids. However, the net growth efficiency index (K 2) in hybridization type I (♀Mg × ♂Mc) was higher (P < 0.05) than other experimental groups. The invasive mytilid M. galloprovincialis showed values that are very similar to those obtained with the hybridization I group (♀Mg × ♂Mc). Finally, we discuss that water temperature is an important factor in the biogeographic separation of both species and the potential effects that the settlement of the invasive species may have for Chilean mussel production. 相似文献
13.
Mussel aquaculture is widely prevalent worldwide, but generally relies on natural seed collection, which does not always meet the needs of the producers. Thus, development of mussel hatcheries is of economic interest in some parts of the world, such as Europe; it provides opportunities not only on annual reliability of seed but also on genetic improvements. To broaden knowledge on mussel larval physiology, we carried out temperature treatments (17, 20 and 24 °C) on Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae under laboratory conditions. The trials ended when 30% of the larval population was in the post‐larval stage. The temperature coefficient Q10 indicated a strong relationship between temperature and increase in growth from 17 to 20 °C, but not between 20 and 24 °C. Exposure of M. galloprovincialis larvae to 17 °C resulted in poor growth, low survival and a delayed development and was considered to be inadequate for M. galloprovincialis larval culture. Rearing the larvae at 20 or 24 °C produced better growth, higher survival rates and faster metamorphosis as compared with 17 °C. The temperature region within 20 and 24 °C was suggested as adequate for the mussel M. galloprovincialis larval culture, and implications of these results on the development of commercial hatcheries were discussed. 相似文献
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15.
对不同贮藏温度下紫贻贝磷脂含量及其组分的变化情况进行了研究。在30℃、4℃、-10℃、-20℃分别贮藏贻贝,随着温度的上升,磷脂含量的下降速度加快。对贮藏3d后的贻贝磷脂进行组分分析,磷脂各组分的相对百分比都发生了变化,并且随温度的升高PC的降解速度大大加快,所占的百分比快速下降,而LPC的比例有不同程度的增加。 相似文献
16.
厚壳贻贝剥半壳装置的设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前通常采用热加工方法获取贻贝肉,但该方法不能获得新鲜的贻贝肉。为了获取新鲜的带半壳的贻贝肉,首先针对贻贝的生物学特性,采用统计分析的方法确定厚壳贻贝后闭壳肌痕面积、壳长的基本参数,通过力学实验确定拉断后闭壳肌柱所需要力的大小相关参数,从而研制出一种厚壳贻贝剥半壳装置。该装置由工作台、支撑臂、气压缸、开壳刀具、真空吸盘、贻贝固定台及传送带组成。通过有限元分析确定最佳开壳刀具刃口宽度为9 mm,对开壳刀具施加作用力为900 N。该装置能有效提高厚壳贻贝开壳效率,降低人工劳动强度,满足加工企业的需求。 相似文献
17.
18.
贻贝雌性生殖系统的组织学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从组织学方面研究了贻贝雌性生殖系统的构造。卵巢壁薄、由外膜和内生殖上皮构成。外膜主要由结缔组绢,意志支上皮和薄层肌肉构成。由其产生的许多延伸物伸入卵巢中把卵巢分成一个个不规则小区。内生死上皮不断增殖平生生殖带,其中含卵原细胞阁阶段雌性生殖细胞和滤泡细胞。卵原细胞较小,核圆形,核仁不明显。初级卵母细胞体积增加,核呈生发泡状,核仁１个,明显。次级卵母细胞卵圆形、细胞体积更大,核仁１个,十分明显。当卵母 相似文献
19.
《水生生物资源》1999,12(5):343-350
Haemocytes of Mytilus edulis, allowed to attach to the plastic surface of a tissue culture plate in the presence of haemolymph, were observed by time-lapse video recording. When bacteria were added at concentrations of 10 or 50 bacteria per haemocyte, certain bacterial strains caused rounding of the cells within 2–3 h. Haemolymph was necessary for the rounding to occur; if bacteria were added in sterile seawater there was no significant difference in the number of rounded cells between control and bacteria-treated cultures for up to 4 h. The haemolymph factor required for this activity was active at 1/64 dilution in seawater, was sensitive to trypsin treatment, and activity was halved on heating at 56 or 100 °C for 30 min. For the most toxic bacteria tested, Vibrio alginolyticus NCMB 1339 and Vibrio anguillarum A7, haemocyte cell rounding appeared to be induced by a very small number of bacterial cells. Bacteria-free culture supernatant of V. anguillarum 2981 induced rounding of haemocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with 50 % of cells being rounded at a dilution of approximately 1/500 of the culture supernatant. In a survey of 226 bacterial isolates, those isolated from incidents of disease in a bivalve hatchery were significantly more toxic towards haemocytes than bacteria isolated from hatcheries without disease or from turbot hatcheries. 相似文献
20.
紫贻贝SOD和POD同工酶的组织特异性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳对紫贻贝的鳃、性腺、外套膜、足、闭壳肌等5种组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)进行了检测分析。结果表明,SOD在各组织器官中均表达,共表现为5条酶带,酶带a和b在上述五种组织中均出现,酶带c在除鳃以外的其他4个组织中有表达,酶带d则在除外套膜以外的4个组织中表达,酶带e仅在性腺中存在,所有上述酶带在性腺和鳃中活性相对较强;POD在不同组织中表达各不相同,酶带a仅在外套膜中存在,酶带b存在于除外套膜外的4个组织中,酶带c在性腺、闭壳肌和外套膜中表达。从检测结果来看,SOD和POD在紫贻贝体内的表达有一定的组织特异性,这种特异性不仅与各组织的不同生理分工相关,而且也与机体对自身基因表达进行调控相联系。 相似文献