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丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对土壤中阿特拉津降解的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
于盆栽高粱(Sorghum,龙杂一号)条件下研究了丛枝菌根(AM)真菌根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices,GI)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,GM)降解土壤中阿特拉津的效用。结果表明,阿特拉津(浓度为50 mg/kg)污染土壤中,供试AM真菌都能够侵染高粱根系形成菌根,而且GM比GI侵染效果好,最高侵染率可达到90.5%,显著提高了植株的生物量。接种AM真菌后土壤中阿特拉津的残留浓度显著低于不接种对照处理,并且接种GM比GI对阿特拉津的降解效果显著。接种GM处理的土壤中阿特拉津最高降解率达到了91.6%,其中菌根效应占22.6%。接种AM真菌的宿主植物根际土壤中微生物数量多于不接种处理,且GM优于GI处理,说明AM真菌能促进根际微生物的繁殖。此外,接种AM真菌后能显著增加土壤中脲酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著。认为GM是一株比较理想的修复阿特拉津污染土壤的AM真菌。 相似文献
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多环芳烃污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复初探 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在温室盆栽条件下,通过种植紫花苜蓿单独或联合接种菌根真菌(Glomus caledonium L.)(AM)和多环芳烃专性降解菌(DB),研究了利用植物-微生物强化修复多环芳烃(PAHs)长期污染土壤的效果。试验结果表明,接种菌根真菌和PAHs专性降解菌能促进紫花苜蓿的生长和土壤中PAHs的降解。经过90天修复试验,种植紫花苜蓿接种AM、DB和DB+AM处理的PAHs的降解率分别为47.9%、49.6%、60.1%,均高于只种植紫花苜蓿的对照处理(CK)(21.7%)。另外,随着PAHs苯环数的增加,其平均降解率逐渐降低,但是接种PAHs专性降解菌能够提高4环和5环PAHs的降解率。同时也发现土壤中脱氢酶活性和PAHs降解菌数量越高的处理,土壤PAHs的降解率也越高,这也是种植紫花苜蓿接种微生物能够有效促进土壤PAHs降解的原因。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的作用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
菌根是真菌与植物根系所建立的互惠共生体,其中以丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在自然界中分布最广。在重金属污染条件下,AM真菌可以减轻重金属对植物的毒害,影响植物对重金属的吸收和转运,在重金属污染土壤的植物修复中显示出极大的应用潜力。文章通过讨论菌根植物对重金属修复的作用机制,提出菌根技术在重金属植物修复中应在通过广泛调查、筛选超积累植物的基础上,不断探索植物-菌根体系修复问题,以促进重金属污染土壤的生物修复。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus caledonium)对铜污染土壤生物修复机理初探 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
利用盆栽试验,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus.caledonium)在不同程度铜污染土壤上对玉米苗期生长的影响。结果表明,即使在土壤施铜量达150mg/kg时,菌根真菌对玉米仍有近55%的侵染率;接种菌根真菌,能显著促进玉米根系的生长。菌根玉米的根系生物量和根系长度,平均较未接种处理分别提高108.4%和58.8%;接种处理的植株地上部生物量达到每盆(3株)10.58g,显著高于不施铜的非菌根玉米。这些结果表明,丛枝菌根真菌对铜污染具有较好的抗性;并且由于菌根的形成,使宿主植物明显地改善了对磷的吸收和运输,并能通过抑制土壤酸化、降低土壤可溶态铜的浓度等机制,增强宿主植物对铜污染的抗(耐)性。在150mg/kg施铜水平时,与非菌根玉米相比,菌根玉米地上部和根系铜浓度分别降低24.3%和24.1%,吸铜量分别提高了28.2%和60.0%,表明菌根植物对铜污染土壤具有一定的生物修复作用。 相似文献
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通过温室盆栽试验,研究接种苏格兰球囊霉(Glomus caledonium)条件下添加不同比例发酵牛粪(0.33%、0.50%和1.00%)对苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)根系丛枝菌根(AM)真菌侵染率、土壤孢子密度、植株生物量与根冠比及根系磷(P)吸收效率的影响。结果发现,与对照相比,接种AM真菌处理植株地上部生物量趋于下降、根冠比显著提高(p<0.05),在此基础上添加0.33%或0.50%发酵牛粪处理土壤孢子密度、植株根系生物量和AM真菌侵染率均趋于升高,根冠比没有明显变化,根系P吸收效率显著提高(p<0.05);添加1.00%发酵牛粪显著提高土壤孢子密度、植株生物量和根系AM真菌侵染率(p<0.05),根冠比与仅接种AM真菌处理相同,根系P吸收效率则达到仅接种AM真菌处理的1.83倍。结果表明,添加1.00%发酵牛粪对苏格兰球囊霉扩繁及其宿主植物P吸收均具有突出促进作用。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根对芘污染土壤修复及植物吸收的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了两种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae和 Glomus etunicatum对三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum L.)和辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)修复芘污染土壤的影响。供试土样中芘初始浓度为0 ~ 75.18 mg/kg。结果表明,接种AMF可促进供试植物对土壤中芘的吸收,并且显著提高三叶草根的芘含量、根系富集系数、根和茎叶的芘积累量,但对辣椒根和茎叶芘含量、根系富集系数的影响不显著,这主要与植物的菌根侵染率和“菌根依赖度”不同有关。接种AMF土壤中芘的削减率高于普通植物修复,但植物吸收积累对修复的贡献率小于0.2%;因此推测,AM作用下良好的根际环境对土壤微生物数量和活性的提高、进而对土壤中芘降解的促进可能是菌根修复的主要机理。 相似文献
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土壤因子对西藏高原草地植物AM真菌的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
于西藏高原中部地区就土壤因子对草地植物AM真菌的影响进行的研究表明:AM真菌孢子密度与菌根侵染率、菌根侵染强度无相关性;土壤质地对AM真菌孢子密度的影响明显大于土壤类型,壤土、粉砂土中AM真菌对植物根系的侵染率高于砂壤土;土壤pH与植物根围土壤孢子密度、菌根侵染率分别呈显著正相关和正相关,与菌根侵染强度则呈负相关;土壤有机质与AM真菌孢子密度呈负相关,菌根侵染效果则随土壤有机质含量的增加而提高;高磷土壤环境对AM真菌产孢和侵染均具不同程度的抑制作用,其中植物菌根侵染率随土壤有效磷含量的提高而呈显著下降;AM真菌对莎草科植物矮生嵩草、扁穗莎草根系具有良好的侵染效应。 相似文献
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水分胁迫及VA菌根接种对绿豆生长的影响 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文采用土培试验研究了水分胁迫下接种VA菌根真菌Glomusmosseae,G .sp .和G .caledonium对绿豆生长及代谢活动的影响。结果表明 ,水分胁迫严重抑制了植株的生长 ,但对VA菌根真菌的侵染能力影响不大。接种VA菌根真菌不仅有利于植株对土壤中磷和氮的吸收 ,而且明显改善了植株的水分状况 ,降低了植株叶片的脯氨酸含量 ,提高了接种株叶片的光合效率 ,显著增加了植株干物质量 ,增强了绿豆的抗旱性或耐旱性。 3种真菌中 ,以Glomusmosseae的接种效果最好。 相似文献
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土壤微生物对黑麦草和百喜草吸收89Sr的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用3.0和25.0 kGy剂量的60Coγ射线分别对供试土壤进行了辐照处理,以区分土壤中的内生菌根菌和其他土壤微生物;并以未经辐照处理的土壤为对照研究了土壤微生物对黑麦草和百喜草吸收89Sr的影响。结果表明:在对照土壤中黑麦草和百喜草根部内生菌根的侵染率分别为48.0%和28.0%,说明两种草均易与内生菌根菌形成内生菌根。尽管内生菌根菌和其他土壤微生物对黑麦草和百喜草的地上部分生物量没有明显影响,但它们都不同程度地降低了两种草对89Sr的吸收。 相似文献
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内蒙古盐碱土中AM真菌的多样性与分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在内蒙古盐碱土13种主要植物分离到3属26种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)22种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)3种,原囊霉属(Archaeospora)1种。地球囊霉(Glomus geosporum)和地表球囊霉(Glomus ver-siforme)是该区域盐碱土中的优势种。13种主要植物均能被AM真菌侵染,其中玉米和马蔺的侵染率最高,达100%;根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度范围为29~182个g-1烘干土,其中稻的孢子密度最高,达182个g-1烘干土;在不同土壤类型条件下植物的菌根侵染率具有明显的差异,其规律为草甸盐土>碱化盐土>盐化草甸土>碱化草甸土;根际土壤中孢子密度以碱化草甸土最高(101个g-1烘干土),其次为碱化盐土、草甸盐土和盐化草甸土。相关分析表明,根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度与菌根侵染率无显著相关性。 相似文献
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The effects of inoculation with two AM fungi (M1, Glomus caledonium; M2, Glomus spp. and Acaulospora spp.) and a fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. on growth and arsenic (As) uptake of Nicotiana tabacum L. were investigated in soils contaminated with a range of As. The reproduction of Aphelenchoides sp. was triggered by the co-inoculation of AM fungi regardless of AM fungal isolates and As levels. Stimulative effects of Aphelenchoides sp. on the development of mycorrhiza, slightly different between two AM fungi, were found particularly at the lowest As level. Irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculi, increasing soil As level decreased plant growth, but increased plant As uptake. Co-inoculation of AM fungi and Aphelenchoides sp. led plants to achieving further growth and greater As accumulation at the lowest As level. Results showed that the interactions between AM fungi and fungivorous nematodes were important in plant As tolerance and phytoextraction at low level As-polluted soil. 相似文献
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DEHP污染的两种土壤中接种丛枝菌根对豇豆生长和DEHP降解的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and degradation of DEHP in two contaminated soils, a yellow-brown soil and a red soil. The air-dried soils were uniformly sprayed with different concentrations of DEHP, inoculated or left uninoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and planted with cowpea seeds. After 60 days the positive impact of AM inoculation on the growth of cowpea was more pronounced in the red soil than in the yellow-brown soil, with significantly higher (P < 0.01) mycorrhizal colonization rate, shoot dry weight and total P content in shoot tissues for the red soil. Both in the yellow-brown and red soils, AM inoculation significantly (P < 0.01) reduced shoot DEHP content, implying that AM inoculation could inhibit the uptake and translocation of DEHP from roots to the aboveground parts. However, with AM inoculation no positive contribution to the degradation of DEHP was found. 相似文献
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选用肥熟旱耕人为土(黄棕壤),设置了在土壤中施加100 mg kg-1 DEHP与不施加DEHP两个水平,盆栽试验研究了DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性以及土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以及植物在污染土壤中的修复作用。结果表明,施加DEHP显著抑制了土壤脱氢酶活性,30 d时与对照相比降低了约30%, 第60 d时尽管有缓慢的回升,但仍明显低于对照(p<0.05)。从BIOLOG反应的结果可以看出,DEHP也显著影响土壤微生物的功能多样性,土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数和均度均显著低于无污染的对照,说明DEHP的污染导致了土壤微生物群落功能多样性的下降。种植植物对土壤脱氢酶和微生物活性有很明显的促进作用,并且在一定程度上缓解了DEHP的毒害作用,但并未消除DEHP对土壤微生物的影响。 相似文献
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二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌的分离和鉴定及其在污染土壤生物修复中的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) is a high-molecular-weight phthalate ester(PAE) that has been widely used in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride and contributes to environmental pollution.The objectives of the present study were to isolate a DEHP degrader that can utilize DEHP as a carbon source and to investigate its capacity to biodegrade DEHP in both liquid culture and soil.A bacterial strain WJ4 was isolated from an intensively managed vegetable soil,which was contaminated with PAEs.The strain WJ4 was affiliated to the genus Rhodococcus and was able to remove DEHP from soil effectively.A period of only 7 d was required to degrade about 96.4%of DEHP(200 mg L-1) in the liquid culture,and more than 55%of DEHP(1.0 g kg-1) in the artificially contaminated soil was removed within 21 d.Furthermore,Rhodococcus sp.strain WJ4 had a strong ability to degrade DEHP without additional nutrients in liquid minimal medium culture and DEHP-contaminated soil and to degrade the homologue of DEHP in both liquid culture and soil.Strain WJ4 represents a novel tool for removing PAEs from contaminated soils and it may have great potential for application in the remediation of environmental pollution by PAEs. 相似文献
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利用盆栽试验研究了水分胁迫下接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)对甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata)生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量对AM真菌接种效果有显著影响;不同水分条件下,接种AM真菌显著提高了甘草菌根侵染率和全株黄酮以及氮、磷含量。水分胁迫30 d,接种株POD活性和MDA含量显著降低,而土壤含水量为60%和80%时,接种株可溶性蛋白含量显著降低;水分胁迫60d,接种株SOD活性和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,土壤含水量为60%和80%时,接种株POD活性和可溶性糖含量显著升高,接种株叶绿素含量只在土壤含水量为60 %时显著升高。以胁迫60d土壤含水量为60 %时接种效果最佳。AM真菌可能通过提高宿主植物根系对土壤水分和矿质元素吸收以及改善植物体内生理活动、调节保护酶活性以提高其抗旱性,促进宿主植物生长。 相似文献
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AM真菌和施氮量对烟叶生长和部分矿质元素含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用土培试验研究了不同施N水平下接种AM真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)对烤烟不同叶位烟叶生长和部分矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,接种AM真菌提高了烟草根系菌根侵染率,增加了烟叶总干重,其中对下位烟叶效果明显。在低N水平下,接种AM真菌提高了烟叶中N、K、Fe含量,在下位叶表现尤为显著。较高N水平下,提高了P含量,在3个叶位都有体现。Mg含量随施N量增加而提高,但处理与对照间差异不明显。施氮量为0.05~0.2g/kg土时,AM真菌接种效果最佳。 相似文献
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The effects of collembolan grazing on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth were studied in a controlled experiment utilizing a mix of AM fungi and the dominant collembolan species (Isotoma sp.) indigenous to the experimental soil. Collembolan (+/– Col) effects were examined in the presence and absence of crop residue (+/– Litter) incorporated into the experimental soil. Significant interactions between collembolans and crop residue occurred for mycorrhizal colonization of roots and plant growth. In the absence of crop residue, collembolans reduced root length colonized by AM fungi, total plant dry mass and seed pod yield. However, in the presence of crop residue, collembolans had no effect on root colonization by AM fungi, and increased total plant mass and pod yield. Crop residue increased root colonization by AM fungi, numbers of bacteria and saprophytic fungi (colony forming units), small- (<5 m) and large- (>5 m) diameter hyphal lengths in soil, and the final population of collembolans in soil. Collembolans reduced both small- and large-diameter hyphae in soil and the number of saprophytic fungi (colony forming units, p =0.052). Feeding preference experiments conducted in vitro showed that Isotoma sp. preferred to graze on mycorrhizal roots over nonmycorrhizal roots when given no other food choice. However, when crop residue was added as a food choice, Isotoma sp. showed a clear feeding preference for crop residue. We conclude that collembolan grazing on mycorrhizae can be detrimental to plant growth when other fungal food sources are limited, but grazing on mycorrhizal fungi does not occur when ample organic matter and associated saprophytic fungi are present in soils. 相似文献