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大花月季白粉病发生情况研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给大花月季白粉病的预防提供理论依据,选取河南省南阳市常见的7个大花月季品种作为试验材料,对这7个大花月季品种白粉病的发生情况进行了调查,并对其抗性进行了对比分析结果发现:‘摩纳哥公主’属白粉病高抗品种,‘亚历克红’和‘希望’均属白粉病中抗品种,‘金凤凰’与‘香欢喜’均属白粉病感病品种,‘梅郎口红’与‘查克红’属白粉病严重感病品种;月季白粉病受温湿度的影响极为明显,5月为白粉病发病初期,6—8月气温较高,白粉病发病率较低,9—10月气温降低、温差增大,是月季生长的最佳时期,但此时也最容易发生白粉病,11月发病率明显下降。 相似文献
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常用藤本月季品种综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
月季具有花期长、色彩丰富、适应性强等特点深受人们喜爱,特别是藤本月季除了具有一般月季的特点外,还可以做花墙、花环、花球、花柱等优美造型,因此,被广泛运用在园林绿化中。2003年,项目研究小组制定实施方案。跟踪调查‘吉星高照’、‘读书台’、‘花仙’、‘银河’、‘华夏’、‘白河’、‘溪水’、‘嫦娥奔月’、‘夏令营’、‘红卧龙’、等藤本月季性状特征、抗逆性等,掌握各品种的生态习性;并从花色、花期、花量、抗逆性等方面对各品种进行综合评价,为园林绿化选择提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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对3个微型月季品种‘果汁’‘W-7’‘W-9’在泥炭与椰糠组成的5种不同配比基质下栽培的生长状况进行了比较,分别测定了其各项形态指标、生物量、花发育状况及叶绿素含量等生理指标。当基质中泥炭体积含量在75%与50%时,微型月季植株生长状况好于其他基质配比。虽泥炭、椰糠体积比为75%∶25%时,品种‘W-9’在株高和生物量上略高于使用泥炭、椰糠体积为50%∶50%的基质,但无显著性差异,综合生产成本与环境等因素,本文认为泥炭、椰糠在体积配比为50%∶50%时,可作为微型月季盆花生产的优质基质配比。 相似文献
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月季株型优美、花色丰富多样、花期长,是历史悠久且深受大众喜爱的园林景观植物。在华南地区多年对月季适应性研究筛选的基础上,以第27届广州园林博览会月季主题花园为研究对象,探讨了其设计理念与总体构思,重点阐述了其主题突出,展示品种丰富,多层次月季生态景观营造,精细化种植与管养等特色亮点,在实践中筛选出‘绯扇’‘粉扇’‘蓝河’‘皇家胭脂’‘玫昂小姐’等适应性强且观赏价值高的品种。基于对月季应用中主要问题的梳理,提出了加强耐湿耐热品种选育,丰富景观结构层次与应用形式,提高养护管理水平等建议。 相似文献
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低维护月季以颜值高、花量大、自洁性好、抗病虫害能力强,越来越受到消费者的关注和认可。本研究借鉴国际评价标准——全美月季优选奖AARS及北京月季协会评分方法和标准,采用百分制评价赋值方法,通过对国内不同地区引种的24个丰花月季品种进行为期2 a观测、记录,依据多年的科研、生产实践,实地走访当地月季种植企业,对绿化养护工人开展问卷调查,并聘请国内知名月季专家,对各性状评价指标重要性排序、评审和修订,最终形成16个评价指标、赋值标准,筛选出5个低维护丰花月季品种‘红色重瓣绝代佳人’‘阳光玫迪兰’‘樱桃伯尼卡’‘摩纳哥公爵’‘遥远的鼓声’,通过该方法评价筛选出来的月季品种不仅可以指导南阳市园林应用,降低管护成本,还可为杂交育种选育更加优良的亲本。 相似文献
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杭州地区15种丰花月季品种综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用层次分析法从观赏性状、生态学适应性和抗性等方面对杭州地区引进的15种丰花月季品种进行综合评价。结果表明:花期、花量、开花能力为影响综合价值的主要因素;根据综合评价分值将15种丰花月季品种分为4级,Ⅰ级(综合评价分值4.00)4种,Ⅱ级(3.50~4.00)6种,Ⅲ级(3.00~3.50)3种,Ⅳ级(≤3.00)2种。推荐‘仙境’、‘神奇’、‘金玛莉’、‘柔情似水’、‘桔红潮’、‘霍尔恩’、‘欢笑’、‘粉红潮’、‘金盏花’、‘火王’等10个品种为杭州地区较适合栽培应用的丰花月季种类。 相似文献
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《西部林业科学》2019,(5)
采用常规压片法,对12个藤本月季品种染色体进行核型分析,为藤本月季杂交育种和种质创新提供细胞学依据。结果表明,(1)12个藤本月季品种共有2种不同倍性:染色体基数为x=7,染色体数目为2n=14,28,除了‘粉铃铛’是二倍体(2n=2x=14)外,其余均是四倍体(2n=4x=28)。未发现随体染色体,染色体类型中含有m,sm;(2)12个藤本月季品种核型包括1A、1B、2B,其中‘粉铃铛’‘爱娃’‘詹森’‘海格瑞’的核型为1B型;‘情书’‘渔夫的好友’的核型为2B型;其余品种均为1A型;(3)核型不对称系数变化在52.52%-57.68%,为此推测藤本月季品种中,‘蜂蜜焦糖’最原始而‘渔夫的好友’进化最先进;(4)最长染色体/最短染色体在1.64-2.37之间;(5)不同品种间染色体核型存在甚微差异,说明它们之间亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
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为比较4个藤本月季品种对低温胁迫的响应机制,于2017年12月下旬对‘大游行’‘金秀娃’‘御用马车’‘光谱’的1 a生枝条进行了冷冻试验,从相同时间不同温度和相同温度不同时间2个方面对其抗寒性进行研究,并测定4个藤本月季品种在低温胁迫下的生理指标及低温处理后恢复生长能力情况,同时利用主成分分析法与隶属性分析法对各个品种的抗寒性进行综合评价。结果表明:相同时间不同温度胁迫下,‘大游行’和‘御用马车’的抗寒最大阈值温度为-30℃、-20～-30℃之间,‘金秀娃’和‘光谱’在-10～-20℃之间;相同温度不同时间胁迫下,‘大游行’‘御用马车’‘金秀娃’‘光谱’可保持生命力的时间分别为48～56 h、40～48 h、40 h、32 h;4个品种中‘大游行’抗寒性最强,‘御用马车’其次,‘金秀娃’和‘光谱’抗寒性接近,相对较差,建议将‘大游行’向河北以北地区引进种植。 相似文献
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Benjamin O. Knapp G. Geoff Wang Stacy L. Clark Lauren S. Pile Scott E. Schlarbaum 《New Forests》2014,45(2):283-293
Backcross breeding programs have been used to transfer disease resistance and other traits from one forest tree species to another in order to meet restoration objectives. Evaluating the field performance of such material is critical for determining the success of breeding programs. In eastern North America, The American Chestnut Foundation has a backcross breeding program that uses Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) to introduce resistance of the fungal pathogen chestnut blight [Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.] to the native American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.]. We compared physiological and morphological characteristics among seedlings of American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, and BC1F3, BC2F3, and BC3F3 hybrid chestnuts during their fourth growing season after field-planting. American chestnut and the BC3F3 breeding generation displayed photosynthetic light-response curves that were similar to each other but different from Chinese chestnut. Rates of photosynthesis were higher for American chestnut and the BC3F3 breeding generation when compared to Chinese chestnut for light levels ≥800 μmol m?2 s?1 photosynthetic photon flux density and for maximum photosynthetic capacity. Leaf morphology variables were not different between American chestnut and any of the breeding generations, but leaf area (on a per leaf basis) of Chinese chestnut was lower than that of any other chestnut type. Our results suggest that backcross breeding can be used to transfer desirable traits for restoration of native species threatened by non-native pathogens. 相似文献
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Cornelia C. Pinchot Scott E. Schlarbaum Stacy L. Clark Arnold M. Saxton Ami M. Sharp Callie J. Schweitzer Frederick V. Hebard 《New Forests》2017,48(4):491-512
There has been an increased interest in tree breeding for resistance to exotic pests and pathogens, however relatively little research has focused on the reintroduction of these tree species. Understanding the durability of resistance in field settings and the field performance of improved trees is critical for successful species reintroduction. To evaluate methods for reintroducing American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh] to managed forests on the Cumberland Plateau, we quantified four-year survival and growth and three-year competitive ability of chestnut seedlings planted on the Daniel Boone National Forest in southeastern Kentucky, USA. We used a split-plot design to compare chestnut response among three silvicultural treatments spanning a gradient of light levels; midstory removal, thinning, and shelterwood with reserves (2, 24, and 65% available photosynthetically active radiation, respectively) and three chestnut breeding types; American, Chinese (C. mollissima Blume.), and BC2F3 hybrid. One of two hybrid families planted had similar survival to American chestnuts, 21 and 27% survival, respectively, while the other had better survival, 57%. Chinese chestnut survival was better than the other breeding generations (90%). High mortality among American and hybrid chestnut seedlings was likely caused by infection from Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Incidence of blight infection was low. While chestnut seedling growth was greatest in the high-light treatment, competitive ability of chestnut, evaluated by comparing planted seedling height to height of understory competitors, was maximized in the intermediate light treatment. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating competition pressure from co-occurring vegetation and field performance of resistant genotypes when assessing methods for reintroducing tree species to forested settings. 相似文献
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加勒比松及其杂种的无性繁殖 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
加勒比松自引进我国已有近40年的历史,表现出速生丰产、产脂高、适应性强等优良特性,但加勒比松及杂种良种供应量明显不足。主要原因是引进的加勒比松开花结实晚,种子产量低;另一原因是进口的杂交良种价格昂贵。针对以上问题,文中指出除继续大力开发我国自己的加勒比松与湿地松种间和加勒比松种内杂交技术外,还应加强研究加勒比松及其杂交种的无性繁殖技术。通过回顾加勒比松的无性繁殖技术的进展状况,重点指出要学习澳大利亚等国的先进的扦插繁殖技术,形成一套成熟的加勒比松的无性繁殖技术。同时还应大力发展加勒比松及杂种体细胞胚胎发生技术。 相似文献
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平欧杂交榛子不同基质压条繁育试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
平欧杂交榛子是具有广阔发展前途的经济林树种,具有很高的推广价值,但平欧杂交榛子苗木繁育方法单一,利用基质——锯末子进行压条繁育是主要的繁育方法。由于锯末子较为紧缺,价格也是逐年上涨,所以对平欧杂交榛子进行了玉米糊、稻壳等不同基质的苗木繁育对比试验研究,得出,大果榛子的苗木繁育有多种基质可供选择。 相似文献
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Gert J van den Berg Steven D Verryn Paxie W Chirwa Francois van Deventer 《Southern Forests》2018,80(1):9-19
Conventionally, Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla (GU) hybrid material is first tested as seedlings in progeny trials for at least four years before ortets are selected and ramets of the selected ortets are propagated to test in clonal trials. The primary constraint with this ‘conventional hybrid breeding strategy’ (CHBS) is the time required to first test the hybrid material as seedlings. In order to address this, an ‘accelerated hybrid breeding strategy’ (AHBS) was investigated to reduce the time spent on testing GU hybrid material as seedlings. However, it is of utmost importance to quantify the impact the AHBS might have on genetic gains and genetic information. With this in mind, two clonal populations have been established with genetic material that derived from the CHBS and the AHBS. The main purpose of this study was to do a comparative study between the CHBS and AHBS, firstly to quantify the genetic gains per unit time for GU hybrid clonal populations that have been derived from the CHBS and AHBS respectively, and secondly to obtain genetic parameters such as heritabilities, the ratio of dominance, clonal within family variance, and the proportion of additive and non-additive genetic variance. The results indicated that the percentage realised volume gains per year was higher for the AHBS (3.7%) than for the CHBS (1.9%) when compared with the GU commercial clone. Thus, shortening the testing time of GU seedlings had a positive impact on volume gains per year. With regard to genetic parameters, both the AHBS and CHBS clonal populations indicated that non-additive genetic variation explained the majority (88% and 71%, respectively) of the genetic variation. Due to the pre-eminence of non-additive genetic variation, the narrow-sense heritabilties for the female and male effects were negligible for both clonal populations. Overall, the majority of the non-additive genetic variation was explained by the proportion of dominance variance, and less by the clone within family effect. These results suggest that, firstly, the time spent on testing GU hybrid material as seedlings should be minimised and, secondly, a hybrid breeding strategy to capture non-additive genetic variation should be adopted. 相似文献
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能源植物乌桕杂种苗期形态与光合特性及分子鉴别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着化石能源的日益枯竭,发展以生物柴油为代表的可再生生物质能源,对缓解能源紧张和保障能源安全具有十分重要的意义。乌桕是生物柴油的优质原料树种,但中国乌桕产量普遍较低。因此,开展高产乌桕品种选育相关研究具有十分重要的意义。笔者以大悟县优良地方乌桕品种葡萄桕（py）,鸡爪桕（jy）及其杂种（hy）为材料,对它们的形态学特征... 相似文献
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通过对不同类型插穗和不同处理方式的沙棘良种嫩枝扦插育苗的成活率、生根率、根系生长量、高生长量影响的试验和对不同类型温室育苗成本的核算比较 ,总结形成了一套科学方便、经济实用的沙棘良种模式化繁育技术。 相似文献
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【目的】为充分利用杂种优势,从白蜡杂交种中筛选出优良耐盐株系,【方法】采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同浓度NaCl(0‰、2‰、4‰、6‰)胁迫对绒毛白蜡新品种‘青碧’不同半同胞家系子代苗的生长量、膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及叶绿素含量的影响,并结合隶属函数法综合评价4个白蜡杂交组合一年生苗的抗盐能力强弱。【结果】1)盐胁迫抑制了各半同胞家系子代的生长量,随着NaCl浓度的提高,各组杂交苗的苗高增长量、地径增长量均呈下降趋势,其中68号、70号杂交苗的下降幅度相对较小;盐胁迫对不同亲本的杂交子代生理指标的影响不一致:2)膜透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量均呈现出逐渐升高的趋势,68号杂交苗的膜透性及MDA含量受影响最小,70号杂交苗的脯氨酸含量增长幅度最大;各组杂交苗的SOD活性变化规律不一致,70号杂交苗的SOD活性增长幅度最大,其次为68号;3)叶绿素含量变化也无一致规律,在6‰浓度下,68号杂交苗的叶绿素含量最高。【结论】利用隶属函数法对4组杂交子代苗的耐盐性进行综合评价,各杂交材料耐盐性强弱顺序为:68号> 70号> 69号>‘青碧’半同胞。研究结果可为选育白蜡优良耐盐新品种提供理论依据和种质材料。 相似文献