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棉花萎蔫综合症的研究现状及展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
总结了棉花新病害“棉花萎蔫综合症”的研究进展。田间观察、调查、检测结果表明：“棉花萎蔫综合症”病株于棉花花铃期至吐絮期都可以发病。棉株一旦出现萎蔫症状,基本上不会再恢复正常。病株主要特征特性为：全株无病斑,叶片略微萎蔫并褪色,病株铃虚软,发育迟滞吐絮慢,病铃僵瓣糟絮瘪子。病株发病初期叶绿素含量有所降低;病株在株高和果枝出生方面受到一定影响;发生早的病株幼蕾大量脱落;病株率越高产量越低,纤维品质也差;病棉子丧失发芽能力。转基因材料有部分发病,而其亲本几乎不发病;非转基因老品种没看到发病。种植发病株种子不会加重和提早其后代的发病。山西省和外省品种（系）都有发病,部分发病品种（系）还通过了区试新品种审定。发病情况和气象资料拟合分析表明,7—8月降雨次数较少和降雨量较少的气候年型发病较重;发病情况和田间小气候观测资料拟合分析表明,田间地膜下土面≥40℃的高温天数多时发生较重。还比较了该病和棉花其他病害的异同。其病株样本分离不到真菌性病原物。最后提出了棉花萎蔫综合症研究存在的问题,指出了今后研究方向和期望。 相似文献
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不同黄萎病级对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用３个抗枯耐黄棉花品种（系），在病圃研究了不同黄萎病级对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响。结果表明，不同病级的棉花黄萎病株使单株子棉产量降低４．８２％～８５．６６％，单株结铃数减少３．３８％～８４．０１％，单铃重减轻２．６７％～１６．７４％，在分损失０．８２％～７．５７％。在产量各因素中，单株结铃数受病级影响最大，其次是铃重，再次是衣分。同时建立了各品种病级与单株子棉产量和单株结铃数的直线回归方程。黄萎病主要是对纤维的细度、强力、主体长度及成熟度有明显影响。病株与健株比较，病株纤维细度变细，强力降低，主体长度明显变短。 相似文献
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枯萎病对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对2002年长江流域棉花区试的10个新品种进行了抗枯萎病(Fusariumwilt)鉴定,并从每个品种中各选择30个单株,分株计产,按株取样检验其纤维品质。分析棉株不同的枯萎病级别对棉花产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)有2个品种抗枯萎病;6个耐病;2个感病。(2)枯萎病株的皮棉产量比健株减产的百分率分别为:Ⅰ级26.48%,Ⅱ级45.50%,Ⅲ级54.57%,Ⅳ级77.76%,减产极显著。(3)病株纤维的长度、整齐度、比强度和伸长率也均显著或极显著低于健株。棉株枯萎病级别与纤维长度呈极显著负相关,与比强度和麦克隆值呈显著负相关。 相似文献
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棉花萎蔫综合症对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探询该病害对棉花生长发育、产量及品质的影响,以便为制定综合治理措施提供基础依据。通过使用澳作生态仪器有限公司的叶绿素仪SPAD-502,测试病株与正常株上部第一和第二节主茎叶和果枝第一叶的叶绿素含量,结果表明：发病初期病株上部叶片叶绿素含量低于正常株,随时间推移,其差别缩小。通过调查测量同品种（系）的发病株与正常株的生长发育情况,结果表明：发病早的植株株高和果枝数比正常株显著降低,发病较晚的,株高和果枝数比正常株有所降低但不明显;病株不论发病早晚,7—8月均表现为幼蕾大量脱落,这与棉花其他病害造成幼铃而不是幼蕾脱落明显不同。其次是病株大铃、小铃脱落增加及花朵减少。通过分别采摘收获病株和正常株的子棉并分别称重轧子计算,所有病株均表现不同程度的减产。通过将病株材料减产比例与其发病株率挂钩测算,结果表明：所有品种（系）减产比例和其发病株率呈正相关(系数R=0.98),其拟合的回归方程为Y=-1.180+0.852X。通过对同品种（系）病株和正常株纤维作专业检测,结果表明：发病株纤维品质明显下降,尤以马克隆值下降幅度最大。说明病株棉铃的成熟发育进程发生变异。观察测试结果表明,发病棉株生理机制发生变异,造成叶绿素含量降低,株高降低,果枝减少,幼蕾脱落和幼铃脱落增加,结铃减少从而造成减产,还造成病株纤维成熟度下降;发病越早造成的影响越大,发病株率越高减产损失越大。 相似文献
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通过田间对比试验，验证了通丰养分平衡剂在棉田的施用效果．结果表明．棉田滴施通丰养分平衡剂后，棉花株高、叶片、果枝台数及单铃重均较对照增加，籽棉单产较对照产量增幅可达7％．田间滴施通丰养分平衡剂对棉花生育期无明显影响．对棉花纤维品质有一些影响．但影响不大，籽指知乘指会别增加了0.27g和0.23g。 相似文献
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为掌握棉花群体结构中的小气候环境状况,确定棉花不同密度对产量的影响,设计6个不同密度测定农艺性状,选择棉花郁闭度最大的开花盛期,测定不同棉花密度群体田间小气候要素。结果表明,密度不同棉花的农业性状发生很大变化,群体间光、温、湿度等气候因子有较大的改变。随着密度的增加,棉花株高、茎粗、叶片数、果枝数、蕾数、铃数、铃重与株间梯度温度差呈显著负相关,而与透光率呈正相关;最佳密度群体株间梯度温度差应0.3~0.4℃;棉株间地面透光率应在5.5%以上。密度22.5万株/hm2产量表现最佳,其次是27.0万株/hm2,再其次是18.0万株/hm2。在当前栽培管理水平下,北疆早熟棉花品种的种植密度以20万~25万株/hm2为宜。 相似文献
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一、棉花枯黄萎病对棉花生产的威胁日益严重。棉花枯黄萎病是棉花在生产上毁灭性病害,来势猛,损失大。前期发病棉苗大量死亡,后期发病叶片和蕾铃大量脱落,轻者缺苗断垄,产量减少,品质降低,重者毁种、绝收,甚至毁灭了整个棉区。据中棉所在陕西省定株观察,枯萎病株较健株蕾铃脱落增加1倍,铃重减轻30%左右,单株铃数减少34.7%,纤维强度降低0.27—0.37克,绒长短1.5—2毫米。据四川射洪调查,发病率12%,减产 相似文献
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《棉花学报》2018,30(2):136-144
[Objective] The goal of this experiment was to study the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cotton seedlings, and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt at the seedling stage and the establishment of Verticillium wilt control techniques. [Method] Zhongzhimian 2 (Verticillium wilt resistant cultivar, ZZM-2) and Jimian 11 (Verticillium wilt susceptible cultivar, JM-11) were selected. Verticillium dahliae was inoculated at the two true leaves stage. The photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the last fully expanded young leaves were measured at 6 d after inoculation. [Result] (1) Under the stress of Verticillium wilt, the leaf area per plant, leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of cotton seedlings decreased, and the decreases in ZZM-2 were smaller than those in JM-11. (2) The decreased intercellular CO2 concentration and increased stomatal limitation value in the two test materials indicated that the decrease in Pn was mainly caused by stomatal limitation, and the decrease in chlorophyll a in ZZM-2 was smaller than the decrease in chlorophyll b, whereas the opposite trend was observed in JM-11. (3) The light response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were increased and theCO2 response curve parameters of ZZM-2 were decreased, but all parameters in JM-11 were decreased. For ZZM-2, the potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (YNPQ) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (YNO) were increased slightly and the actual photochemical efficiency (YII) was decreased slightly, but the differences in these four indexes between diseased plants and healthy plants was not significant; however, the variable fluorescence yield (Fv) was significantly decreased. For JM-11, Fv, Fv/Fm, YII and YNPQ were significantly decreased, and YNO was significantly increased. (4) Fv/Fm in leaf lesion sites decreased, but that in non-lesion sites did not decline or even showed a slight increase. [Conclusion] Verticillium wilt resistant cultivars with higher photosynthetic capacity and carbon assimilation ability could reduce the effects of Verticillium wilt on photosynthetic characteristics and reduce the impacts on cotton yield and quality. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌与抗黄萎病遗传育种研究进展 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
简要综述了棉花黄萎病菌及抗黄萎病遗传育种的研究进展。研究表明 ,各地的棉花黄萎病菌均存在致病力的分化 ,其致病机理是病菌侵入棉花后菌丝及孢子在导管内大量繁殖 ,同时刺激邻近的薄壁细胞产生胶状物质及侵填体而堵塞导管 ,使水分和养分运输发生困难 ,更重要的是病菌在棉株体内产生的糖蛋白毒素作用的结果。棉花抗黄萎病的遗传方式争论较大 ,但一般在温室由单一菌系接种鉴定时棉花黄萎病抗性表现为单基因遗传 ,而在田间病圃或用多菌系混合鉴定时 ,棉花黄萎病抗性表现为多基因遗传。由于陆地棉内缺乏高抗黄萎病资源 ,给棉花抗黄萎病育种带来一定困难 ,但 90年代以来 ,已育成 86 - 6、川 73 7、川 2 80 2、豫棉 1 9号、豫棉 2 1号等一些抗黄萎病的新品种。上述抗黄萎病品种在棉花黄萎病综合防治中起了重要作用 相似文献
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Creation of a New Resistant Germplasm to Verticillium Wilt by Distant Hybridization in Upland Cotton 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To create new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt in upland cotton, 65 distant hybridization germplasm lines (DHGLs) in upland cotton genetic background were cultivated by interspecific hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum and wild species including G. anomalum, G. armourianum, G. aridum, G. raimondii, G. mustelinum, interspecific F1 backcrossing with G. hirsutum for four generations, and selfing for four generations, followed by a conventional breeding program. The results of agronomic trait identification during 2011-2012 indicated that average plant heights of DHGLs were closely similar to commercial cultivars of upland cotton, while average fruit branches, fruit nodes, bolls of DHGLs individual plant were lower than those in commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Average single boll weight and lint percentage of DHGLs were lower than commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Fiber length, strength, fineness and maturity of DHGLs were reasonably collocated. Fiber of most lines was suitable for spinning extra high count yarn, but the main fiber quality indices of commercial cultivars of upland cotton were not well coordinated. Identification of resistance to Verticillium wilt in defoliation disease nursery during 2012-2013 indicated that five DHGLs resistant to Verticillium wilt . Suyuan 040, Suyuan 045 and Suyuan 061 were highly resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 8.33, 4.35 and 7.79, respectively. Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 12.35 and 13.70, respectively. The genetic relationship of new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt were traced and showed that Suyuan 040 and Suyuan 045 were DHGLs of G. raimondii, Suyuan 061 was DHGL of G.mustelinum, Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were DHGLs of G. aridum. 相似文献
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为了解决黄萎病对棉花的危害,利用基因工程技术培育抗病棉花品种是当前育种的主要目标。从棉花中克隆了一个黄萎病抗性基因GhCOI1,其编码冠菌素不敏感因子。GhCOI1基因序列全长2 213 bp,编码一个600氨基酸的多肽,分子量为68 k Da,等电点p I是7.06。GhCOI1含有典型的F-box和LRR结构域。组织表达分析表明,该基因在根器官优势表达,并且其表达受到大丽轮枝菌浸染诱导。利用病毒诱导基因沉默(Virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)技术,抑制了GhCOI1基因在棉花植株中的表达;通过大丽轮枝菌接菌分析表明,GhCOI1基因沉默能够引起植株的抗性下降,发病加重。研究结果表明GhCOI1参与棉花对大丽轮枝菌抗性调控,因此,其可以作为棉花抗病育种的候选基因。 相似文献
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Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacillus methylotrophicus LH-L3 Antagonist of Cotton Verticillium Wilt 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The aim of this study is to obtain endophytic Bacillus with control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt. [Method] The cotton tissue grinding liquid was heated at 80 ℃, and spread onto the Luria-Bertani ager medium. The strains with better inhibitory effects on Verticillium dahliae Vd084, a strain with strong pathogenicity, was identified by the morphology, physiological and biochemical traits as well as 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoB sequences, and its control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt was determined by pot experiments. [Result] 61 similar Bacillus strains were isolated from cotton plants. Among them, 17 strains could inhibit Verticillium dahliae Vd084. A strain named LH-L3 with a relatively higher antagonistic activity and a broad inhibition spectrum was obtained in the second screening. LH-L3 was classified into Bacillus methylotrophicus. Compared with the control, the emergence rate, plant height, root length, fresh weight of aerial part and underground part of cotton with 106 mL－1 LH-L3 suspension drenching for 3 times increased by 42.85%, 10.24%, 23.83%, 10.05% and 97.62%, respectively. And control effect on Verticillium wilt was 85.24%. [Conclusion] LH-L3 had good growth promotion and Verticillium wilt control effects and showed good potential for biological control. 相似文献