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作保灵(TNA)对大豆保护效应及机制的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究作保灵对大豆保护作用及对绿磺隆的解毒机制。当土壤中有绿磺隆残留时,作保灵５‰拌种能够保护大豆的株高和鲜重免受绿磺隆的影响。作保灵能明显增加大豆体内谷胱甘肽含量和谷胱甘肽转移酶的活性。谷胱甘肽转移酶活性增加,促进绿磺隆与谷胱甘肽轭合作用,从而对绿磺隆进行解毒。 相似文献
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新型除草剂解毒剂减轻氯嘧磺隆残留对玉米的药害作用及机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以垦玉6号玉米为试验材料,采用土培法研究新型除草剂解毒剂N-二氯乙酰基-2-甲基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4.4]壬烷减轻除草剂氯嘧磺隆残留对玉米产生的药害,初步探讨其机理。研究结果表明,随土壤中氯嘧磺隆残留浓度增加,玉米生长受到抑制。采用不同浓度解毒剂浸种处理后,均可在一定程度上减轻氯嘧磺隆残留对玉米产生的药害。当土壤中氯嘧磺隆的残留浓度为2μg/kg,解毒剂的浸种浓度为5 mg/kg时解毒效果最好,玉米株高和主根长的恢复率可达对照的109.71%和90.99%,幼苗中的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和乙酰乳酸合成酶活性(ALS)分别达到对照的106.8%和116.7%。 相似文献
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除草剂苯磺隆对麦田土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了评价施用苯磺隆对土壤环境的生态效应,在大田条件下,研究了苯磺隆对麦田土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,苯磺隆对土壤过氧化氢酶活性具有激活作用,且浓度越高,激活作用越强;对土壤脲酶活性的影响表现为0.13、0.25和0.50 g·kg-1浓度处理轻微激活,1.00 g·kg-1浓度处理抑制;苯磺隆在处理初期抑制土壤多酚氧化酶活性,喷药后10 d开始激活,至30 d逐渐恢复至清水对照水平;苯磺隆对土壤蔗糖酶活性具有抑制作用。苯磺隆对各土壤酶活性的影响均为短期效应,除1.00 g·kg-1浓度处理外,其余处理酶活性在试验后期均能逐渐恢复至对照水平,对麦田土壤生态系统相对安全。 相似文献
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豆田残留除草剂氯嘧磺隆在土壤空间分布的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别在有除草剂污染的豆田土壤和无除草剂污染的正茬土壤分层采集土壤样本,在盆栽条件下种植甜菜,鉴定农药残留。结果表明:大豆田土壤中残留的氯嘧磺隆主要分布在0~20 cm土层中,残留量随着土层深度的增加逐渐减少。其中0~10 cm土层植株生长到4叶期全部死亡,表明该层残留农药最多;10~20 cm土层对甜菜生长产生严重抑制,表现为株高降低37%,鲜重降低31.7%;20 cm以下土层的甜菜正常生长,该层氯嘧磺隆的残留量对下茬作物无明显影响。通过对特定指示作物甜菜苗期生长发育的研究揭示了豆田除草剂氯嘧磺隆在不同深度的分布特点,为进一步研究消除残留除草剂药害提供科学依据。 相似文献
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经过2年3次重复试验,研究了苯磺隆、爱将、水杨酸、胜必定、麦极等5种化学药物叶面喷施对甘蓝型油菜品种中双9号(ZS9)的杀雄效果。结果表明,苯磺隆杀雄作用最好,其它4种药物杀雄效果差或没有杀雄效果。在ZS9抽薹高度达15~20cm、最大花蕾长度1~2mm时进行苯磺隆第1次处理,单株用药量15~20ｍL。间隔10d 左右再进行第2次处理,单株用药量 8~10ｍL。叶面喷施最佳浓度范围为0.075~0.1µg/mL,叶面喷施2次可诱导 94%~100%的全不育株率,不育持续时间可达21~25d。苯磺隆及其处理方式,有望用于油菜大田的杂交制种。 相似文献
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苯磺隆对甘蓝型油菜中双9号的杀雄效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
经过2年3次重复试验,研究了苯磺隆、爱将、水杨酸、胜必定、麦极等5种化学药物叶面喷施对甘蓝型油菜品种中双9号(ZS9)的杀雄效果。结果表明,苯磺隆杀雄作用最好,其它4种药物杀雄效果差或没有杀雄效果。在ZS9抽薹高度达15～20cm、最大花蕾长度1～2mm时进行苯磺隆第1次处理,单株用药量15～20mL,间隔10d左右再进行第2次处理,单株用药量8～10mL,叶面喷施最佳浓度范围为0.075～0.1μg/mL。叶面喷施2次可诱导94%～100%的全不育株,不育持续时间可达21～25d。苯磺隆及其处理方式,有望用于油菜大田的杂交制种。 相似文献
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砜嘧磺隆25%可湿性粉剂在马铃薯中的残留动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了制定砜嘧磺隆在马铃薯生产中的安全使用标准,采用田间试验的方法,研究砜嘧磺隆在马铃薯中的残留动态,应用液相色谱法测定砜嘧磺隆在马铃薯中的残留量。试验结果表明:砜嘧磺隆在马铃薯植株和土壤中降解符合一级化学反应动力学方程C=C0e-kt,砜嘧磺隆在土壤中半衰期为(0.02～3.10 d),在植株中的半衰期为(0.93～2.90 d)。该药属易分解农药(T1/2<30 d)。在马铃薯4叶期时喷药1次,按推荐剂量90 g/hm2及1.5倍剂量135 g/hm2施用25%可湿性粉剂砜嘧磺隆。在收获期马铃薯植株和块茎均未检测出,在马铃薯上的砜嘧磺隆安全使用量推荐为90 g/hm2,建议马铃薯上砜嘧磺隆最大残留限量值MRL暂定为0.1 mg/kg。 相似文献
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不同直播方式下种子处理方式对直播稻出苗和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了选择合理的种子处理方式,解决水稻机直播全苗问题,选择杂交稻川优6203、常规稻金农丝苗,在水直播、旱直播方式下,比较了干种子直播、浸泡48 h后直播、浸泡48h催芽至露白后直播、浸泡48 h催芽至半粒谷长后直播等方式对水稻出苗率、基本苗数、有效穗数、颖花数、结实率、千粒重以及产量的影响。结果表明,种子浸泡48 h催芽至露白时播种,有较高的出苗率,可以确保较高的基本苗数。不同种子处理方式对直播稻的有效穗数、千粒重的影响达极显著水平,对颖花数及结实率的影响不显著。在水直播方式下浸泡48 h,催芽露白或至半粒谷长时直播,不仅有利于增加群体数量,还有利于改善产量性状。无论采用水直播还是旱直播方式,宜将种子浸种48 h后催芽至露白时进行机直播,出苗率高,群体足,产量性状合理,可以获得较高产量。 相似文献
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橡胶树种子电导率特性及其与种子活力的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用完整的橡胶树种仁在室温下浸泡于无离子水中测定种子渗漏质电导率。研究结果表明,橡胶树种子渗漏质电导率与浸泡时间之间呈直线相关,因品种、种子质量、贮存时间和季节而异,但这种差异是相对稳定的。不同质量的橡胶树种子的电导率之间的显著差异可以在种子浸泡7h内观测到。橡胶树种子电导率与发芽率及籽苗生势之间均呈显著负相关关系。因此,橡胶树种子电导率有可能作为快速测定橡胶树种子活力的一个重要指标。另外,橡胶树种子在敞开贮存期间,种子电导率出现波动性变化现象,这种变化也因品种和种子质量等而异。 相似文献
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以渍水造成大豆萌动种子的缺氧环境条件下,观察种子活力对渍水的反应与其子叶细胞超微结构的变化的关系,种子外渗液的电导率与其细胞“膜相”变化的关系。结果表明,大豆种子在渍水环境中所能维持的活力状态,与子叶亚细胞结构受损程度趋势相一致,其细胞质膜受损与种子外渗液电导率的增加为同步。随着渍水时间的延长,种子活力下降,子叶细胞质壁分离越加严重,细胞器及质膜受损加剧,外渗液的电导率加高;萌动种子耐清水能力品种间存在差异。耐性大豆,在清水条件下保持活力的时间长而强。渍水敏感品种进入萌动期早,细胞内线粒体,内质网,高尔基体等细胞器比耐性强的品种出现的早,但在继续清水条件下快速失去活力,质壁分离,细胞质及细胞器膜的受损出现的也早,显现了对缺氧环境的敏感性。表明大豆萌动种子的耐渍水性有其细胞学的依据。 相似文献
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Blending Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn and non-Bt corn seeds in the same bag is a convenient and easier compliance solution to satisfy refuge regulations. However, there has been considerable debate and concern about larval movement of the target insects in a seed blend because of its potential effect on the development of resistance. Reported here are studies to determine the larval movement of European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in a seed blend compared to a structured refuge and their effects on survival, feeding injury and larval fitness. Also evaluated is the relative performance of a purple-seeded corn hybrid as a surrogate host plant for tracking gene flow. Seed blend and structured refuge arrangements of Agrisure GT/CB/LL Bt corn expressing Cry1Ab and isoline plants were evaluated at two locations in 2013 and 2014 by manually infesting refuge plants with first and second generation corn borer larvae. The majority of leaf and stalk injury was recorded on the refuge plant, which amounted to 66–83% of the total tunnel length. In both refuge arrangements, plant injury and the number of larvae recovered significantly decreased on neighboring plants with increasing distance away from the refuge plant in the same row. The relative decline in injury was much more pronounced in the seed blend, with neighbor Bt plants experiencing very minor tunneling or no injury at all due to the high dose trait. Eighty-nine percent fewer live larvae were also found on neighbor Bt plants in the seed blend compared to those found in the structured refuge plots. Larvae that moved to Bt plants as well as older instars that were manually placed on Bt plants failed to complete development. Comparison of the number of tunnels and larvae recovered per refuge plant indicated that the seed blend may not produce as many susceptible individuals as those produced in a structured refuge arrangement. Although the purple-seeded hybrid showed lower levels of ear and stalk injury, it could serve as an appropriate surrogate refuge plant to track gene flow. 相似文献
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Bambara groundnut (BGN) seeds were pretreated by soaking, dry-milling or autoclaving and used to produce pastes which were then used to prepare akara. Proximate analysis and organoleptic tests were conducted. Method of pretreatment affected the proximate composition of the akara. The moisture, protein and fiber contents of akara prepared from BGN seeds, which were cracked and soaked or autoclaved, were significantly (p 0.05) different than those from soaked whole grains and flour. The cooked batch weights of the akara ranged from 258–272 g, akara from soaked whole and autoclaved seeds having the lowest and highest values, respectively. Akara from autoclaved BGN seeds was more highly preferred by panelists compared to akara from other pretreatments. Except for appearance and color, no significant differences were found between BGN akara and the cowpea akara used as reference. Heat treatment of BGN seeds prior to dehulling appeared to influence the level of acceptability of the akara. 相似文献
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植物氨基酸液肥浸种对甜玉米幼苗生理及生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同浓度的植物氨基酸液肥浸种对甜玉米幼苗生理生化指标和生长发育的影响。结果表明:浸种后提高了幼苗的根数、根干重、根冠比和根系活跃吸收面积,叶片叶绿素含量明显高于对照,过氧化物酶穴POD雪含量提高,膜质过氧化物丙二醛穴MDA雪含量降低。说明用植物氨基酸液肥浸种处理甜玉米,不仅有壮苗效果,还有稳定膜结构、延缓衰老、增强幼苗抗逆性的作用。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):455-463
AbstractAbstract: We investigated the effects of soaking temperature and duration on the germinability of seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Koganemochi, Gohyakumangoku, and Koshihikari) that had been stored for a long period. The germinability of the seeds soaked at 5ºC for 5 d was markedly lower than that of seeds soaked at 12ºC for 5 d. The germinability of the seeds soaked at 5ºC for 24 hr was not increased by subsequent soaking at 12ºC for 4 d. On the other hand, the germinability of the seeds soaked either at 12ºC for 24 hr or at 30ºC for 80 min was similar to that of seeds soaked at 12ºC for 5 d, even when followed by treatment at 5ºC. Thus, the soaking temperature during the first 24 hr was most important for the germination of rice seeds that had been stored for a long period. Western blotting analysis revealed characteristic expression patterns of α-amylase isoforms in cultivars correlating with the germinability after soaking at a low-temperature. 相似文献
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Heat soaking is an essential factor deciding the final quality of hard-to-cook grains. In this study, the morphological structures, visualization features, and physicochemical characteristics of adlay seeds soaked at 30–70 °C were investigated compared with waxy rice (easy to cook). The morphology of macromolecules and section cracks were observed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy as these are the crucial factors for penetrate water penetration, which showed that starch granules were slightly eroded when adlay seeds were soaked at 70 °C. The MRI images showed that at higher soaking temperatures, the moisture of soaked adlay seeds was distributed more evenly across a gradient. Meanwhile, heat soaking has a minor effect on starch and protein content of adlay seeds, and the proportion of bound water of adlay seeds slightly declined after heat soaking. Moreover, hardness analysis and pasting measurements exhibited structural changes and viscosity transition in the grains. However, the contribution of heat soaking to the infrared spectrogram and relative crystallinity of adlay seeds was insignificant. This study provides effective methods to evaluate changes in adlay seeds during heat soaking and explains why it is hard to cook. 相似文献