共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):471-475
We investigated the morpho-physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the germination and post-germination phases to explore avoidance of hypoxic conditions. We compared four lines selected for anaerobic germination (AG lines) with the variety IR42. The germination capacity of AG lines was higher than that of IR42. The germination percentages and coleoptile elongation differed among the four AG lines; IR06F459 showed the fastest germination and rapid coleoptile elongation. The coleoptiles of IR06F459 were significantly longer than those of IR42. The α-amylase activity in germinating seeds was significantly higher in IR06F459 than in IR42. At 2 days after sowing, the sucrose and glucose concentrations in germinating seeds were higher in IR06F459 than in IR42. These results show that IR06F459, an AG line with a long coleoptile, has high α-amylase activity and high sucrose and glucose concentrations in germinating seeds. These attributes partly explain its vigorous germination and coleoptile growth under hypoxic conditions. 相似文献
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John Bamberg 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(4):368-373
Potato has about 100 wild species relatives that are multiplied in the form of botanical seed populations by genebanks and distributed for use in research and breeding, so understanding factors that affect seed germination is valuable. This is especially true for problematic seedlots that have slow and low (“trickle”) germination even when subjected to germination techniques that give optimal results in most other seedlots in the genebank. Twelve seedlots with trickle germination even after at least 2 years of storage and 2 robustly-germinating positive control seedlots encompassing 9 species were germinated in petri plates, and subjected to day/night?=?10 h/14 h?=?20C/6C alternating temperature (AT) trials along with constant room temperature (RT) controls, in the spring of 2015 and 2016. When Relative Area Under the Germination Progress Curve (RAUGPC) was calculated, normal germinating seedlots’ germination in AT was not significantly different from RT control. Some species’ seedlots’ RAUGPC germination in AT was nearly zero, some were about 50% of RT control, and some in AT germination had RAUGPC double or even triple that of RT control. In a separate trial in 2017, four seedlots most responsive to AT were shown to germinate significantly better in constant cold than their RT controls, but not as well as seeds germinated under AT. Also in 2017, two seedlots known to be very dependent on gibberellin pretreatment were tested. RT germination without gibberellin had RAUGPC of only 13% of RT control, but AT without gibberellin pretreatment increased this to 65%, showing AT substantially substitutes for gibberellin pretreatment in these seedlots. AT could be a useful application to all seed germination assays in the genebank if it facilitated a better assessment of the potential viability of trickle-germinating seedlots. But one would need to identify and exclude those seedlots for which alternating temperature greatly depresses germination. 相似文献
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Leigh E. Towill 《American Journal of Potato Research》1983,60(2):75-83
Information on the longevity of true seed from the tuber-bearing and closely related non-tuber-bearing Solanums was compiled from data obtained by the U.S. Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Project (IR-1), Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. Seed was stored at 1–3°C after drying to about5% moisture content. Several species exhibited high percentages of germination after 20 to 28 years of storage. Many other species also demonstrated no major decrease in germination during storage periods of 8 to 20 years. For some species germination data were erratic and no conclusions could be made as to the length of time their seeds could be stored and still remain viable 相似文献
4.
对萌发过程中野生和栽培大豆SOD同工酶分析表明:1.供试野生大豆和栽培大豆的SOD同工酶谱带明显不同,野生大豆含有M_n—SOD_a、C_u—Z_n—SODb_1b_2b_3和C_u—Z_n—SODc_1c_2c_3,栽培大豆缺失C_n—Z_n—SODb_1b_2谱带,而且两种类型的C_u—Z_n—SODc_1c_2c_3谱带的迁移率也不完全一致。2.萌发过程中,以单位鲜重计算的SOD活性的变化进程为,萌发初期迅速降低,然后逐渐增加。3.萌发过程中,SOD活性及活性的变化程度均表现野生大豆>栽培大豆。 相似文献
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T. Cardi K. J. Puite K. S. Ramulu F. D’Ambrosio L. Frusciante 《American Journal of Potato Research》1993,70(11):753-764
Mesophyll protoplasts ofSolanum commersonii, a frost tolerant wild species not crossable with the cultivated potato, were fused with either dihaploid or tetraploid S.tuberosum. Protoplasts were aggregated by means of alternating current (AC) or polyethylene glycol (PEG), and electrofused with three direct current (DC) pulses. The treatments with PEG/DC generally resulted in very low heterofusion frequency and protoplast viabiity. On the other hand, AC/DC fusion conditions were optimized by increasing the fusion density of protoplasts and adding CaCl2 to fusion medium. When a density of 4.8 × 105 protoplasts ml?1 was used in the fusion medium containing 0.2 mM Ca++, AC/DC treated protoplasts showed heterofusion frequencies and plating efficiencies of about 10 and 3%, respectively. Fast growing calli from AC/DC fusion experiments were further cultured for regeneration. Fifty-seven plants were regenerated and clonedin vitro as shoot cultures. Compared to parents they showed heterotic vigor and could be identified as hybrids, based on isozyme analysis. 相似文献
7.
玉米种子萌发阶段的吸水率研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
研究采用13个玉米杂交种及其相应的亲本自交系共32个基因型为材料,在人工控制条件下,研究种子萌发率达到60%以上时的吸水率.结果表明,不同基因型的吸水率差异很大,最低仅27.17%,最高达39.88%;一般情况下,自交系的吸水率高于杂交种的吸水率;杂交种及其相应亲本自交系的吸水率表现为多数杂交种低于双亲自交系,少数杂交种介于双亲自交系之间,1个杂交种比双亲自交系更高.双亲自交系吸水率高于相应杂交种的吸水率这一现象预示着种子萌发阶段吸水率的高低可能与基因型的抗旱性有关。 相似文献
8.
Shelley H. Jansky Georgia L. Davis Stanley J. Peloquin 《American Journal of Potato Research》2004,81(5):335-339
Wild diploidSolanum species contain valuable genes for potato improvement, but do not tuberize under the long-day conditions of temperate growing regions. Crosses to haploids (2n=2x=24) of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) produce hybrids that often tuberize under long days. The objectives of this work are (1) to document high levels of tuberization in haploid-wild species hybrid populations, (2) to evaluate the genetic basis of tuberization in haploid-wild species hybrids grown under long-day conditions, and (3) to propose a genetic model for tuberization in haploid-wild species hybrids. Tuberization under long-day conditions was evaluated in 154 haploid-wild species hybrid families. An average of 68% of plants in these families tuberized. Two major genes exhibiting duplicate dominant epistasis appear to regulate tuberization under long-day conditions. Based on this model, the haploid parent genotypes are A-B-, aaB-, or A-bb, while the wild species are aabb. Future studies are planned to identify the genetic components of tuberization. 相似文献
9.
Echinochloa crus-galli, a C4 grass, is one of the world’s most serious weeds. Weed management decisions for this species can be derived from knowledge of its seed biology. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of light on germination; seed burial depth and rice residue on emergence and growth; and flooding time and depth on emergence, survival and growth of this species. Light stimulated seed germination but it was not an absolute requirement for germination. The proportion of seeds germinating was greatest for seeds placed on the soil surface (92%), and emergence declined with increasing burial depth in soil; no seedlings emerged from the depth of 8 cm. A burial depth of only 0.4 cm reduced seedling emergence by 50%. Seedling emergence and seedling biomass were reduced by the addition of high level (6 ton ha−1) of rice residue to the soil surface. Early and deep flooding significantly suppressed growth of E. crus-galli seedlings. In flooded conditions, with increased water depth the weed allocated more biomass to shoots at the expense of roots. The information gained from this study could contribute to improve weed control approaches. Soil inversion by tillage to bury weed seeds below their maximum depth of emergence, use of crop residue as mulch and early flooding of the crop could serve as important tools for managing E. crus-galli and other weed species with similar germination requirements. These management options, however, would need to be compatible with other crop management requirements. 相似文献
10.
A cross between cultivated tetraploid potato and 2n-pollen producing triploid hybrids containingSolomon stoloniferum genomes was not successful using standard crossing procedures. Berry formation did not occur. Berries were formed, however, when pollination by the triploid hybrids was followed by application of cultivated tetraploid pollen. Berries contained seeds, most of which were intraspecific hybrids of 4x-4x origin. About 4% of 1749 seedlings scored with an isozyme marker were identified as interspecific hybrids of 4x-3x origin. The use of this second pollination is called “rescue pollination.” It appears to promote normal fruit development which standard crossing technique failed to do. 相似文献
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The degree of enzymatic browning in tubers was examined quantitatively in five plant introduction (PI) accessions ofSolanum hjertingii and in hybrids of this species with cultivated diploids that had high enzymatic browning. Polyphenol oxidase activity and melanin formation inS. hjertingii accessions was subjected to an analysis of variance. There was significant variation in melanin formation within accessions but the between accession component was not significant. This indicates that it would be most advantageous to select low melanin formation by evaluating individual genotypes within an accession. Significant variation for PPO activity existed between accessions, indicating that selection on the basis of accession means would be the best means of selecting for lower PPO activity. Both parameters were much lower in allS. hjertingii genotypes compared to tetraploid cultivars known for their susceptibility to internal blackspot when mechanically damaged. The reduced browning inS. hjertingii was due to a lack of PPO activity and not the shortage of substrate. Progenies, and parents of four crosses between selectedS. hjertingii genotypes and cultivated diploids were measured for PPO activity and melanin formation. The mean performance of the progenies was closest to theS. hjertingii parent in all cases. Degree of dominance indicated nearly complete dominance or overdominance in the direction of theS. hjertingii parent. These results are discussed in light of other work which indicates that protein antigenic to PPO antibody is present inS. hjertingii. It appears that inactive PPO is present in the tubers. The pronounced dominance of low PPO activity and suppression of melanin formation in the hybrids withS. hjertingii is promising for the utility of this wild species as a source of genetic factors that, upon introgression into the cultivated potato gene pool, would suppress browning. 相似文献
12.
Satish Kumar Luthra Jagesh Kumar Tiwari Mehi Lal Poonam Chandel Vinod Kumar 《Potato Research》2016,59(4):375-391
Ten tetraploid interspecific potato somatic hybrids developed earlier through protoplast fusion between the dihaploid Solanum tuberosum L. ‘C-13’ and the diploid wild species Solanum pinnatisectum Dun. were used in this study. Somatic hybrids and standard control cultivars were evaluated for adaptability, tuber traits, late blight resistance and keeping quality attributes (dormancy, sprouting, weight loss and appearance after 75 days of storage) during two successive winter crop seasons (short-days) in the sub-tropical plains of India, where nearly 90% of India’s potatoes are grown. Somatic hybrids showed medium to good plant vigour and late to very late plant maturity. Though none of the somatic hybrids produced equal or higher tuber yield than the control cultivars, except clone P7, all other somatic hybrids produced significantly higher marketable and total tuber yield after a 90-day growth than the parent C-13. Most of the somatic hybrids possessed higher tuber dry matter concentration, resistance to late blight and better keeping quality attributes than the control cultivars. Notably, the tubers of somatic hybrids showed a tendency for colour change from white to purple on exposure to sunlight. Breeding potential of somatic hybrids was further assessed by crossing them with commonly grown local potato cultivars for the development of backcross (BC1) progenies. In the hybridization programme, berries were formed while somatic hybrids were used either as male or female parents with common cultivars. Our results revealed that the use of bulk pollen of somatic hybrids not only resulted in higher pollination success but also helped to achieve higher numbers of true potato seeds (TPS) per berry. Despite the formation of berries, TPS was absent in 22 crosses using somatic hybrids as a female or male parent which may be due to ovule or embryo abortions. Segregating BC1 generations were evaluated under the same sub-tropical conditions for further exploitation in potato breeding. Based on our study, the somatic hybrids P4, P8 and P10 can be utilized for the introgression of important characters such as high tuber dry matter concontration, resistance to late blight and excellent keeping quality attributes into the cultivated potato via conventional breeding methods for cultivar development in the sub-tropical plains of India. 相似文献
13.
Alejandro Presotto Ivana Fernández-MoroniMónica Poverene Miguel Cantamutto 《Crop Protection》2011,30(6):611-616
Wild sunflower, Helianthus annuus, is an open-pollinated species that can be a major weed in several crops. If it hybridizes with cultivated sunflower the following generations can generate crop-wild hybrids that could evolve into invasive populations. The objective of this study was to morphologically characterize F1 hybrids between inbred lines and wild sunflower, their F2, BC1 and BC2 progenies with domestic sunflower to assess the risk of these plants evolving into invasive biotypes. Crop-wild hybrids were easily identified as off-type plants. F1 plants were taller, branched with several heads, smaller disks and phyllaries, stigma and pale anthocyanins, and a longer flowering period compared to cultivated sunflower. None of the F2 plants were similar to wild sunflower plants, but morphologically closer to the cultivated materials. These results showed the improbability that crop-wild off-type plants give rise to plants morphologically similar to wild sunflowers and therefore the risk of developing invasive populations by their introduction. 相似文献
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我国三种野生稻及其与栽培稻种间杂种外稃表面显微特征的比较观察 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
用扫描电镜对栽培稻的两个籼型品种（Oryza sativa subsp. indica）、普通野生稻（O．rufipogon）、药用野生稻（O. officinalis）、疣粒野生稻（O. meyeriana）及野生稻与栽培稻的种间杂种F1的外稃表面显微特征进行了比较研究，观察到外稃表面的显微特征有明显的种间差异，并初步概述了三种野生稻的乳突特征。栽培稻与野生稻的种间杂种外稃显微特征受亲本影响，其中乳突座间距、列宽主要受野生稻亲本影响；底座以上的峰突特征如峰距、峰数则表现为栽培稻亲本的特征；乳突分布密度表现为超亲现象。 相似文献
17.
Q. Chen L. M. Kawchuk D. R. Lynch M. S. Goettel D. K. Fujimoto 《American Journal of Potato Research》2003,80(1):9-19
Wild potatoes are important sources of genes for resistance to disease and insect pests. A collection of wild Mexican and South AmericanSolarium species from the US potato Genebank was evaluated under laboratory and/or field conditions for their reaction to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Colorado potato beetle (CPB,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), and blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (van Hall) Dye) in order to identify individual genotypes with multiple resistance genes. Late blight inoculations using aggressive isolates (US-8/A2 and US-11/A1 mating types) of P.infestans revealed a wide range of variation for resistance between and within the accessions of the wild species tested. For late blight, susceptible as well as moderately to highly resistant genotypes were observed in all the species tested. However, at least one accession from the three Mexican and one South American wild diploid species tested showed a relatively uniform high level of resistance toP. infestans. These includedS. bulbocastanum, S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum, andS. circaeifolium. Two accessions from South American speciesS. commersonii were highly susceptible to late blight. For the Colorado potato beetle test, only one species,S. pinnatisectum appeared uniformly resistant to CPB under field conditions. Results of screening for blackleg resistance showed that there were major differences between genotypes in the wild species. Accessions ofS. circaeifolium PI 498119 andS. bulbocastanum PI 243504 were identified as having significantly higher blackleg resistance than cultivated potato and the other wild species tested. However, genotypes from these two accessions were more susceptible to late blight and CPB. Characterization of theP. infestans isolate P1801C.16 used for late blight evaluation and multi-locus isolate tests using US-8/A2 and US-11/A1 races revealed that the resistance inS. pinnatisectum genotypes tested corresponded to a race-non-specific genetic system, which was different from any existing R genes.Solanum pin-natisectum genotypes with both high levels of late blight and CPB resistance as well as blackleg resistance genotypes identified in the present study represent a diverse gene pool that may be useful for development of new potato cultivars with multiple disease and insect resistance. The potential utilization of these valuable sources for improvement of cultivated potato is discussed. 相似文献
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以玉米品种NK618和济单7号的包衣和非包衣种子为试验材料,低温干燥贮藏16个月、28个月和40个月,分别测定种子的发芽、活力指标,测定幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT、MDA、脯氨酸等含量,探讨低温干燥贮藏条件下玉米种子的可种用时间,比较包衣和非包衣玉米种子间的贮藏差异性及生理变化。结果表明,低温干燥条件下玉米种子贮藏16个月,包衣种子的各项发芽及活力指标比新种子显著降低,非包衣则无显著性变化;贮藏28个月,NK618和济单7号非包衣种子的发芽率分别是91%和87%,均可作种用,包衣种子已无种用价值;贮藏40个月时包衣和非包衣种子均不可作种用。包衣种子比非包衣种子更易老化,幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT含量均随贮藏时间延长而降低,贮藏28个月两个品种包衣和非包衣3种酶含量均比对照新种子含量降低,但差异显著性不同;MDA和脯氨酸含量随贮藏时间延长而增加,贮藏40个月时两个品种的包衣和非包衣种子萌发幼苗MDA含量均达最大值。 相似文献
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不同基因型玉米萌芽期的抗旱性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对4个玉米杂交种辽单24、丹413、沈丹16、沈农87进行了萌芽期的抗旱性研究。结果表明水分胁迫降低了杂交种的发芽势和发芽率,阻碍了胚根和胚芽的生长,也降低了叶片的蒸腾速率和光合速率。但不同杂交种在抗旱性上存在明显差异,在水分胁迫下,抗旱性强的杂交种仍然保持较高的发芽势和发芽率。水分胁迫下,玉米种子的吸水速率减小,但吸水速率与抗旱性间相关性不明显。各品种在20%PEG水分胁迫处理下的萌动吸水伤害率间差异明显,可以作为一个抗旱鉴定指标。研究表明,利用室内高渗溶液萌发法通过对玉米萌芽期抗旱性高度相关的性状的测定得出的萌芽期抗旱性鉴定结果与田间直接鉴定的结果基本相符,说明室内高渗溶液萌发法是鉴定玉米萌芽期抗旱性的一种快速、简便、准确的方法。 相似文献
20.
Leigh E. Towill 《American Journal of Potato Research》1982,59(4):141-147
Seeds from several of the tuber-bearingSolanum species were exposed to low temperatures using liquid nitrogen. No differences in final percent germination or in the rate of germination were observed between the control and treated seeds for any species tested. High viability after liquid nitrogen treatment suggests that long-term storage ofSolanum seed should be practical and warrants further investigation, especially for the long-term storage of valuable germplasm. 相似文献