共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 749 毫秒
1.
中国西北地区次生盐碱水中NO2--N长期处于较高浓度,严重制约了盐碱水养殖产业的可持续发展。根据对甘肃省景泰县草窝滩渔农综合示范区（104°7''40″E,37°19''6″N）的定期定点监测,运用配对样本t检验、Duncan''s多重比较和Pearson相关性分析,研究了不同类型次生盐碱水体无机氮转化及其与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明：（1）次生盐碱水无机三态氮（NO2--N、NH4+-N、NO3--N）及总氮（TN）本底值高,全年均值分别是NO2--N（0.3±0.2）mg/L、NH4+-N（1.93±1.25）mg/L、NO3--N（2.92±1.5）mg/L、TN（13.91±5.85）mg/L;无机氮占TN比例不超过50%,说明有机氮在次生盐碱水体中所占比例更高;（2）环境因子pH与NO2--N正相关,与NO3--N负相关,盐度与NO3--N负相关,pH和盐度加剧了次生盐碱水NO2--N的积累;（3）水产养殖显著降低次生盐碱水体中NO3--N浓度和碳酸盐碱度,显示了盐碱水养殖对次生盐碱水的生态改良功能。本研究旨在为中国次生盐碱水的渔业开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
为比较单养、混养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)养殖池塘的水质与生物组成特点，采取水质分析、环境DNA与传统鉴别方法对草鱼单养、混养(80:20)两类池塘的水质变化、浮游生物、底栖生物、菌群结构进行了分析。结果表明，混养池塘的水质优于单养池塘，混养池塘水体中总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)的浓度比单养池塘分别低10.15%、3.78%、5.07%、80.18%，总磷(TP)和活性磷(SRP)的浓度分别低27.14%和56.26%；两类池塘中浮游植物均以绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、隐藻门(Cryptophyta)为优势种，但单养池塘中的藻类密度为30×106cells/L，低于混养池塘104×106cells/L；两类池塘中的浮游动物均以轮虫和原生动物为优势种，枝角类和桡足类生物数量较少，单养池塘中浮游动物密度高于混养池塘；在底栖动物方面，单养池塘存在螺类、水蚯蚓和摇蚊幼虫，而混养池塘仅有螺类和摇蚊幼虫。在菌群组成方面，单养池塘水体中以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势类群，混养池塘水体中以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势类群；但在两类池塘底泥中，均以变形菌门为优势类群。以上结果表明，草鱼混养有利于改善养殖池塘水质，增加浮游植物丰富度，改变养殖水体菌群的结构。本研究为优化草鱼池塘养殖结构，改善水质，构建高效池塘养殖模式提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
铜绿微囊藻对克氏原螯虾幼虾存活及成虾几种酶类的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究铜绿微囊藻对克氏原螯虾的影响,将克氏原螯虾幼虾及成虾暴露在不同浓度的铜绿微囊藻溶液中,研究了铜绿微囊藻对幼虾存活率、外部形态及肝胰腺超微结构的变化和成虾总血细胞密度(THCs)、血清中血蓝蛋白含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、酚氧化物酶(PO)以及鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明,(1) 高浓度的铜绿微囊藻能显著降低幼虾的存活率。(2) 显微观察表明,1.0×107/mL及以上浓度的铜绿微囊藻液中培养7 d后,幼虾肝胰腺呈现暗红色,并伴有一定的肿大现象,透射电镜显示其肝胰腺细胞受到损伤。(3) 高浓度的铜绿微囊藻能造成应激反应,THCs在暴露1 d后显著升高并稳定在较高水平;血蓝蛋白含量变化不明显,只在5 d时显著低于对照组(P<0.05),PO活性都表现出先显著性增强(P<0.01),回落后又有所增加的波动趋势;血清中的T-SOD活力在1 d后受到抑制,5 d时被激活至较高水平;POD活性都表现出先显著性增强(P<0.01),回落后又有所增加的波动趋势;鳃丝中Na+/K+-ATP酶活性在暴露1 d后显著降低(P<0.01)后回升,并最终维持在较高水平。研究结果表明,高浓度的铜绿微囊藻能造成克氏原螯虾幼虾存活率显著降低并影响其肝胰腺超微结构;而克氏原螯虾成虾对铜绿微囊藻有相对较强的耐受力,血淋巴的酶学变化表明,暴露在铜绿微囊藻水体的成虾经历过应激反应并有逐步适应的过程。 相似文献
4.
为了解复合垂直流人工湿地系统对海水养殖尾水中各形态氮的处理效果, 以及植物与不同基质层微生物群落特征的相似性和差异性, 以互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)-细砂-煤渣-碎石构建的复合垂直流人工湿地系统为研究对象, 研究了该系统对海水石斑鱼养殖尾水中 COD、NO3 – -N、NO2 – -N、NH4 + -N 和总氮(TN)的去除效果, 并采用高通量测序技术分析了植物根际和不同基质层微生物群落特征。结果表明, 复合垂直流人工湿地系统对污染物有较好的去除效果, 出水中 COD、NO3 – -N、NO2 – -N、NH4 + -N 和 TN 的平均浓度分别为 4.00 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, 0.16 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L, 0.64 mg/L。植物根际样品和细砂层样品的微生物群落丰富度和多样性较高, 与其他基质层样品具有明显差异; 在门分类水平上优势菌以变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门为主, 相对丰度分别为 53.7%、11.5%、11.9%、6.4%、3.7%; 在纲分类水平优势菌以 α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、放线菌纲和拟杆菌纲为主, 相对丰度分别为 30.1%、20.9%、11.9%、10.3%; 人工湿地中丰度最高的脱氮功能菌包括亚硝化单胞菌属、硝化螺菌属、 芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属; 系统中微生物代谢功能丰富, 且所有样品功能组成相似; 相同基质层样品的微生物群落组成差异较小, 二级湿地单元各基质层样品微生物群落的差异程度与一级湿地单元相比较小。 相似文献
5.
饲料中添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾抗感染和5种免疫基因表达的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为研究饲料中添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾抗副溶血弧菌感染能力和非特异性免疫基因表达水平的影响,以初体质量为(6.95±1.20)g的凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,在室内养殖箱进行3周的养殖实验和2周的副溶血弧菌人工感染实验;其中,对照组每日投喂普通商品饲料,实验组每日投喂在普通商品饲料中添加地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌(1:1)配制成的3组实验饲料,实验饲料中益生菌的终浓度为107 cfu/g。并采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,对保护率最高的地衣芽孢杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌实验组进行凡纳滨对虾相关免疫基因表达水平的分析。实验结果表明,在饲料中添加单一益生菌或复合益生菌均可显著提高对虾抗副溶血弧菌感染的能力(P<0.05),且复合益生菌的保护效果更佳,其相对免疫保护率为31.11%。感染副溶血弧菌后,地衣芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌实验组凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中的先天免疫缺陷基因(innate immune deficiency gene,IMD)、对虾素3a分子(penaiedin 3a)、酚氧化酶原(prophenoloxidase,proPO)、溶菌酶(Lysozyme,LZM)和甲壳素Crustin的mRNA的相对表达量均显著上调,且分别在18～24 h达到最大值。实验结果提示:饲料中添加芽孢杆菌可有效提高凡纳滨对虾抗副溶血弧菌感染的能力,这种能力的提高可能是通过增加抗病相关基因的表达量实现的。 相似文献
6.
为了解过水型湖荡群浮游植物群落与水质变化特征,探究望虞河西岸湖荡群浮游植物时空分布及其环境影响因子,基于生物多样性分析、Pearson线性相关性分析、冗余分析(RDA)方法,于2018年9月—2019年7月对望虞河西岸湖荡群(宛山荡、嘉凌荡、鹅真荡、漕湖)的浮游植物和水环境因子进行采样调查分析,结果表明：①四个湖荡水质均处于GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》V类~劣V类水平,超标指标为TN和CODCr,春季优于其他季节。 ②湖荡群共鉴定浮游植物8门68属152种(含变种、变形),其中硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门最多;主要优势种包括小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)等;年均生物量为13.48 mg/L,年均藻细胞密度为15.25×106 cells/L;湖荡群浮游植物多样性指数呈秋高夏低趋势,处于中污染型至重污染型的过渡状态,其中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数多介于2~3之间,Pielou均匀度指数为0.5~0.8,Margalef丰富度指数处于1~2之间。 ③Pearson相关性分析与RDA分析结果表明,影响浮游植物的主要环境因子为WT(水温)、NH4+-N和NO3--N。 研究显示,望虞河西岸湖荡群浮游植物空间分布不均、季节特征明显,与太湖相比,优势种相近且多样性指数较好,但湖荡群水质较差,建议持续监测并加强针对性措施。 相似文献
7.
利用生物膜的高效截留原理,设计了生物强化反应器,在装有弹性纤维载体的反应器内接种具有硝化反硝化作用的复合菌群,经6周左右的人工挂膜后,弹性纤维载体表面出现了肉眼可见的生物膜。试验以循环养殖废水为研究对象,探讨了不同水力停留时间(HRT)和温度(WT)对生物强化反应器净化水质效果的影响。结果显示,HRT和WT对生物强化反应器净化养殖废水效果的影响显著(P<0.05)。对HRT和WT各处理水平下的CODMn、TN和NH 4-N去除率进行差异显著性分析,并综合考虑反应器的运行时间、费用和操作等因素,选取HRT=18 h、WT=30 ℃作为反应器的最佳运行条件,在此条件下反应器稳定运行3周左右。试验期间,CODMn、TN及NH 4-N的平均去除率分别达44.18%、51.31%及82.08%。此外,还对反应器内载体表面的生物膜进行了可培养微生物数量动态监测。强化反应器在正式运行的25 d内,其生物膜上的可培养微生物数量不断增多,氨氧化细菌数量由35.91?104 CFU/mg增长到89.43?104 CFU/mg,硝化细菌数量由25.75?104 CFU/mg增长到61.65?104 CFU/mg,反硝化细菌数量由14.23?104 CFU/mg增长到100.95?104 CFU/mg;氨氧化细菌和硝化细菌在与氮素循环相关的可培养细菌中占据着主导地位(59.95%～81.25%)。脱氮细菌不断地吸附于载体表面,并成功地定殖和繁殖使得生物膜不断成熟和稳定(TN和NH 4-N去除率分别达51.31%及82.08%)。结果表明,生物强化反应器对循环养殖废水中CODMn、TN和NH 4-N的去除效果明显。 相似文献
8.
不同光强和温度对长石莼（缘管浒苔）光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用脉冲振幅调制叶绿素荧光仪对不同光照和温度条件下长石莼（缘管浒苔）光合作用和培养条件进行了优化。结果表明,长石莼（缘管浒苔）在25 ℃和72 μmol/(m2·s)条件下,其Fv/Fm、Fm、Fv和α值最高,分别高达0.74、4 567、3 406和0.305,低于该点为光不饱和,高于该点为光抑制,偏离越大,下降越显著（P<0.01）,其中在5 ℃和35 ℃时最小,分别是25 ℃最高值的32.24%~64.88%和22.99%~53.44%;光强为18 μmol/(m2·s)和216 μmol/(m2·s)时最小,其Fv/Fm、Fm、Fv和α值分别是25 ℃和72 μmol/(m2·s)条件下最高值的44.94%~82.62%和51.82%~76.72%。F0变化不太明显,5~30 ℃为先上升后下降或再上升变化趋势,35 ℃为先下降后上升变化趋势。拟合参数α显示,长石莼（缘管浒苔）在达到光饱和点前通过增加光能吸收来增强光合作用,在光抑制后则迅速减少。rETRmaxDuncan检验表明,高温/低温和高光强对长石莼（缘管浒苔）光合作用影响显著（P<0.01）。总体上看,长石莼（缘管浒苔）光合作用和生长适宜条件为15~25 ℃和54~72 μmol/(m2·s),过高或过低均不适宜。且温度排序为25>20>15>30>10>5>35 ℃,光照强度排序为72>54/108>36/162>18/216 μmol/(m2·s)。 相似文献
9.
肌注和口服氟苯尼考在中华鳖体内残留分析及药代动力学 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
研究不同给药条件下，氟苯尼考在中华鳖体内的残留及药代动力学特征。健康中华鳖160只，随机分为2组，按30 mg·kg-1剂量分别单次肌注或口服氟苯尼考，高效液相色谱法测定中华鳖血浆和肌肉药物残留浓度，利用3P87药代动力学软件分析数据。肌注和口服时均符合一室开放模型；肌注给药的动力学方程C=16.72(e-0.15t-e0.52t) ，主要药代动力学参数：AUC=76.45 μg·mL-1·h-1，吸收半衰期（T1/2Ka）=1.31 h，半衰期(T1/2Ke)=4.48 h，最高血药浓度Cmax=7.09 μg·L-1；口服给药的动力学
方程为C=39.99(e-0.19t-e0.4t)，主要药代动力学参数：AUC=109.42 μg·mL-1·h-1，吸收半衰期（T1/2Ka）=1.73 h，半衰期(T1/2Ke)=3.63 h，最高血药浓度Cmax=10.64 〗μg·L-1。实验结果表明，氟苯尼考口服情况下，在中华鳖体内吸收快，血药浓度高，维持时间长，生物利用度高；药物在肌肉中消除缓慢。 相似文献
10.
浮丝藻(Planktothrix) 是一种在我国水域中普遍存在, 可以引起蓝藻水华的水华藻之一,其代谢生成的二-甲基异莰醇 (2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB) 可导致水体产生令人厌恶的嗅和味,从而使饮用水感官质量下降。本文探讨了温度 (15-30℃),BG11营养盐浓度 (20-100% (w/v))和光照强度 (1000-4000 Lux)对分离于巢湖的浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.) FACHB-1372生长密度,总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量的影响。研究结果表明在所述实验条件范围内,温度对浮丝藻生长密度,总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著。25 ℃是浮丝藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×105 cell?ml-1,30 ℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量最高分别可达3.64×103 ng?L-1和2.78×103 ng?L-1；其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,但实验发现低浓度营养盐时,胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌；光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,强光照可促进2-MIB胞外释放,4000 Lux时其胞外2-MIB分泌量达最高。最后,依据实验结果为控制和预警浮丝藻过渡繁殖和嗅味物质释放提出了应对方法。 相似文献
11.
12.
Baskaralingam Vaseeharan Manju Sivalingam Ramasamy Palaniappan 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):97-105
This study focuses on the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) from medicinal plants against Pseudomonas sp isolated from aquatic environments, and proves its controlling efficacy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐Dahp1 using Confocal Laser scanning Microscopy. Twenty‐seven Pseudomonas spp. (Ps 1–Ps 27) were isolated using King's B medium and the selected P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1 was confirmed using 16S r‐DNA methods. Antimicrobial activity of 10 EOs was determined using agar well and disc diffusion methods. Ten EOs were extracted with six solvents and the crude extracts were tested against the Pseudomonas spp. through disc diffusion method. Among 10 EOs tested, maximum inhibitory activity was noted in EOs of Wringtia tinctoria against the P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1 in the disc diffusion method. The MIC values (concentrations were expressed in Weight/Volume) of the EOs range from 0.5 to 9.054 mg mL?1. The EO of W. tinctoria showed the maximum activity at the concentration (w/v) of 2.060 mg mL?1. The EO of W. tinctoria with chloroform extract showed the maximum inhibition against P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1. The CLSM proves the control and viability of 1 × 105 CFU mL?1 of P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1 at a lower concentration (2.720 mg) of EOs with chloroform extracts of W. tinctoria. This study pivots for designing of new drugs using EOs of W. tinctoria against Pseudomonades in the aquaculture sites. 相似文献
13.
Gopalakrishnan Vinoj Baskaralingam Vaseeharan Baranabas DavidJayaseelan Perumal Rajakumaran Cyril Ravi 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(5):1121-1135
In aquaculture industries, there is an urgent need to develop microbial control strategies, to control disease outbreaks. In recent years, probiotics are considered as a valid alternative for the use of antibiotics in aquaculture to prevent high mortality and promote growth. In the present study, seven strains of bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis (DAB1), Bacillus pumilus (DAB2), Bacillus sp. (DAB3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DAP1), Pseudomonas sp. (DAP2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DAP3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DAP4), and three pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (DAV1, DAV2, DAV3) were isolated from healthy and diseased Fenneropenaeus indicus collected from the east coast of Tamilnadu, India. The strains were identified by biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA sequence methods. Among the seven probiotic strains tested, the cell-free extract from DAB1 and DAP1 exhibited higher inhibitory activity of V. parahaemolyticus than other isolates under in vitro conditions. The LC50 of DAV1, DAV2, and DAV3 was found to be ～103 CFU mL?1. Pathogenicity of three V. parahaemolyticus DAV1, DAV2, and DAV3 showed significant mortalities (40 %) in Artemia nauplii at inoculation densities of 103 CFU mL?1 when compared to the controls (unchallenged nauplii). A significant reduction in mortality (P < 0.001) was found by addition of 106 CFU mL?1 of DAB1 and DAP1 strains in nauplii against the pathogens. In conclusion, the present study result reveals that DAB1 and DAP1 have potential applications for controlling pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in Artemia culture systems and aquaculture practices. 相似文献
14.
Effect of light limitation on the water quality,bacterial counts and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae reared with biofloc at low salinity 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Héctor M Esparza‐Leal Ely S López‐Álvarez Jesús T Ponce‐Palafox Josué A Melendrez‐Soto Marco A Medina‐Astorga Antonio Luna‐González Wenceslao Valenzuela‐Quiñónez Píndaro Álvarez‐Ruiz Gerardo Rodríguez‐Quiroz 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(8):4371-4379
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light limitation on the water quality, bacterial counts and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae reared with biofloc at low salinity (≈9 g L?1). Two treatments were designed: T1 = culture with natural sunlight and T2 = culture in darkness. After 28 days, in both treatments, the final weight of shrimp was over 0.6 g with a specific growth rate over 7.4% d?1, and a survival rate over 70%. In both treatments, Vibrio sp. concentration presented low values (culture with natural sunlight = 0.1 to 9.9 × 102 CFU mL?1, culture in darkness = 0.4 to 11.7 × 102 CFU mL?1) and Bacillus sp. had high values (culture with natural sunlight = 0.7 to 66.0 × 104 CFU mL?1, culture in darkness = 0.7 to 65.8 × 104 CFU mL?1). All water quality parameters remained within the ranges suitable for shrimp culture, except for alkalinity during the first stage of the study. Although in some sampling periods some significant differences were found in bacterial counts and water quality parameters, shrimp productive performance under culture with biofloc at low salinity was not affected significantly by light limitation. 相似文献
15.
Effect of Bacillus cereus as a water or feed additive on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Miao Wang Guanbin Liu Maixin Lu Xiaoli Ke Zhigang Liu Fengying Gao Jianmeng Cao Huaping Zhu Mengmeng Yi Deguang Yu 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):3163-3173
We evaluated the effects of Bacillus cereus, as an additive in water and feed, on the gut microbiota and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experiments were performed in tanks and net cages respectively. Experiment 1: Tilapia were housed in tanks for 42 days, and B. cereus was added to the water at 1.0 × 104 cfu mL?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 ×105 cfu mL?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Experiment 2: Tilapia were housed in cages for 42 days, and the feed was supplemented with B. cereus at 1.0 × 107 cfu g?1 (Treatment 1) and 1.0 × 108 cfu g?1 (Treatment 2) weekly. For the control, no probiotic was added. Each treatment contained three replicates, with 50 male tilapias per replicate. The fish from the probiotic treatments in both tank and cage experiments had significantly higher serum lysozyme and peroxidase activities than the control. In the cage experiment, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase activities in tilapia were significantly higher in probiotic treatments compared with the control. The results of polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus supplementation in the feed and water affected the autochthonous gut bacteria community of tilapia and stimulated various potentially beneficial bacteria. Therefore, B. cereus, as a water or feed additive, could enhance the immune status and affect the gut microbiota of tilapia. Bacillus cereus was more effective as a feed supplement rather than a water additive for enhancing the immune status of tilapia. 相似文献
16.
Ramos Cassio de Oliveira da Silva Francisco Carlos Gray Matthew Gomes Carlos Henrique Araujo de Miranda De Melo Claudio Manoel Rodrigues 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(4):2165-2178
The present study evaluated the effect of initial stocking density and water recirculation rate on larval yield (percent of initially stocked larvae alive at the end of the experiment) and production of competent larvae (percent of initially stocked larvae alive at the end of the experiment retained on a sieve with mesh size 239 μm) of Crassostrea gigas in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). Different initial larval stocking densities (80, 160 and 320 larvae mL?1) and water flow rates (100, 200 and 300 mL min?1, totalling renewal rates of 60, 120 and 180 times day?1 of water volume in culture tanks, respectively) were evaluated in 2.4-L tanks using a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme. The physicochemical parameters of the water (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity) were stable in all treatments during the experimental period. Our results demonstrated that the production of C. gigas larvae was feasible at the proposed densities. However, the water renewal rate affected both yield and competent larvae in the recirculation aquaculture system. Oyster cultures with densities of 160 larvae mL?1 and flow of water of 300 mL min?1 showed the best yield (89.34 ± 18.43%) and rate of competent larvae (84.09 ± 16.38%) and are therefore recommended with the aim of optimizing larvae cultivation.
相似文献17.
SNM Mandiki Sylvain Milla Neil Wang Gersande Blanchard Thierry Djonkack Stphane Tanascaux Patrick Kestemont 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(5):693-703
Two experiments were conducted to examine whether a mixture of bacteria composed of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus has a beneficial impact on survival, growth, lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulins (Ig) in perch larvae. In experiment 1, control fish were compared with fish receiving bacteria (4.93 × 107 CFU L−1 day−1) through tank water or both through tank water and Artemia metanauplii enriched with two bacteria doses (2 × 1010 or 4 × 1010 CFU L−1). Treatments were performed in 40 L triplicate tanks of 200 fish [initial body weight (IBW)=2.3 mg] each, placed in separated recirculating water systems. Experiment 2 evaluated the combining effects of bacteria feeding and densities (10 vs. 20 fish L−1, IBW=9.5 mg). In both experiments, the bacteria added to live food or both live food and water induced higher growth rate at the highest dietary dose and this was associated with higher Ig levels on days 14 and 28. In experiment 2, higher survival was associated to lower type‐2 cannibalism (ingestion of whole prey) at the two dietary bacteria doses, and such positive effect was observed for fish fed bacteria at high density. Bacteria administration through water had no effect on growth and survival. In conclusion, the results show that high dietary concentrations of the mixture of bacteria used have potential stimulating impact on growth, survival, lysozyme activity and total Ig. But, further investigations are needed to demonstrate the optimal doses for emphasizing immune defence status. 相似文献
18.
Optimization of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) seed culture using recirculation aquaculture systems 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By introducing recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) in the nursery phase of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) (17–18 mm), we aimed at a similar growth and survival and a similar water quality compared to the commonly used flow‐through systems (FTS). To calculate water flow and size of the biofilter, a series of experiments were done to determine clearance rate (9.26 mL min?1), pseudo faeces threshold (60 000 cells Pavlova lutheri mL?1), nitrogen production (0.00065 mg TAN h?1 ind?1 and 1.6 × 10?5 mg NO2–N h?1 ind?1) and oxygen consumption (0.03 ± 0.01 mg O2 h?1 ind?1). RAS showed no significant differences in water quality (0.06 mg TAN L?1; 7.7 mg O2 L?1) and growth performance of mussel seed specific growth rate (SGR = 5% day?1) after the experimental period of 4 weeks compared with FTS. The low water refreshment, 10% per day, as well as the constant chlorophyll concentrations (9.76 ± 1.06 μg L?1), suggests the potential of RAS as culture system for mussel seed. 相似文献
19.
凤眼莲对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了凤眼莲种植水抽滤液、不同部位的活体凤眼莲和干体凤眼莲的甲醇和丙酮提取物对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用。结果表明：凤眼莲种植水抽滤液及不同部位的提取液均对铜绿微囊藻产生一定的化感抑制作用,并降低了稳定期的铜绿微囊藻产量。10%、50%、100%种植水抽滤液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别81.06%、89.23%和89.78%。凤眼莲不同部位的甲醇和丙酮提取液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制强度不同,其中以根部的甲醇提取液效果最佳。由此得出：凤眼莲作为杀藻剂的材料具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
20.
Sperm concentrations were assessed for milt samples taken from three stocks of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., (wild resident trout, and reconditioned and seareared sea trout) using direct counts, spermatocrit and an optical density of 1:1000 dilutions. There were significant linear relationships between spermatocrit and absorbance, and both spermatocrit and absorbance with sperm concentration. The results gave sperm concentrations from 2.2 × 109 mL?1 to 26 × 109 mL?1. Mean concentrations differed significantly between stocks; the reconditioned males had a mean concentration of 9.1 × 109 mL?1, sea-reared males 18.0 × 109 mL?1 and 8.0 × 109 mL?1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively, and wild resident males 13.3 × 109 mL?1. Sperm concentrations from all three stocks of trout were negatively correlated with length, and therefore, age. It was indicated that sufficient milt was being produced to achieve good rates of fertilization, although some of the larger trout did have low sperm counts, suggesting that fertilizing ability may decrease with male size or age within any one stock. 相似文献