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1.
A tumor behind the left eye in a female Crj:CD(SD)IGS rat was investigated histopathologically, immunohistopathologically, and electron microscopically. The tumor invaded and destroyed orbital tissues and bones. It consisted of various tumor cells; namely, spindle-shaped, epithelioid, anaplastic melanoma cells, and had prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm and nuclei with a greater variation in size. Immunohistochemically, almost all of the tumor cells were positive for antimelanoma, PNL2 antibody. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were rich in small vesicles containing fine granules and filamentous structures. This is the first report describing an amelanotic melanoma in the head of an albino rat.  相似文献   

2.
Tissues from subcutaneous lymphosarcomas and regional lymph nodes were examined by light and electron microscopy and by lectin histochemistry. Tumors were composed of two major cell types: small lymphocytes with few organelles and pleomorphic histiocytic cells with undulant surfaces, large numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and many mitochondria with large crystalline inclusions. A large gram-positive coryneform bacterium was isolated from tumor nodules but was not identified morphologically in tumor tissues. Evaluation of sections of tumors with lectins as histochemical probes revealed three staining patterns: 1) lectin labeling histiocytic cells only (wheat germ, succinylated-wheat germ, Phaseolus vulgaris and soybean agglutinins); 2) lectins labeling histiocytic, interstitial and some lymphoid cells (concanavalin A, and Pisum sativum, Lens culinaris, and Ricinus communis I agglutinins); and 3) lectins failing to label any cell (peanut, Sophora japonica, and Ulex europaeus I agglutinins). In the lymph node, macrophages were labeled by lectins of groups 1 and 2; interdigitating reticular cells were labeled by group 2 lectins. Lectin staining of histiocytic cells in tumor tissues suggested that these were reactive cells and that lymphoid cells were the primary neoplastic component.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
We encountered a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 17-year-old female koala at a zoo. A fragile, papillary, elevated mass was found on the third digit of the right hind limb. SCC was identified histopathologically: squamous cell-like polygonal tumor cells showed a nest-like growth pattern with epidermal down growth, central keratinization and necrotic foci, and invaded dermal connective tissues. Metastatic lesions were observed in various organs, including the lung and axillary lymph node: in the lung, multiple metastatic foci similar to the primary lesion, and in the axillary lymph node, individual polygonal tumor cells infiltrated the sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which exhibited 32–33% of labeling indices in the tumor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of SCC in a digit of a koala.  相似文献   

5.
Case 1: A tumor mass involving the rostral part of left cerebrum was found in a two-year-old female budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) at necropsy. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were arranged in sheets or cords and occasionally showed nest growth patterns. These uniform tumor cells had a little cytoplasm and ovoid or round basophilic nuclei with clearly distinct cytoplasmic membranes. The tumor cells were strong diffusely immunostained with both neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament protein and partially for synaptophysin. They lacked chromogranin A, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, S-100, and cytokeratin antigen expression. Moreover, they had no reaction to antibodies against pituitary hormones, such as adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, and prolactin. The histological and immunohistochemical examination determined the tumor as neuroblastoma. Case 2: An extremely enlarged pituitary mass was found above the sella turcica of a male budgerigar. It was soft and well delineated from the adjacent structures. On histological examination, this tumor consisted of a sheet of large closely packed polyhedral cells that had scant to a large amount of pale to strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm. The pleomorphic nuclei were apparently variable in shape, from small round hyperchromatic to very large vesicular forms. The cell boundaries were not clearly distinct. The multifocal immunolabelling of neoplastic cells for NSE, synaptophysin, GFAP, and ACTH appeared, whereas a few cells reacted with vimentin and S-100 and stained negative for other markers, which were also utilized for case 1. Histological and immunohistochemical findings led to identification of corticotroph adenocarcinoma in the pituitary gland.  相似文献   

6.
Background: Insulinoma is an autonomous insulin-secreting islet cell neoplasm that is rarely diagnosed in cats. The clinical and pathological aspects of feline insulinoma have been described previously, but the molecular characteristics of these tumors have not been investigated.
Objectives: The study objectives were to characterize peptide hormone production and determine expression of selected genes involved in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in a feline insulinoma.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to examine hormone and gene expression, respectively, by insulinoma cells.
Results: Immunohistochemistry examination indicated that the tumor cells expressed insulin, chromogranin A, and somatostatin but not glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide. The tumor expressed several genes characteristic of pancreatic beta cells (β cells) including insulin ( INS ), glucose transporter 2 ( GLUT2 ), and glucokinase ( GCK ). The tumor also expressed hexokinase 1 ( HK1 ), a glycolytic enzyme not normally expressed in β cells. GCK expression was higher in the insulinoma than in normal pancreas from the same cat. The GCK  :  HK1 ratio was >20-fold higher in insulinoma tissue than in normal pancreas.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The feline insulinoma produced several peptide hormones and expressed genes consistent with a β-cell phenotype. The pattern of hexokinase gene expression in tumor cells differed from that of normal pancreas. These findings suggest insulinoma cells may have an increased sensitivity to glucose that could contribute to the abnormal insulin secretory response observed at low serum glucose concentrations.  相似文献   

7.
A 7-year-old female Leonberger dog was referred to the National Veterinary School of Lyon Teaching Hospital with a 2-day history of anorexia and bleeding. A mammary mass had been removed 7 months earlier, but histologic examination was not performed. On physical examination, the dog was depressed and had pale mucous membranes and numerous petechiae and hematomas. Significant laboratory findings were moderate thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, and thrombin times, hypofibrinogenemia, and increased concentration of fibrin(ogen) degradation products. A peripheral blood smear, buffy coat preparation, and bone marrow aspirate contained low numbers of large atypical cells that had moderate nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, oval nuclei with multiple prominent nuclei, and basophilic cytoplasm with villous projections. A small nodule was found in the left inguinal mammary gland, and a fine-needle aspirate contained cells similar to those in blood and bone marrow. In samples of blood, bone marrow, and the mammary mass, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin. The diagnosis was mammary carcinoma with secondary disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow and circulating tumor cells in blood; this diagnosis was not confirmed by histopathologic examination. Owing to clinical deterioration and the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanized and a necropsy was not performed. This is the first report of a canine mammary carcinoma with circulating tumor cells and secondary DIC.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Tumors have heterogeneous properties, which could be explained by the existence of hierarchically and biologically distinct tumor cells such as tumor‐initiating cells (TICs). This model is clinically important, as TICs are promising targets for cancer therapies. However, TICs in spontaneous B‐cell lymphoma have not been conclusively identified. Hypothesis/Objectives: Tumor cells with a progenitor phenotype exist in B‐cell lymphoma, reflecting a hierarchical organization. Animals: Twenty‐eight client‐owned dogs with previously untreated B‐cell lymphoma and 6 healthy dogs. Methods: This was a prospective study. Flow cytometry was used to identify lymphoid progenitor cells (LPCs) that coexpressed hematopoietic progenitor antigens CD34, CD117, and CD133, with lymphoid differentiation markers CD21 and/or CD22 in B‐cell lymphoma. The polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements was used to analyze clonality and relatedness of tumor populations. A xenograft model with NOD/SCID/IL‐2Rγ?/? mice was adapted to expand and serially transplant primary canine B‐cell lymphoma. Results: LPCs were expanded in lymph nodes from 28 dogs with B‐cell lymphoma compared with 6 healthy dogs (P= .0022). LPCs contained a clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangement identical to that of the bulk of tumor cells. Canine B‐cell lymphoma xenografts in recipient mice that maintained LPCs in the tumors were recurrently observed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest the presence of a hierarchy of tumor cells in B‐cell lymphoma as has been demonstrated in other cancers. These findings have the potential to impact not only the understanding of lymphoma pathogenesis but also the development of lymphoma therapies by providing novel targets for therapy.  相似文献   

9.
A firm, tan, well-circumscribed mass that measured 25 × 30 × 35 mm was observed in the thoracic cavity of a 53-week-old male Crl:CD(SD) IGS rat. Histologically, the mass was encapsulated by fibrous tissue and contained fibrovascular septae. Tumor cells were compactly arranged, and most were oval to polygonal in shape with multivacuolated cytoplasm and a centrally located nucleus. In some parts of the tumor, marked cellular atypia and frequent mitoses were evident. Vacuoles in cytoplasm were positive for oil red O. The tumor cells were characterized ultrastructurally by abundant, round to oval mitochondria with transverse closely-packed cristae. Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). Several thrombi and hemorrhagic or necrotic foci were also observed within the tumor mass. Vascular invasion of the tumor capsule was observed; however, invasion of surrounding tissues or metastases were not observed. Based on the pathology findings, this case was diagnosed as a malignant hibernoma.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract: A 12‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was presented with a history of seizures and abnormal vocalization. Approximately 1 year before presentation, multiple mammary cysts had been surgically excised. A mammary mass was noted on physical examination, and 2 separate parenchymal brain lesions were found on imaging studies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from the cisterna magna was analyzed, and abnormalities included moderate pleocytosis with atypical discrete round cells that occasionally formed loose clusters. The dog was euthanized, and on necropsy a primary solid mammary carcinoma was identified as well as multiple metastatic foci in the brain with diffuse meningeal involvement. The cells in the CSF had a morphologic appearance similar to the cells in the primary mammary tumor and in the metastatic tumors in the brain. On immunostaining, cells from the primary mammary tumor, the brain tumors, and the CSF expressed cytokeratin. The CSF cells did not express CD18, CD3, or CD79a. A final diagnosis of mammary carcinoma with brain metastasis and meningeal carcinomatosis was made.  相似文献   

11.
A highly invasive intracranial malignant schwannoma containing several masses was detected in a 28-week-old male Crl:CD(SD) rat. Macroscopically, 3 masses were noted in the cranial cavity; one was present at the bottom of the cranial cavity and involved the trigeminal nerve, and the other two were in the parietal bone. Histologically, each mass consisted of fusiform cells with interlacing fascicular, wavy and nuclear pseudopalisading arrangements and round cells with cystic lesions. The tumor cells invaded not only the brain but also the parietal bone. In the brain, the tumor cells infiltrated diffusely into the leptomeningeal and perivascular spaces and parenchyma, in which the tumor cell morphology and invasive pattern closely resembled those of malignant astrocytoma and malignant reticulosis. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in the masses showed positive reactions for both S-100 protein and GFAP, while those in the cerebral invasion sites were negative for GFAP and less positive for S-100 protein. Electron microscopically, a single basal lamina layer and short intricate cell processes were confirmed in the tumor cells. From these results, the present tumor was diagnosed as a malignant schwannoma arising in the cranial cavity, probably originating from the trigeminal nerve. The present tumor is considered to be a relatively unique malignant schwannoma based on its growth and invasion patterns.  相似文献   

12.
Forty-four primary feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas and 16 recurrences were examined histologically for detailed morphologic characterization with emphasis on tumor grade, presence of neoplastic multinucleated giant cells, presence and proportion of T and B lymphocytes within the tumor, and thin and intermediate filament contents of neoplastic and stromal cells. The microvascularity and proliferation rates of central and peripheral areas of the tumors were also quantified by computerized image analysis. For primary fibrosarcomas, 11 of 44 (25%) were grade I, 21 of 44 (47.7%) were grade II, and 12 of 44 (27.3%) were grade III. The recurrences followed a similar pattern: 4 of 16 (25%) were grade I, 8 of 16 (50%) were grade II, and 4 of 16 (25%) were grade III. A positive correlation was found between the presence of neoplastic multinucleated giant cells and tumor grade. These cells were present in 9 of 12 (75%) of grade III and none of the grade I tumors. Prominent peritumoral lymphoid aggregates or follicles were present in 59% of the tumors, and many contained high proportions of T lymphocytes, varying from 19 to 87%. All fibrosarcomas were immunoreactive for vimentin and 28 of 44 (64%) were reactive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. The actin-positive cells were either part of the tumor or formed a capsule around tumor nodules. The peripheral vascularity was significantly higher than the central vascular density but no difference was found in tumor cell proliferation rates between the two areas. Centrally located, fluid-filled micro- or macrocavitations were frequently observed in the large vaccine sarcomas and probably formed secondary to rapid tumor growth and central necrosis.  相似文献   

13.
Cellular immunity to canine mammary tumor cells was studied by means of the leucocyte migration technique (LMT). Intact tumor cells, separated either by enzymatical or mechanical disruption, were used as antigen, and efforts were made to cultivate tumor cells in vitro. Fifteen female tumorous dogs were studied, and 12 non-tumorous mainly male dags were used as controls. Leucocytes from tumor-bearing females were mixed with own autologous or foreign homologous tumor cells, and control leucocytes were presented with cells from the same source. In addition, leucocytes from tumorous animals and controls were mixed.Animal group A comprised 8 tumor-bearing females. In this group mixtures of different cell numbers and different tumor cell/leucocyte ratios were tried. Animal group B comprised 7 tumor-bearing females, and 40 × 106 leucocytes from these were mixed with 2 × 106 antigencells, antigen-cell/leucocyte ratio 0.05. A great number of tumor cells (tumor cell/leucocyte ratio > 0.05) caused strong non-specific inhibition of leucocyte migration, but in spite of marked inhibition (< 61%) in the homologous system in animal group A, inhibition in the autologous system was found to be stronger (72.2–92.3%). In animal group B, dogs presented with own tumor cells showed marked inhibition (23.7–90.1%), while the controls showed a migration inhibition below 20%. Mixtures of homologous leucocytes showed inhibition of the same order as mixtures of control leucocytes and tumor cells. Thus evidence of cellular immunity against own canine mammary tumor cells was obtained. It proved difficult to cultivate the tumor cells for more than 2–3 passages. Some evidence of antigenic cross reactivity was obtained between 2 adenocarcinomas. Enzymatical separation of tumor cells did not seem to alter antigenic characteristics of the cell surface. Mechanical separation, however, proved to be simpler, more rapid and yielded cell suspensions largely free of debris, and is therefore recommended for further work.  相似文献   

14.
Orbital epithelial tumors in dogs are rare and most frequently malignant. Distinguishing their origin from the lacrimal or zygomatic gland is often challenging and is based mostly on tumor location. A case of adenoma involving the orbit in a 13-year-old, female, standard Schnauzer is reported. Histologically, the neoplasm was characterized by nests and cords of epithelial cells mostly forming small glandular structures. The origin of the tumor from the zygomatic gland was determined by histochemical characteristics (alcian blue pH 1 positive staining) of a small remnant of normal gland included within the tumor capsule. The benign nature of our finding was confirmed by follow-up information: 2 years after complete surgical removal of the mass no tumor recurrence or metastases was recorded.  相似文献   

15.
A tumor within the right globe in a 9-year-old Shetland sheepdog was examined pathologically. The tumor was composed of spindle or oval cells arranged in interwoven bundles with intervening collagenous or mucinous matrices. Immunohistochemically, the tumor bound antibody directed to S-100 protein and vimentin, but not to desmin, actin smooth muscle, or neurofilament. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor cells had poorly developed cytoplasmic processes, desmosomes between closely contiguous cells, and a discontinuous basement membrane-like material. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) histologically. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of intraocular PNST in dogs.  相似文献   

16.
A non-immune natural killer-type cell population (NK) from 6-to 12-week old chickens was able to kill MSB-1 Marek's disease (MD) tumor cells in vitro; as measured by the 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. Removal of T cells, B cells, adherent cells, or any combination of the three populations of cells did not result in diminished levels of cytotoxicity of the remaining spleen cells against MSB-1 cells. The cytotoxicity of chicken NK cells could be rapidly augmented by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and by the Cal 11914 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), but not by the TCND strain of NDV which is not an interferon (IFN) inducer, indicating that IFN play a role in augmentation of the NK activity in chickens.  相似文献   

17.
A 12-year-old female miniature poodle showed a 3-month history of neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a high intensity tumor mass in the right cerebral hemisphere with compression of the lateral ventricle. At necropsy, a 2 x 3 cm white, friable mass was found in the right ventral pyriform lobe. Microscopically, the tumor cells were large, polygonal to round cells supported by a sparse fibrovascular stroma. The tumor cells typically possessed finely granular, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm with strongly positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. The tumor cells were immunopositive for vimentin, NSE and S-100. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed large amounts of granules in the cytoplasm, and absence of basement membrane. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the intracranial granular cell tumor was diagnosed.  相似文献   

18.
We encountered a case of spontaneous thymic carcinosarcoma in a young Crl:CD (Sprague Dawley) rat. Grossly, a white multinodular mass replaced the thymus in the thoracic cavity. Histologically, multiple nodules were separated by fibrous stroma, and each nodule included isolated regions that were composed of epithelial or non-epithelial tumor cells. The epithelial tumor cells were relatively large and round to polygonal cells with large nuclei and weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. These cells were cytokeratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cells infiltrated the lungs. The non-epithelial tumor cells were poorly differentiated, small, round to spindle-shaped cells with small nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. These cells were vimentin-positive and mostly cytokeratin-negative. Many islands of cartilage were observed near non-epithelial cells. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary thymic carcinosarcoma consisting of a malignant thymoma composed of epithelial tumor cells and a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma composed of non-epithelial tumor cells.  相似文献   

19.
A 3-year-old female Siamese cat was admitted to a local animal hospital with a history of recent extreme lethargy and anorexia. A hemorrhagic tumor was removed from an area of oral buccal skin and diagnosed histopathologically as lymphosarcoma. Rapid physical deterioration occurred, and the cat became moribund 2 weeks after surgical operation. Necropsy revealed at least 200 spherical hemorrhagic neoplastic nodules attached to the omentum, mesentery, and peritoneum. Examination of histopathologic sections confirmed the striking characteristics of an extremely vascular and highly invasive malignant lymphoma, which was designated feline tumor No. 01 (FeT-01). There was no evidence of peripheral blood leukemia. Electron microscopic examination of tumor tissue revealed numerous viral particles having characteristics common to both feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline syncytium-forming virus (FeSFV). Primary cells and cultures propagated from tumor tissue were found to be negative or weakly positive for group-specific (gs) antigen by radioimmunoassay but strongly positive when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. Co-cultivation of cells from tumor tissue, with normal prescreened feline embryo cells, revealed the presence of numerous FeSFV-like viral particles in the absence of C-type virus. A FeSFV was isolated from these passaged cells, with characteristics similar to FeSFV isolates previously described in the literature. The apparent presence of FeSFV in lymphosarcomatous tissue and the apparent absence of FeLV C-type particles in passaged cells indicate the need to make a more intensive study of the FeSFV group of viruses and the possible etiologic relationship to feline malignancies.  相似文献   

20.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus. To gain insight into the histogenesis and viral pathogenesis of this neoplasm, the tumor cell phenotypes and differentiation state were correlated with the distribution of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus capsid protein in neoplastic and normal cells of the lung in nine naturally occurring and 12 experimentally induced cases of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Overall, 82% of tumor cells had ultrastructural features consistent with alveolar type II cells, 7% of tumor cells had features of Clara cells, and 11% of tumor cells were insufficiently differentiated to classify. The proportion of the neoplastic cell phenotypes varied within tumors, and no tumor consisted of a morphologically uniform cell population. To further characterize the neoplastic cell population, sections of tumors were immunostained with antibodies to surfactant protein A, surfactant protein C, and Clara cell 10-kd protein. Overall, surfactant proteins A and C were expressed in 70% and 80% of tumor cells, respectively, whereas Clara cell 10-kd protein was expressed in 17% of tumor cells. Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus capsid protein was detected in 71% of tumor cells and in macrophages (5/21 tumors examined) and in nonneoplastic alveolar and bronchiolar cells (6/14 tumors). Expression of this viral protein in neoplastic cells, classified morphologically and by immunophenotyping primarily as of the alveolar type II lineage, implies an important role for specific virus-cell interactions in the pathogenesis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   

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