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1.
湿地松的造林密度研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在中、北亚热带丘岗地区营造湿地松工业用材林或湿地松材、脂兼用林、造林密度以１６６７株／ｈｍ＾２为宜,部分较优立地或高规格整地的地区可考虑１３３３株／ｈｍ＾２,部分较产地可考虑２０００株／ｈｍ＾２。植穴配置宜采用适当宽行窄株配置,株行距以１．５ｍ￣１．８ｍ为宜,首次间伐宜在１０￣１２ａ进行。 相似文献
2.
通过搜集有关资料和标准地调查材料，运用数量化理论、聚类分析等数学手段，结合林业生产现状，将该区刺槐用材林划分为３个经营类型：甲类型，轮伐期２０年，培育目标为胸径大于１２ｃｍ、树高大于１０ｍ的坑木林，初植密度１９９５株／ｈｍ２，最终密度９００株／ｈｍ２；乙类型，轮伐期１５年，培育目标为胸径８—１２ｃｍ、树高８—１０ｍ的椽材、脚手架材，初植密度３９９０株／ｈｍ２，最终密度１３５０株／ｈｍ２；丙类型，萌生林，轮伐期１２年，培育目标为胸径大于８ｃｍ、树高８—１０ｍ的椽材、脚手架材，更新后密度２７００株／ｈｍ２，最终密度１３５０株／ｈｍ２。 相似文献
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4.
湿地松人工林的生长及其材脂两用经营模式的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湿地松在广东省广为引种，阳江市至１９９２年人工林面积亦已发展至１２万ｈａ。湿地松的生长特性和木材性质对其经营利用有一定影响。从４种不同经营模式比较，由于湿地松早期生长迅速，脂、材均可利用，１０年生即可开始采脂和间伐。其中以第４种经营模式的经济效益最佳，即１０年生开始第１次间伐，伐前强化采脂２年；１５年生作第２次间伐，代前强化采脂３年；１８年生开始连续采脂７年，２５年生时主伐。发展湿地松是广东山区致富的重要出路之一，对改善我省造纸资源和松脂质量关系密切。 相似文献
5.
在杉木分布北缘的苏南低山丘陵试验研究表明，利用萌芽杯幼龄速生的阶段优势，能发掘短轮伐小径材的生产潜力。影响萌芽林生长的因素主要有更新林分种源的遗传特性，立地条件，伐桩密度与更新方式。在山洼、山谷阴坡坡脚等优良立地，实施２２５０～２４００株／桩·ｈｍｔ２密度控制，小块状更新，集约肥培管抚，９年生萌芽林蓄积量达１１８．２～１２６．７ｍ２／ｈｍ２，可产出约８５％的小径材．在山坡中下部中等立地条件，实施较高密度（３０００～３３００株／桩·ｈｍ２）控制，窄带状（８～１０ｍ宽）更新，集约管抚，９～１５年生蓄积量达１１１．７～１３９．６ｍ３／ｈｍ２，可产出约４０％的小径材和农用椽材。而在较差岗坡立地，即使采取高密度（４５００株／桩·ｈｍ２：），窄带状荫芽更新与高水平集约管抚，也无生产小径材的可能。 相似文献
6.
通过对５４块毛白杨林的材种出材率（量）分析，认为立地指数ＳＩ≤１６．０ｍ的林分应培育以椽材为主的小径材；１８．０ｍ≤ＳＩ≤２２．０ｍ时，林分的经营目标可定为以檩材为主的中径材林；当ＳＩ≥２４．０ｍ时，可生产柁材等大径级材。柁材林的主伐密度以４００～６００株／ｈｍ２为主；檩材林的适宜密度为６００～９００株／ｈｍ２；经营椽材的林分密度以１０００～１２００株／ｈｍ２的收获量较高。 相似文献
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在 6～ 18年生湿地松、火炬松用材林中布置了 10片间伐强度试验林 ,对不同间伐处理的林分测树因子和间伐作业经济效益进行了分析 ,最后确定了两个树种工业用材林密度调控方案。正常情况下 ,2 0 0 0株· hm-2以下密度林分 8年生后间伐即有收益 ,而首次间伐龄应在 12年生之前方能使保留木生长速率获得提高。通过间伐可使立木规格材出材率略有提高 ,但伐后 4～ 6 a间 ,立木蓄积量、规格材出材量、林分总收获量基本上随间伐强度加大而减少 ,两次间伐的间隔期至少应在6 a以上。综合考虑立地条件、生长效应和经营目的 ,认为两个树种工业用材林营建应选择立地指数14～ 18林地 ,培育纸浆材林分 ,初植密度 2 0 0 0～ 16 6 7株· hm-2 ,或 15年生主伐 ,或 8～ 10年生作中强度间伐至 12 0 0株· hm-2左右 ,18～ 2 0年生主伐 ;培育建筑材 ,初植密度 16 6 7～ 1111株·hm-2 ,10～ 12年生第 1次间伐至 110 0～ 80 0株· hm-2 ,16～ 18年生第 2次间伐至 80 0～ 50 0株·hm-2 ,2 0～ 2 5年生时主伐 相似文献
9.
通过对山东省药乡林场日本落叶松间伐人工林进行标准地调查，揭示了日本落叶松间伐林的胸径，树高和材径生长变化特点，调查结果表明，初工１５００～１８００株／ｈｍ＾２的日本落叶松人工林在本区首次间伐的开始期为林龄１２－１３年，首次间伐采用中，强度间伐效果最佳，第二次间伐的间隔期为５－６年，二次间伐宜采用间伐强度小的间伐。 相似文献
10.
对大围山实验林场１６年生水杉人工林的生物量进行了测定与分析，结果表明：经过两次抚育间伐后的水杉林现存密度为１３００株／ｈｍ２，生产力为９．８７ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ．该场水杉生长良好，具有良好的经济和生态效益． 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献