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1.
提高雾化栽培马铃薯微型薯结薯能力的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
用 3种处理方法 ,下放植株 ,激素 (CCC) ,剪尖对雾化栽培室内的脱毒苗进行随机区组处理。结果表明 :激素和剪尖对叶面积系数 (LAI)、株高、茎粗等营养器官生长特征影响一致 ,可用剪尖替代激素促进形态建成 ;下放植株可极显著促进根系发育 ,促使腋芽向匍匐茎转化 ,可极显著提高微型小薯的产量 ;同时 ,相关分析表明 ,LAI与单株薯数呈极显著正相关 (r =0 874 8 ) ;根系体积与单株薯数显著相关 (r=0 82 0 1 ) ,与单株匍匐茎数极显著相关 (r =0 8770 )。 相似文献
2.
Summary The relationships between the number of initial sprouts, the number of main stems, stolons and tubers per plant are depicted
in 4-quadrant figures. The number of sprouts per seed tuber varied because of different pre-sprouting conditions and/or because
of the use of different cultivars. Good linear relationships are shown between the numbers of sprouts and stems, stolons and
tubers, and sprouts and tubers, but especially between stolons and tubers within each trial with the one cultivar. When comparing
different experiments with the one cultivar the linear relationship between the numbers of stems and stolons disappeared.
When comparing different cultivars, no relation was found between the numbers of sprouts and stems. These two cases also led
to a statistically less significant relation between the number of sprouts planted and the number of tubers harvested. 相似文献
3.
S. L. Nielsen H. Bång K. Kotkas K. Kristensen J. P. Palohuhta V. Rosenberg K. Tolstrup 《Potato Research》2007,50(2):97-114
The occurrence and magnitude of variation of selected characters in clones derived from meristem tips of four potato cultivars
in field trials in three countries was assessed. Recorded were: the number of plants per plot; maturity of plants; skin and
flesh colour; tuber deformity; time of emergence; flowering; number of stems and tubers per plant; tuber size, yield and dry
matter percentage; and the occurrence of common scab. Far more significant differences between clones than could be expected
by chance were found for the last eight characters. Most of the significant differences for number of stems per plant, number
of tubers, yield and tuber size distribution were found in six clones of three cultivars and were repeated at different locations
and in different years. It is concluded that significant clone differences exist and are repeated at independent locations
over the years. 相似文献
4.
The growth and yield of plants from different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed were evaluated on a per stem, per plant, and per unit area basis using either single or multiple-sprout tubers. In single-sprout tubers, haulm dry weight per stem 47 days after planting was greater in the 40–60 g tubers when compared with that in the 5–10 g or the 10–20 g tubers. This resulted in greater tuber weight per stem in the 40–60 g tubers throughout the growing season. The number of tubers per stem was not affected by seed tuber size. In multiple-sprout seed tubers of increasing size, total tuber number and total tuber weight, as well as weight of those tubers larger than 45 mm, increased on a per plant basis but decreased on a per stem basis. At different rates of planting, 1–5 g seed tubers produced smaller tubers than 5–10 g or 10–20 g seed tubers. Increased rate of planting resulted in non-significant yield increases per unit area in plots planted with 1–5 g seed tubers. The yield increases were significant when 5–10 g and 10–20 g seed tubers were planted at higher rates. The number of main stems per unit of seed tuber weight was five times greater in 1–5 g tubers compared with that in 40–60 g tubers. This resulted in low seed weights per hectare when small tubers were planted and in a high ratio of harvested to planted tuber weight. 相似文献
5.
Effect of seed production location on the performance of Russet Burbank clones in southern Australia
In this study, three clones of Russet Burbank were grown at five different seed production sites and one other clone was grown at three of these sites. Seed from these treatments was then evaluated at two commercial production sites, in Victoria and Tasmania. Production site had a significant effect on the subsequent performance. Plant establishment, vigor, maturity, and stem and tuber number per plant were influenced by seed production site. Seed from more southerly locations had increased plant emergence, greater early vigor, earlier maturity, and reduced stem and tuber numbers per plant. Differences between the Tasmanian, Ruen and Victorian Netted Gem clones were small and restricted to the numbers of stems and tubers produced, and some yield components. The Ballarat clone was late maturing and had a high total but low marketable yield due to high levels of oversized and misshapen tubers. However this clone also showed least dark end to the fried crisp. Interactions were detected between clone and seed production site but these have no practical significance. 相似文献
6.
In order to determine proper selection criteria for tuber yield in potato clones obtained from true potato seed (TPS) and
to evaluate relationships between tuber yield and its components, an investigation was conducted using the five check cultivars
Agria, Marfona, Draga, Agata, and Arinda, and 120 potato clones obtained from TPS. The study was conducted in an augmented
randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and its components were recorded. Correlation coefficient
analysis showed that tuber yield had significant positive associations with number of tubers per plant, average weight per
tuber (tuber size), plant height, diameter of main stem, and number of main and secondary stems per plant, whereas its correlation
with tuber dry-matter concentration was significantly negative. Number of tubers per plant, tuber size, and plant height had
significant standardized partial regression coefficients with very small tolerance and large variance inflation factor (VIF)
values. These were considered as the first-order variables in sequential path analysis. 相似文献
7.
Commercial potato minituber production systems aim at high tuber numbers per plant. This study investigated by which mechanisms
planting density (25.0, 62.5 and 145.8 plants/m2) of in vitro derived plantlets affected minituber yield and minituber number per plantlet. Lowering planting density resulted
in a slower increase in soil cover by the leaves and reduced the accumulated intercepted radiation (AIR). It initially also
reduced light use efficiency (LUE) and harvest index, and thus tuber weights per m2. At the commercial harvest 10 weeks after planting (WAP), LUE tended to be higher at lower densities. This compensated for
the lower AIR and led to only slightly lower tuber yields. Lowering planting density increased tuber numbers per (planted)
plantlet in all grades. It improved plantlet survival and increased stem numbers per plant. However, fewer stolons were produced
per stem, whereas stolon numbers per plant were not affected. At lower densities, more tubers were initiated per stolon and
the balance between initiation and later resorption of tubers was more favourable. Early interplant competition was thought
to reduce the number of tubers initiated at higher densities, whereas later-occurring interplant competition resulted in a
large fraction of the initiated tubers being resorbed at intermediate planting densities. At low planting densities, the high
number of tubers initiated was also retained. Shortening of the production period could be considered at higher planting densities,
because tuber number in the commercial grade > 9 mm did not increase any more after 6 WAP. 相似文献
8.
J. Moorby 《Potato Research》1967,10(3):189-205
Summary Seed pieces of varying size and bearing different numbers of uniform growing sprouts were planted in specific combinations.
Sequential harvests were made and the growth of the plants followed. There appeared to be competition between emerging sprouts
for nutrients and water from the soil. This competition influenced the number of stems produced per sprout and the size attained
by these stems.
There was no effect of size of the seed piece on the apparent time to tuber initiation. A constant number of tubers were formed
per stem despite large variations in stem size, but the final weight of tubers per stem was lower the greater the number of
stems per hill. The number of tubers larger than 2| inches (5.7 cm) remained constant over the whole range of stem numbers
per hill and the mean weights of tubers in the two size categories larger than 1| inches (3.2 cm) remained constant after
the second harvest. These results suggest that only a few of the tubers in each hill were growing rapidly at any one time.
There was no effect of cutting the seed tubers on any aspect of the growth of potatoes that was measured which could not be
attributed to an effect on either the size of the seed piece or on the number of sprouts per seed piece. 相似文献
9.
P. C. Struik A. J. Haverkort D. Vreugdenhil C. B. Bus R. Dankert 《Potato Research》1990,33(4):417-432
Summary Tuber-size distribution is regulated by many diverse, interacting mechanisms and is therefore difficult to understand and
manipulate. It is determined by plant density, number of stems per plant, number of tubers per stem, and yield. Seed size
and plant number per unit area are easy to control, but stem number is affected by less controllable factors. Interactions
between stems of different types are important for tuber-size distribution.
The hormonal regulation of stolonization and tuberization is still unknown, but under the conditions of north-west Europe
the process of tuber set (which is also poorly understood) makes a greater contribution to the final number of tubers than
tuberization. The total yield is also relevant, because it affects both the average tuber size and its variation.
Tubers on the same stem differ in timing, rate and duration of growth. The resulting hierarchy in sink strength is not consistent
over time. Several mechanisms are suggested for this hierarchy. 相似文献
10.
Hannelore Von Meltzer 《Potato Research》1992,35(3):297-303
Zusammenfassung In dreij?hrigen Feldversuchen führte eine Behandlung der Pflanzknollen mit vier Wachstumsregulatoren zu einer signifikanten
Erh?hung der Stengel- und Knollenzahl pro Pflanze sowie einer Verminderung der Knollenzahl pro Stengel. Die durch die Behandlung
erzielte signifikante Erh?hung des Pflanzgutertrages war jahres- und sortenabh?ngig. Eine hohe Effektivit?t der Behandlung
ist nur zu erwarten, wenn die Erh?hung der Stengelzahl nicht zu einer sorten- oder jahresbedingten starken Verminderung der
Knollenzahl pro Stengel führt.
Summary Growth regulators (K350, GA3, Azoluron and thiourea) were applied in a three-year field experiment to tubers of four large-tubered cultivars of different maturities (‘Arkula’, ‘Auralia’, ‘Dorisa’ and ‘Libana’). They produced significant increases in the numbers of stems and tubers per plant and a decrease in the number of tubers per stem. Only the most effective preparations increased the yield of seed and decreased overall yield, averaged over cultivar and year. Positive correlations between numbers of stems and tubers per plant contrasted with the negative correlation between the number of stems and number of tubers per stem (Fig. 1). The preparations ranked in effectiveness as follows: K350>GA3>thiourea>Azoluron, and this was reflected in the number of stems and tubers per plant (Table 2). Increases in number of stems resulting from treatment with the regulators effectively increased the yield of seed, but only if the increases were not accompanied by strong year or cultivar related reductions in the number of tubers per stem caused by inter-stem competition (Tables 3 and 4).相似文献
11.
Field performance comparisons between ex vitro plantlet-derived (EVPD) plants and seed tuber-derived (STD) plants ofRusset Burbank were conducted for two consecutive years under a short growing season in Quebec. The EVPD plants produced more potential seed tubers than STD plants although total tuber biomass of EVPD plants was less than that of STD plants. The frequency and weight distributions of tubers formed by the two types of propagates were different. The EVPD plants produced significantly more small sized tubers and fewer large sized tubers than the STD plants. Average tuber weight was less for EVPD than STD plants for each of five size categories. No significant differences were found in the fresh and dry weight of plants, leaves and stems at harvest time. However, plant height and growth habit differed between the two types of propagates. The EVPD plants had a unique appearance. They produced a single stem with extensive axillary bud development. The EVPD plants were apparently more susceptible to early water stress in the field than STD plants, probably due to an earlier production of stolons. No differences were found between ex vitro plantlet- or microtuber-derived plants, in plant growth or yield characteristics. 相似文献
12.
P. S. Hammes 《Potato Research》1985,28(1):119-121
Summary Excised eyes on 5 g of seed tuber tissue were used to grow plants with single stems. These were transplanted in the field
at densities of 120 000, 180 000 and 240 000 plants/ha, with in-row spacings of 16 or 33 cm. Total tuber yield was not affected,
although more tubers were produced at the high densities. Tuber numbers did not increase in proportion to the number of stems.
This was due to the fact that the number of tubers per stem decreased from a mean of 4.8 to 2.9 with increasing stem populations. 相似文献
13.
Potato minituber production using aeroponics: Effect of plant density and harvesting intervals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To optimize minituber production through aeroponics some horticultural management factors should be studied. Potato plantlets, cv Zorba, were grown aeroponically at two different plant densities (60 and 100 plants/m2). Plants showed an extended vegetative cycle of about 5 months after planting. A higher number of stolons was obtained at low plant densities. Tuber formation hastened when supplied N was reduced. Experiments on harvesting intervals (7, 10, and 14 days) indicated that for a density of 60 plants/m2, both number of minitubers and yield increased as harvesting interval decreased. Best results were achieved harvesting every 7 days: a total tuber yield of 118.6 g per plant was obtained (four times higher than for 100 plants/m2). Such a yield was composed, on the average, of 13.4 tubers with a mean tuber weight of 8.1 g. Harvesting intervals did not have an effect on the number of minitubers and yield for a density of 100 plants/m2. The best productivity obtained in this study was 800 minitubers/m2 for weekly harvests and a low plant density (60 plants/m2). We also studied the field performance of aeroponically produced minitubers vs those produced by hydroponics. Minituber behavior under field conditions was independent from the technique used for its production. 相似文献
14.
Summary Potatoes were grown in plots, pots or containers in a glasshouse or under a rainshelter. Water was withheld from emergence
onward or from tuber initiation onward in some treatments. The number of stolons per stem was greatly reduced but the number
of tubers + tuber initials per stolon remained unchanged (cv. Radosa) or increased (cv. Bintje) as a result of the earliest
drought treatment. The later dry period did not affect numbers of stolons and tubers (+ initials). These findings correspond
well with data from field trials which were sampled for 13 consecutive years and which showed a highly significant linear
relationship between the number of tubers per stem and total rainfall during the first 40 days after planting, which ranged
from 17.5 to 120 mm. 相似文献
15.
Field experiments were conducted to determine whether a hypovirulent, anastomosis group (AG) 3 isolate (Rhs 1A1) of R. solani could control rhizoctonia disease of potato caused by a virulent AG-3 isolate (Rhs 27). A uniform amount of Rhs 1A1, Rhs 27, or both was applied to formaldehyde-disinfected potato seed tubers at planting. In plots inoculated with Rhs 1A1 and Rhs 27, the area of infected stem tissue was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced by 56% as compared with that of plots inoculated with Rhs 27 alone. The number of stolons per plant was decreased by isolate Rhs 27 to one-half that of the uninoculated control, but remained unchanged in plots treated with both Rhs 1A1 and Rhs 27. The type of inoculum did not affect the percentage of infected stems or stolons. Plants inoculated with Rhs 1A1 alone exhibited a significantly (P = 0.05) greater growth response, expressed as a 4-fold increase in the dry weight of stolons, a 1.7-fold increase in the dry weight of stems, and reached full bloom approximately one week earlier than their respective control. Tuber yield increases associated with Rhs 1Al-treated plots were not statistically significant. When untreated seed tubers bearing natural inoculum (sclerotia) of R. solani were used, Rhs 1A1 failed to reduce disease severity or sig-nificantly stimulate plant growth. 相似文献
16.
本文对马铃薯30个杂交组合无性一代的14个性状与单株产量的相关关系作了估算,其中无效生育期、播后74天和92天冠层覆盖度、平均冠层覆盖度、最高冠层覆盖度、有效生育期、单株块茎数、单块重8个性状与单株产量的相关性达显著或极显著水平。进而对影响单株产量(y)的平均冠层覆盖度(x_1),有效生育期(x_2)、单株块茎数(x_3)、单个块茎重(x_4)进行通径分析。结果表明,该4个性状决定单株产量变异的94.61％,说明这4个性状是影响单株产量的决定因素。 相似文献
17.
Antje Moll 《Potato Research》1992,35(3):279-285
Zusammenfassung Die Pflanzgutvorbehandlung beeinflu?te die Stengelzahl signifikant. Abgekeimtes Pflanzgut der Sorten ‘Adretta’ und ‘Mariella’
entwickelte weniger Stengel und Knollen pro Pflanze jedoch mehr Knollen pro Stengel als vorgekeimtes und keimgestimmtes Pflanzgut.
Die st?rker negativen Korrelationen zwischen Stengelzahl pro Pflanze und Knollenzahl pro Stengel sowie die h?here Reduktionsrate
der angelegten Knollen bei der Sorte ‘Adretta’ weisen auf Sortenunterschiede in der Sch?rfe der Konkurrenz zwischen den Stengeln
und innerhalb der Knollenanlagen eines Stengels hin. Die Ernteknollenzahl wurde bei ‘Mariella’ wesentlich durch die Zahl der
Knollenanlagen, bei ‘Adretta’ hingegen st?rker durch die Reduktionsrate bestimmt.
Summary Three different seed treatments and two cultivars were studied over seven years of field experiments (Table 1). Differences were detected between the cultivars in all characteristics studied: numbers of stems, maximum number of tubers (tuber initials), the number of harvestable tubers (>3 cm) at maturity per plant and per stem, and tuber reduction (percentage of initiated tubers that did not develop). Apart from the number of harvestable tubers, there were also differences between seed treatments (Tables 2, 3 and 4). Chitted seed of ‘Mariella’ and sprouted seed of ‘Adretta’ gave the greatest number of tubers per plant (Tables 3 and 4). In both cases desprouting reduced the numbers of stems and tubers per plant but increased the number of harvestable tubers per stem. Chitted seed set the most tubers per plant and per stem but had the highest levels of tuber reduction (Table 4). Due to intra- and inter-stem competition in both cultivars the percentage tuber reduction is significantly correlated with the number of tuber initials (maximum tuber number, Table 5). Smaller numbers of tubers per stem (Table 3) and significantly negative correlations between the number of stems and the maximum and harvestable number of tubers per stem (Table 5) highlight the effect of strong inter-stem competition in ‘Adretta’. Moreover, in this cultivar intra-stem competition seems to play an important role too. The rate of tuber reduction was significantly higher than in ‘Mariella’ (Table 3), and the final number of tubers significantly depended on the percentage of tuber reduction during the period of tuber growth (r=0,57*, Table 5). In contrast, the number of harvestable tubers per plant in ‘Mariella’ was significantly correlated with the maximum tuber number during the period of tuber set (r=0,61*, Table 5).相似文献
18.
Antje Moll 《Potato Research》1992,35(3):287-295
Zusammenfassung In sieben Versuchsjahren beeinflusste die jahrestypische Stengelzahl die Zahl der Knollenanlagen pro Pflanze positiv (r=+0,77*) und der Knollenanlagen pro Stengel in der Tendenz negativ (r= −0,39). Die signifikanten Jahresunterschiede in der Zahl erntef?higer Knollen (>3 cm) pro Pflanze und pro Stengel wurden
in gewissem Grade durch die Zahl der angelegten Knollen (r= −0,53 bzw. +0,63), in st?rkerem Ausma? jedoch durch die jahrestypische Reduktionsrate der Knollen bestimmt (r= −0,72 bzw. −0,91*). Diese war hoch, wenn ein Wechsel von guter Wasserversorgung w?hrend der Knollenbildung zu Wassermangelsituationen w?hrend
der Knollenwachstumsphase erfolgte.
Summary In seven years of field experiments, there were significant differences in the numbers of stems per plant and the number of harvestable tubers (>3 cm) at maturity, per plant and per stem, averaged for two cultivars and three seed treatments (Table 1). There was only a weakly positive correlation between the typical stem number for each year and the number of harvestable tubers per plant (r= +0.2, Table 2), whilst the correlation with the number of tubers initiated was much closer (r= +0.77*, Table 2). The negative influence of number of stems on number of tubers per stem is shown byr= −0.39 and −0.47 (Table 2). Identical stem populations in the wet, cold spring of 1987, and the warm, dry season of 1983 initiated fewer tubers per stem than in 1989 with its average temperatures and modest precipitation (Table 1). Tuber set per plant and per stem correlated positively with the number of harvested tubers per plant and per stem (r= +0.53 and +0.63) and accounted for some of the yearly variation. A much stronger effect on the number of harvestable tubers came from the annual reduction of tubers (r= −0.72 and −0.91*, Table 2). This was high if the availability of water deteriorated in the period of growth succeeding tuber formation (Table 1, Fig. 1). The same applied to the seed treatments planted at different stages of development. Tuber development occurred earlier with chitted seed, often at times when there was an adequate water supply. A large number of tubers were initiated and these were in large part reduced in the short dry spells which followed (Figs 2 and 4). Irrigation programmes must take account of this relationship.相似文献
19.
D. C. E. Wurr C. C. Hole Jane R. Fellows Jane Milling J. R. Lynn P. J. O'Brien 《Potato Research》1997,40(3):297-306
Summary Five experiments studied the effects of shading, temperature and stolon growth medium on stolon and tuber formation. The lowest
numbers of stolons and tubers were produced at the higher and lower nodes. Numbers of primary stolons and tubers were relatively
stable across nodes and treatments and variation in total numbers was largely due to changes in numbers of lateral and branch
stolons. In the field, 70% shading reduced numbers of stolons and tubers by reducing lateral and branch stolons, while in
hydroponics, 45% shading and temperatures at initiation had no effect on tuber numbers. In both environments later planting
tended to reduce numbers of stolons and tubers. There were large effects of the physical environment, with compost producing
three times as many tubers as dry vermiculite. The potential number of tubers may be determined by the number of stolons and
the environmental conditions affecting stolon formation and development. 相似文献
20.
K. Scholte 《Potato Research》1989,32(3):367-376
Summary The effects of soil-borneRhizoctonia solani on yield and quality of potato were studied by an extensive individual plant sampling procedure. From 1983 to 1986, stem
canker and stolon pruning were examined in 10 768 plants growing on a sandy soil. Tuber yield and quality and haulm yield
per plant were also recorded.
The degree of attack byR. solani depended on the cropping frequency of potato. Severe and very severe stem and stolon attacks decreased fresh yield, dry matter
yield and dry matter content of tubers and increased the number of deformed and small tubers, whereas the effect on haulm
yield and stem number was small.
Potato cultivars differed in susceptibility toR. solani, but yield response did not differ significantly between cultivars at the same levels of stem and stolon infection. 相似文献