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1.
对洞庭湖西岸区4种防护林地土壤与植物中微量元素含量进行研究。结果表明:(1)环湖低丘平原封山育林和补植封山育林的水土保持林、平原湖区防护林土壤pH值为4.54~5.27,呈酸性反应;防浪护堤林土壤pH值为8.18,呈碱性反应。(2)全Cu、全Fe、全Zn以环湖低丘平原补植封山育林水土保持林土壤含量最高;全Mn、全Cd、全Ni、全Pb却以防浪护堤林土壤含量最高;全Co则以环湖低丘平原封山育林水土保持林土壤含量最高。(3)4种防护林土壤微量元素含量均表现为FeMnZnNiCuPbCoCd,Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量均未超过国家规定的三级标准;各防护林群落中植物体内不同微量元素含量差异很大,同一元素在不同植物体内含量的变化范围亦很大。(4)植物对土壤中Cd的吸收能力最强,对Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb其次,对Fe最弱;木本植物青冈、冬青和山矾具有较强的Cd积累能力。研究结果可为土壤环境质量评价及防护林体系建设提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
八达岭林场水源涵养林多样性特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对八达岭林场16种林分类型水源涵养林物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度等多样性特征指标进行了研究。结果表明:在西沟油松林、杂木林和黑桦林中多样性指数变化表现为灌木草本乔木,在其他群落类型中多样性指数与丰富度指数一致;多样性指数在刺槐残次林、侧柏黄栌混交林、油松林、元宝枫林和华山松林中表现为草本层灌木层乔木层,华北落叶松林群落内部各层次物种多样性指数为灌木层草本层乔木层。 相似文献
3.
我省50年代开始建立以防浪林为主的生物防洪工程,70年代初,防浪护堤林体系在整个洞庭湖区形成。决定防护林效益的主要因素是林带林冠的稠密程度,调查按其结构与形状各划分为四种类型,并按其分布作出评价。防浪护堤林的防护效益和经济效益是多方面的,文中进行了翔实的论述,还提出了值得注意的问题。 相似文献
4.
贵州省马尾松林分树种多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《西部林业科学》2016,(3)
以贵州马尾松10-60年生天然林和人工林为研究对象,采用Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数,对不同起源、不同龄组、不同密度、不同干扰程度的马尾松林分的乔木树种多样性进行分析。结果表明,选取样地Shannon-Wiener指数平均值为0.656 0,Simpson指数平均值为0.332 5。马尾松天然林的林分多样性表现优于人工林,马尾松中龄林和近熟林的物种丰富度和多样性均优于马尾松成熟林和幼龄林,马尾松密度为660~1 950株/hm2的林分多样性指数和物种丰富度指数表现最优,马尾松林分干扰程度等级为3的林分多样性指数和物种丰富度指数均值最大。样地中大部分林分树种多样性及物种丰富度不高,生态优势度偏低。 相似文献
5.
封山育林是恢复植被的重要技术措施.进行6年封山育林试验研究,分析封山育林期间植被覆盖率、郁闭度、植物丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度、生态优势度等数量特征变化,土壤肥力和水土保持作用的动态变化状况,以及不同树种补植效果.封山育林增加植被覆盖度达20％,郁闭时间缩短30％以上,增加了植物丰富度,提高了土壤肥力,有效防止水土流失.顶果木(Acrocarpus frxnifolius)、任豆(Zenia insignis)、银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)、吊丝竹(Dendrocalamus minor)等树种补植效果好. 相似文献
6.
对小兴安岭东折棱河林场2种不同类型的红松林——椴树红松林和云冷杉红松林进行调查,应用重要值、辛普森多样性指数(Simpson’s diversity index)和香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Weiner index)对2种不同红松林乔灌草三层的生物多样性进行了分析和比较。结果认为,云冷杉红松林总体物种丰富度、信息量、生物多样性指数均高于椴树红松林。 相似文献
7.
水松是我国特有的树种,现存面积不大。它具有耐水湿,生长快,材质好,根系发达,树形优美,抗风力强等优点,宜作抗风防浪护堤和美化庭园风景树种,是平原水网地区主要用材树种和防护林树种。8年生水松试验林平均树高11.9m,平均直径11.1cm,树高、直径年平均生长1.49m和1.38cm。目前已试验总结出一套育苗造林栽培技术,对抗风防浪护堤效能作了深入调查研究,得出初步成果。应有效保护和加速发展水松这一树种。 相似文献
8.
为了解燕山北部山地华北落叶松人工林植被物种多样性维持功能的高低，选取13a和30a生人工落叶松林，以13a和28a生天然次生杨桦林作为对照，对两种林分的植被多样性进行调查和分析，并研究了间伐对人工落叶松林植被物种多样性的影响。结果表明，林龄相同或相近的两种林分类型相比，无论是乔木层、灌木层或是草本层，人工落叶松林丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon—Weiner指数均表现出相当或略高于天然次生杨桦林（30a生人工落叶松林乔木层多样性指数除外）；间伐对人工落叶松林植被物种多样性的短期影响主要体现在乔木层，对林下灌木层和草本层无明显影响。燕山北部山地人工落叶松林具有较高的植物多样性维持功能，没有导致物种多样性的降低。 相似文献
9.
《林业与环境科学》2021,(4)
为了研究3 种不同林龄人工林群落植物组成及其多样性特征,在广东省化州市选取了不同年龄的尾叶桉Eucalyptus robusta林、湿地松Pinus elliottii林和混交林各3 个。通过样地调查法,分析其物种组成,生物多样性特征和物种耐阴性特征。结果表明:调查样地有维管束植物150 种,分隶58科111属,3 种不同林龄人工林林下植物组成种类差异显著。林下植被物种多样性指数都体现出混交林尾叶桉林湿地松林的趋势。40 年混交林的草本层物种多样性指数最低。同一林分不同层次间的物种耐阴性指数表现为草本层灌木层乔木层,不同林分类型则表现为混交林湿地松林尾叶桉林。由此可知,桉树林物种多样性并不比同是外来树种的湿地松林低,营造人工混交林有利于提高林下植物物种多样性,也有利于林分向地带性森林群落演替。 相似文献
10.
《浙江林业科技》2014,(1)
通过380个浙江省生态公益林中常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、松林、杉木林4种主要森林群落的典型样地调查,对不同群落类型物种多样性的时空格局进行研究,结果表明:在空间格局上不同群落类型物种多样性存在较大差异,乔木层多样性指数以针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为最高;针阔混交林的下木层物种数最高,其次是常绿阔叶林,但下木层各指数在各林型间均无显著差异;杉木林下草本层物种数指数最高,松林草本层各项指数都最低。从时间格局分析,不同群落类型的多样性指数随年龄变化各不相同,常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层物种数在幼龄-中龄-近熟阶段趋势一致,均为先大幅增加然后略有下降,两种针叶林型的物种数都相对稳定;4种主要群落类型的乔木层Simpson生态优势度指数D,常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林随时间变化趋势一致,均为先增加后略有下降再增加,且显著高于同年龄级的针叶林;常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′随时间各异,但都极显著高于同年龄级针叶林的指数。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林群落物种组成丰富、多样性指数高,是浙江省生态公益林的理想群落与目的群落。 相似文献
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12.
开林窗与封禁对华北落叶松林下植被多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以木兰林管局典型的华北落叶松林为研究对象,对其采取开林窗、封禁等改造措施,采用样方法进行野外调查,通过丰富度、生态优势度、多样性、均匀度指数,分析不同经营措施下的生物多样性及样地的物种组成。结果表明:开林窗面积中等及较小的样地各生物多样性指数均呈上升趋势,且高于对照,而开林窗面积较大样地的Pielou均匀度指数成降低趋势;封育区的Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与均匀度指数均大于对照区,而封育区的Margalef丰富度指数虽然呈上升趋势,但仍小于对照区;该实验区林下植被的优势物种为乌苏里苔草。 相似文献
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14.
对广东省东莞清溪林场短萼仪花(Lysidice brevicalyx Wei)群落的群落结构及其多样性特点和土壤肥力状况进行了研究。共设置了8个400m2的样方,4个样方设置于连片分布的沟谷林中,其余4个样方设置在山坡上零散分布的大树周围。在调查样方中共记录了维管植物142种,隶属于68科103属。沟谷片生林样方的Shan-non指数高于散生树丛群落,山坡散生树丛样方的物种丰富度和均匀度指数高于沟谷林群落,相似性指数为0.41。两类群落的短萼仪花种群均缺乏小苗和幼树,种群结构呈衰退型。现有短萼仪花群落的土壤肥力与邻近的灌草丛群落相近,但较东莞市荔枝园和人工林地稍高。 相似文献
15.
Todd E. Ristau 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(6):970-979
Shelterwood seed cutting in conjunction with herbicide site preparation has proven effective at regenerating Allegheny hardwood forests, but the long-term impact of this silvicultural system on herbaceous vegetation has not been determined. From 1994 to 2004, we studied the impacts of operational herbicide site preparation using glyphosate plus sulfometuron methyl herbicides in the context of a shelterwood seed cut. Our study took place on 10 partially cut sites on the Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania. Half of each site received herbicide and half did not in a split-plot design with repeated measures. Fences were erected after year six because deer impact had increased. Resilience of individual species and the community were determined using measures of percent cover by species or species groups and indices of diversity and similarity comparing post-treatment to pre-treatment conditions and controls. In the short term, abundance of all species was reduced and there were four fewer species on average in treated areas. No species was eliminated by herbicide across all sites in the long term. Graminoids were more abundant on treated plots after year six. Targeted ferns remained less abundant on treated than control plots after 10 years. Species richness recovered within 4 years following treatment. Shannon Diversity and Shannon Evenness were greater in treated than in control plots over the full study period, but the differences were not significant in any single year. The richness-based Jaccard index of similarity did not differ between control and treatment plots after year two, while relative abundance influenced indices showed significant differences through year eight. Results suggest that herbaceous layer vegetation is resilient to the disturbance created by herbicide-shelterwood treatments. 相似文献
16.
以森林蓄积生长量、乔木树种多样性、植物生物量、植被覆盖度、有机质含量、森林灾害程度作为指标,采用综合指数法,构建森林健康评估体系,并结合133个森林资源连续清查生态监测固定样地调查数据,评估广东省森林生态系统健康状况。结果表明,广东森林健康指数平均值为0.41,基本处于亚健康状况;天然林优于人工林,中龄林优于近成熟林;树种结构越复杂,森林健康指数就越高。 相似文献
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18.
生态疏伐对华北落叶松林分结构和生物多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林抚育对调整林分结构、促进林木生长都具有极大作用。为了解抚育对华北落叶松林分结构和林下物种多样性的影响,以承德市第三乡林场华北落叶松—白桦混交林为研究对象,采用对比分析的方法,对生态疏伐前后的林分结构、径阶分布和生物多样性进行了探讨。结果表明:生态疏伐后林分平均胸径增加2.1cm,平均树高稍有变化,林分密度从疏伐前的1 365株/hm~2下降到900株/hm~2;生态疏伐前,直径分布曲线呈左偏,6~16径阶林木数量占总数的42.6%;疏伐后,6~16径阶林木株数占总株数的21.3%,直径分布稍向右偏,更趋于正态分布;疏伐后,林下物种的Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数均有所增加,Pielou均匀度指数在1号、4号、5号样方内有所下降,2号、3号样方内呈增加趋势,且3号样方的Simpson、Shannon-Wiener和Pielou均匀度指数涨幅均最大,分别比抚育前增加了0.373、0.834和0.203。 相似文献
19.
Md. Habibur Rahman Md. Abu Sayed Arfin Khan Bishwajit Roy Most. Jannatul Fardusi 《林业研究》2011,22(4):551-559
A study was conducted at two-biodiversity conservation areas of Northeastern Bangladesh (a part of Sylhet Forest Division)
to assess the species composition, diversity and density of natural regeneration of tree species both indigenous and exotic
species. Data were collected by stratified random quadrate method during January 2010 to July 2010. Totally 200 circular plots
of 2 m×2 m in size had 5 different habitat types of plants namely; forest, roadside, homestead (surrounding forest dwellers
house), fallow land and others (canals, streams and tea gardens side), which included a total of 55 regenerating species belonging
to 28 families. Meliaceae is the dominant family and shows the highest family importance value (26.3), having six species,
followed by Moraceae (24.24). Among the five habitat types, forest (43 species) possess the highest number of species, followed
by roadside (23 species). Total 15 exotic species among 9 families and 40 indigenous species with 24 families were recorded.
For exotic species, Tectona grandis possess the highest relative density (11.7%) and relative frequency (10.5%); Senna siamea had highest relative abundance (7.83%). In case of indigenous species, Chickrassia tabularis possess the highest relative density (4.23%) and relative frequency (4%); Dipterocarpus turbinatus had the highest relative abundance (3.92%). Tectona grandis (29.66) and Chickrassia tabularis (10.8) had the highest IVI for exotic and indigenous species respectively. Different diversity indices such as Shanon-Winner
diversity index, species diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, Simpson index and species dominance
index, etc. were applied to quantify definite diversity. The regeneration of species associated with low levels of disturbance
was in the exotic species. Study suggests that proper protection from human disturbances and scientific management of natural
regeneration of two-study forests may lead a rich biodiversity site in the country. 相似文献
20.
We assessed the species richness and aboveground productivity of understory plants in nine types of forest stand (116 plots in total) that had different disturbance histories that were combinations of the frequency of plantation (clear-cutting, site preparation, planting), typhoon damage, and selective cutting. We established two 1 m × 1 m quadrats to measure species richness and productivity and one 1 m × 30 m belt to measure species richness in each plot. Canopy leaf area index (LAI), soil NH4+, soil C/N ratio, slope angle, and slope aspect were measured as current environmental factors affecting each plot. The variance in species richness was better explained by disturbance history (69% in quadrats; 86% in the belt) than by current environmental factors. Species richness and the Simpson index decreased as the frequency of plantation increased. In contrast, the variance in productivity was better explained by current environmental factors (82%), especially canopy LAI (45%), than by disturbance history. The relations of species presence and productivity to the explanatory variables differed among species, although there were some common responses within life forms. The effects of disturbance on species diversity remained for 20–80 years. Forest management should therefore take into account the long-term effects of disturbance history to maintain understory plant diversity. 相似文献