共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
不同降水年型旱地小麦覆盖对产量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
【目的】明确旱地麦田休闲期覆盖的蓄水增产效果和生育期覆盖播种的节水增产效果,探索旱地小麦不同降水年型休闲期覆盖和生育期覆盖的保水技术新途径。【方法】于2011-2014年在山西闻喜县开展大田试验,以休闲期覆盖渗水地膜与不覆盖为主区,以生育期膜际条播、条播为副区,研究覆盖对旱地麦田3 m内土壤水分、小麦产量构成、水分利用效率和节水增产效率的影响。【结果】休闲期覆盖较不覆盖处理提高了播种期0-300 cm土层土壤蓄水量,丰水年达40-41 mm,平水年达55-58 mm,欠水年达70 mm,且欠水年更有利于蓄积土壤水分于深层,显著提高了不同降水年型休闲期土壤蓄水效率,达到20%以上,其覆盖的蓄水效果可延续至孕穗期,且生育期配套膜际条播效果更佳。休闲期覆盖较不覆盖处理显著提高小麦穗数、产量和水分利用效率,产量提高20%以上,水分利用效率提高15%以上,且生育期配套膜际条播小麦穗粒数、千粒重也显著提高。结果还表明,休闲期覆盖处理小麦播种期土壤水分每多蓄1 mm,丰水年小麦可增产21-27 kg·hm-2,平水年可增产16-18 kg·hm-2,欠水年可增产13-24 kg·hm-2,且休闲期覆盖条件下,生育期膜际条播播种对产量的提升有较大的调控作用。生育期地膜覆盖保水后,旱地麦田节水、增产效果提高,单位粮食生产节水量提高10%以上,消耗1 mm土壤水分产量提高11%以上。【结论】旱地小麦休闲期覆盖有利于蓄积休闲期降雨,改善底墒,尤其欠水年蓄水效果更佳,有利于提高小麦花前土壤水分,促进有效穗数的形成,提高产量,且生育期膜际条播播种效果更佳。底墒充足时,生育期膜际条播播种有利于提高旱地麦田的节水增产效果,而欠水年底墒不足时,会导致水分浪费和减产。 相似文献
2.
Harlan JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(4008):468-474
I propose the theory that agriculture originated independently in three different areas and that, in each case, there was a system composed of a center of origin and a noncenter, in which activities of domestication were dispersed over a span of 5,000 to 10,000 kilometers. One system includes a definable Near East center and a noncenter in Africa; another system includes a North Chinese center and a noncenter in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific; the third system includes a Mesoamerican center and a South American noncenter. There are suggestions that, in each case, the center and noncenter interact with each other. Crops did not necessarily originate in centers (in any conventional concept of the term), nor did agriculture necessarily develop in a geographical "center." 相似文献
3.
To find a target object in a crowded scene, a face in a crowd for example, the visual system might turn the neural representation of each object on and off in a serial fashion, testing each representation against a template of the target item. Alternatively, it might allow the processing of all objects in parallel but bias activity in favor of those neurons that represent critical features of the target, until the target emerges from the background. To test these possibilities, we recorded neurons in area V4 of monkeys freely scanning a complex array to find a target defined by color, shape, or both. Throughout the period of searching, neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma range whenever a preferred stimulus in their receptive field matched a feature of the target, as predicted by parallel models. Neurons also gave enhanced responses to candidate targets that were selected for saccades, or foveation, reflecting a serial component of visual search. Thus, serial and parallel mechanisms of response enhancement and neural synchrony work together to identify objects in a scene. To find a target object in a crowded scene, a face in a crowd for example, the visual system might turn the neural representation of each object on and off in a serial fashion, testing each representation against a template of the target item. Alternatively, it might allow the processing of all objects in parallel but bias activity in favor of those neurons that represent critical features of the target, until the target emerges from the background. To test these possibilities, we recorded neurons in area V4 of monkeys freely scanning a complex array to find a target defined by color, shape, or both. Throughout the period of searching, neurons gave enhanced responses and synchronized their activity in the gamma range whenever a preferred stimulus in their receptive field matched a feature of the target, as predicted by parallel models. Neurons also gave enhanced responses to candidate targets that were selected for saccades, or foveation, reflecting a serial component of visual search. Thus, serial and parallel mechanisms of response enhancement and neural synchrony work together to identify objects in a scene. 相似文献
4.
化杀1号对棉花可溶性糖淀粉及叶绿素影响的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
研究了化学杀雄剂1号对棉花叶片和花药中可溶性糖、淀粉以及叶片中叶绿素等含量的影响。结果表明,施用化学杀雄剂1号后,棉叶中可溶性糖和淀粉含量增加,叶绿素减少,花药中可溶性糖和淀粉含量减少。杀雄剂中添加脯氨酸以及混合氨基酸（脯氨酸和谷氨酸）等后,叶片中叶绿素含量接近对照水平;而叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量仍然高于对照;花药中可溶性糖和淀粉含量仍然低于对照。表明对棉花使用杀雄剂后,阻碍了叶片中的淀粉和可溶性糖的运输,进而导致花药可溶性糖和淀粉的缺乏,造成花粉发育成熟所必需的营养物质的亏缺,这可能是棉花杀雄剂的杀雄机理之一。 相似文献
5.
本研究探讨了Aldh3a2a在斑马鱼色素细胞发育中的意义及其对醛代谢和肝脏健康的影响。利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,我们成功敲除斑马鱼体内的aldh3a2a,导致黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞和虹彩细胞合成数量减少。转录组分析揭示了基因表达谱的变化,特别是与钾通道和类固醇生物合成途径相关的基因表达谱。我们的研究结果表明,aldh3a2a和aldh1a2之间存在调控关系,对视黄酸受体信号传导有影响。GO和KEGG富集分析强调了对色素细胞发育以外的细胞过程的更广泛影响。此外,aldh3a2a基因敲除会导致醛积累,导致肝脏异常,类似于Sj?gren-Larsson综合征,本研究揭示了aldh3a2a在斑马鱼中的多方面作用及其与人类遗传疾病的相关性。 相似文献
6.
7.
本文提出了用浮动法传递喷油泵标准油量。该方法是用制造厂的样品泵和标准喷油器总成测定修理厂喷油泵试验台的喷油器喷油量,以该喷油量为指标调整修后的喷油泵。经过实验室试验与生产考核,证明该方法简易可行,能达到传递喷油泵标准油量的目的。浮动法传递喷油泵标准油量能使发动机恢复应有的功率,并达到节能的效果。 相似文献
8.
Kendall AI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1931,74(1910):129-139
1. The isolation of a filter-passing diplococcus from the blood of certain cases of influenza by means of a special cultural medium is described. The experimental effects of this organism, while in the filterable state, upon rabbits, is discussed. 2. A procedure is formulated for inducing at will both a filterable and a non-filterable state in bacteria. Mention is made of a series of experiments in which both the filterable and the non-filterable state has thus been induced in a series of well-known bacteria comprising a variety of types. 3. It is postulated that a majority, if not all, known bacteria can and do exist in a filterable and in a non-filterable state. 4. A preliminary report of the isolation of microbes in the blood, not only of cases of influenza, but also from common cold, rheumatic fever, arthritis, from Staphylococcus bacteriophage and Besredka's Staphylococcus Antivirus is presented in evidence of the ubiquity of the procedure. 5. An explanation of the chemical basis for the existence of bacteria, both in the filterable and non-filterable states, in the animal and human body, and in culture, is proferred. 6. The relation of this chemical concept to microbic infection, and the state of microbes in the body during infection is discussed. In conclusion, it is a privilege as well as a pleasure to inscribe here my appreciation for the courteous cooperation of Dean Irving S. Cutter, Doctors Charles A. Elliott, Paul Starr, James G. Carr, Walter Nadler, Howard Alt and Herbert Barker, of the department of medicine, and to Northwestern University for the generous facilities and unrestricted opportunity for research which have contributed immeasurably to this investigation. 相似文献
9.
10.
鸡miR-133a靶向调控BIRC5基因的表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究miR-133a在鸡不同组织中的表达情况,对baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5（BIRC5）进行靶基因的试验验证,探讨鸡miR-133a对BIRC5的靶向调控作用。【方法】采用生物信息学方法对miR-133a靶基因进行预测,并用双荧光素酶报告系统及点突变试验对BIRC5进行靶基因验证,同时运用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-133a在鸡不同组织中的表达量。【结果】在鸡3′UTR数据库的11 891个基因中预测到287个miR-133a的靶基因;miR-133a在鸡的组织表达谱中显示其在肌肉中的表达量较高,尤其是在骨骼肌中表达量最高;报告基因试验显示BIRC5是miR-133a的靶基因,点突变试验证实了miR-133a在BIRC5上结合的靶位点。【结论】miR-133a是与鸡骨骼肌发育高度相关的miRNA,且鸡BIRC5基因是miR-133a的靶基因。 相似文献
11.
Ciliated epithelial cells in the oviduct of Necturus maculosus were stimulated mechanically by brief dimpling with a microstylus. This treatment produlced a transient depolarization of the membrane, and a transient increase in the frequency of ciliary beating. The increase in frequency of ciliary beating was related to the concentration of extracellular calcium ion, decreasing with reductiotn in calcium. Addition of lanthanum was followed by a decrease in spontaneous ciliary aictivity and a hyperpolarization of the membrane. In the presence of lanthanum, the transietnt depolarization in response to mechanical stimulation had a shorter timte course, and the concomitant increase in ciliary frequency was greatly reduced. It is concluded that calciuml ions enter the cell as a result of mechanical stimulationi of the membrane, and that calcium influx leads to an increase in the frequency of ciliary activity. 相似文献
12.
【目的】蜕皮激素（ecdysone）是昆虫体内一种重要的激素,参与调控昆虫的生长发育,并且能对环境胁迫进行响应。研究旨在明确橘小实蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel）蜕皮激素合成通路基因（ecdysone synthesis pathway gene）的分布和特定条件下的表达特性,为进一步开展橘小实蝇变态发育与抗逆胁迫机制的研究提供理论支持。【方法】采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆蜕皮激素合成通路基因BdCyp302a1、BdCyp315a1和BdCyp314a1,利用实时定量PCR（qPCR）技术检测该合成通路基因BdNvd、BdCyp306a1、BdCyp302a1、BdCyp315a1和BdCyp314a1在幼虫不同发育阶段（幼虫1-8日龄）、不同组织（前胸腺复合体、脂肪体、中肠、马氏管、表皮和气管）和饥饿条件下的表达模式,明确饥饿对幼虫发育的影响。【结果】克隆获得了3个蜕皮激素合成通路基因序列的开放阅读框,分别为BdCyp302a1（GenBank登录号：JQ027284）、BdCyp315a1（GenBank登录号：KC515377）和BdCyp314a1（GenBank登录号：JQ229645）,且上述序列均具备P450典型结构域：Helix-C/I/K、PERF基序、血红蛋白结合位点以及脯氨酸/甘氨酸富集区,其氨基酸序列较为保守。qPCR检测结果显示蜕皮激素合成通路基因BdNvd、BdCyp306a1和BdCyp314a1幼虫末龄阶段表达量显著升高,其最高表达量分别是最低点的7.33、10.89和7.82倍,但在幼虫前4 d表达量差异不显著。而BdCyp302a1和BdCyp315a1在整个幼虫阶段表达量保持相对稳定。对不同组织的研究发现,蜕皮激素合成通路基因在所选的6个组织中均有表达,其中BdNvd、BdCyp306a1和BdCyp315a1在幼虫前胸腺表达量最高,在其他组织中表达量差异不显著;BdCyp302a1在各组织中的表达量由高到低为脂肪体>前胸腺>表皮/马氏管>气管/中肠,该基因在脂肪体的表达量是中肠的30倍;BdCyp314a1在中肠、马氏管和脂肪体内的表达量依次降低,但均极显著高于其他3个组织。橘小实蝇幼虫在饥饿处理12 h后即出现化蛹现象,其化蛹比例随饥饿时间延长而上升。对蛹宽和蛹长的测量中发现,饥饿导致蛹个体显著缩小,但未影响其存活率。同时,饥饿导致蜕皮激素合成通路基因BdNvd、BdCyp302a1和BdCyp314a1表达量在饥饿处理6 h后出现显著上调,并在处理48 h后出现显著下调;但饥饿处理并未影响BdCyp315a1的表达水平。【结论】蜕皮激素合成通路基因在橘小实蝇幼虫组织的表达具有差异性,并参与介导幼虫-蛹的变态过程和对营养胁迫的响应。 相似文献
13.
14.
"Salt fingers" are generated when a slowly diffusing solute overlies a more rapidly diffusing solute in a gravitationally stable fluid. The phenomenon is important in many areas of science; for example, it affects the temperature and salinity structure in the upper half of the ocean, the production of crystals when liquid alloys solidify, and the distribution of properties in magma chambers below the earth's crust. The evolution of a salt finger from initial instability to a fully developed feature is difficult to follow in a fluid because of the close-packed array of cells that is formed. However, when the fluid is contained in a Hele Shaw cell, individual fingers occupy the entire gap width, thereby enabling the experimenter to monitor and record the evolution much more easily. The instability of an array of wide fingers to disturbances that lead to (preferred) smaller scales is documented in a sequence of photographs, and a qualitative, physically consistent argument is offered to explain the instability. 相似文献
15.
Oxygen-hemoglobulin dissociation curves: effect of inherited enzyme defects of the red cell 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The blood of a patient with a deficiency of hexokinase in the red cells and a decreased concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cells showed an increased affinity for oxygen, whereas a patient with a deficiency of pyruvate kinase and an elevated concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cells had blood with a decreased affinity for oxygen. Defects in red cell glycolysis may alter the oxygen affinity of blood by virtue of their effect on 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in red cells. 相似文献
16.
普通小麦与山羊草叶绿体基因组长度热点突变区的核苷酸序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
检测了Ae. speltoides和Ae. ovata叶绿体基因组的一个长度热点突变区的核苷酸序列，并与普通小麦、四倍体Ae. crassa 以及Ae. squarrosa的相应序列进行了比较分析。从rbcL基因的终止密码子到cemA基因内的HindIII位点，Ae. speltoides和Ae. ovata的核苷酸序列长度分别为2 808 和 2 810bp。与四倍体Ae. crassa的序列相比，在普通小麦和Ae. speltoides中各有一个791 bp的大片段缺失，在Ae. ovata中存在一个793 bp的大片段缺失。Ae. ovata的缺失片段比普通小麦和Ae. speltoides的长2个碱基，推测Ae. ovata的大片段缺失在进化上是独立发生的。Ae. speltoides的大片段缺失与普通小麦的完全相同，支持Ae. speltoides是普通小麦叶绿体基因组供体的假说。除了大片段缺失外，在这个区域还检测到了7 个插入/缺失和15个碱基替换突变。研究结果表明，这个长度热点突变区的核苷酸序列分析是研究小麦与山羊草叶绿体基因组之间遗传变异关系的一个非常有效的途径。 相似文献
17.
豫东平原不同年限农林间作系统土壤有机碳库特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为全面了解杨树-农作物间作系统的固碳效能,研究了沙质平原区3、9、13、17a杨农(杨树与农作物)间作系统土壤有机碳库特征。结果表明,杨农间作系统土壤有机碳含量随着土层深度增加而逐步下降,随着间作年限增加而增加;0～60cm土壤有机碳密度随着间作年限的增加而增加,间作3、9、13、17a分别达到11.25、11.19、13.71、16.17t/hm2;土壤碳密度随着土层深度增加而下降,但随着间作年限增加,40～60cm土壤碳密度所占比例逐步增加,到间作17a时,已达到28.76%,说明随着间作年限增加可以增加深层土壤固碳能力;土壤有机碳固存速率随着间作年限增加而增加,间作3～9a为0.145 0t/(hm2·a),间作9～13a为0.397 5t/(hm2·a),间作13～17a达到最高,为0.615 0t/(hm2·a),平均为0.351 4t/(hm2·a),说明豫东平原杨农间作系统要达到一定年限,才能充分发挥其土壤固碳效能。 相似文献
18.
应用1953～2009年历史资料,对玉门年最多风向变化进行分析,并对近57年玉门4次年最多风向异常的气象灾害进行了分析。结果表明,57年中,玉门年最多风向有51年为东风,有4年为西风,有2年为西风和东风出现频率一样多;年最多风向异常的4年是1961、1979、1987、1998年。年最多风向异常时,气象灾害严重。1961年甘肃省粮食总产量为近60年来历史最少,1961年前后严重的旱灾使甘肃近半数农业人口严重缺粮,人口死亡剧增,到1961年末甘肃人口比1958年减少近百万。1979年是近57年中玉门年降水量最多的一年。1987年6月11日的日降水量是近57年中玉门6月份日降水量最多的一年。1998年是近57年中玉门年平均气温最高的一年。 相似文献
19.
20.
认知计算是认知科学、神经科学、数据科学和云计算的交叉学科。数据的急剧增长、算法的不断优化和高性能计算能力的发展加速了认知计算在健康医疗、智慧城市、农业等各个领域的研究和应用。认知计算提供了一种新的模式,是大数据、机器学习、深度学习、自然语言处理、IOT (The Internet of Things)、云计算等不同成熟技术的结合体。在此模式下,研究人员不再满足于继续延用传统的数据分析方法,开始寻求新的方法以期在大规模结构和非结构数据中探索其中模式和相关性。从而认知系统可以提供学习、推理、发现、自然语言交流、决策支持的功能。农业领域的数据量呈现爆发式的增长,认知计算和农业大数据的结合有效促进了智慧农业的发展,但是由于数据不仅包括时空数据、图像、视频等多种类型,其数据质量和地理位置、网络连接和数据来源密切相关。所以对于认知计算在农业领域的应用,这既是机遇也是挑战。基于已有研究工作探讨了认知计算的概念和相关学科;阐述了认知计算的发展历程、不同架构类型和技术体系;总结了近年来认知计算的研究进展;简要介绍了认知计算在农业领域的应用现状,同时对认知计算在农业领域应用中的挑战和发展趋势进行了总结、思考与展望。 相似文献