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驯鹿狂蝇蛆病是驯鹿狂蝇的各期（Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期）幼虫寄生于驯鹿鼻腔、咽喉等部位所引起的一种驯鹿疾病,该病在驯鹿群中流行严重,感染率在95％左右,对驯鹿的危害较大。试验对驯鹿狂蝇蛆Ⅲ期幼虫羽化的发育起点温度及有效积温进行了研究,现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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我国驯鹿皮蝇蛆病的研究概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国,驯鹿主要集中在内蒙古自治区根河市,数量已然不多,是一种濒危的动物,目前内蒙古自治区已经采取了必要的措施,对其进行了保护,并取得了满意的成效。然而某些寄生虫病严重地影响着驯鹿业的健康发展,其中驯鹿皮蝇蛆病就是其中的一种,给驯鹿养殖业造成了很大的损失。在我国关于驯鹿皮蝇蛆病的科技文献几乎空白,因此,本文对驯鹿皮蝇蛆病的病原体、流行病学、致病状况、防治等方面做一个综合性的概括,以增加人们对此病的了解,也为以后对此病的进一步研究提供一些参考。 相似文献
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世界上以牧养驯鹿为主要生产方式的人数不多,分布在欧亚大陆和北美洲北部等地。在中国,驯鹿主要分布在呼伦贝尔大兴安岭林区东北部,被鄂温克族人当做主要的生产资料和生活资料而广泛利用。在蒙古国,驯鹿分布于蒙古国库苏古尔省西北部的原始森林中,由查坦族人牧养,既是他们狩猎生产的交通和役力工具,又是他们主要的经济来源。同时,驯鹿驯化史和部落的民族史紧密地联系在一起。本文从中蒙两国驯鹿养殖产业的现状、存在的问题及驯鹿产业的发展进行了论述,旨在比较中蒙两国驯鹿产业的优缺点,进而为促进两国驯鹿产业的发展献计献策。 相似文献
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驯鹿,环北极分布,广泛分布于北美洲北部、欧亚大陆以及一些大型岛屿上的寒带、亚寒带针叶林地区和冻土苔原地区。对由于侧重点的不一致,不同学者不同时期,驯鹿亚种的划分也大不相同,世界上对驯鹿亚种的划分一直未有比较权威说法。本文根据Valerius Geist学者在1998年提出的划分方法,又结合其他学者的方法,将世界上的驯鹿划分为17个亚种,其中有两个亚种灭绝。对每个亚种的生态分布做了大致介绍,搜集和统计了各个亚种的数量变化情况,从而对世界上驯鹿亚种的分布和数量有一个比较直观的了解。对驯鹿大幅度减少的原因,并提出了几点意见,以期为今后的驯鹿保护工作奠定一些理论基础。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(17)
驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)是耐寒能力极高的极地动物,目前处于一种野生或半驯化状态,其广泛分布在环极地区,我国大兴安岭鄂温克猎民分布区有人工饲养种群。驯鹿是高寒地区人类的重要伴侣动物和经济动物,具有巨大的文化和经济价值。近年来,气候剧烈变化,食物减少,以及某些寄生虫导致的疾病,使驯鹿的生活周期发生改变,种群数量不断减少。目前对驯鹿的研究主要集中在生物多样性保护、寒冷耐受、遗传适应性和后基因组学等领域。文章综述了驯鹿生物学特征和种群多样性现状,并对国外近年来的驯鹿高发疾病进行了综述,以期为科学制订驯鹿的保护措施及哺乳动物的驯化过程提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《中国兽药杂志》2003,37(6):21
日前 ,研究人员在美国明尼苏达州的一家农场中饲养的驯鹿身上检测到了西尼罗热病毒 (WestNilevirus)。美国动物健康联合委员会在一次关于圈养野生动物和非传统饲养动物的会议上发布了此消息。该发现是在一家农场的 2只驯鹿幼仔和另一家农场的 1头 1 0岁雄性驯鹿在不到 2 4h内死亡后被证实的。人们起初认为死亡的雄性驯鹿患得是慢性消耗性疾病 ,但是其很快表现出感染西尼罗热病毒的典型症状。虽然这 3只死亡的驯鹿都没有做西尼罗热的有关检测 ,但是在第二家农场进行的 1次检测中 ,人们在 1只雄性驯鹿身上检测到了该病毒 ,证明了驯鹿体内存在… 相似文献
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王冠玉 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2022,(3):178-180
中国驯鹿目前主要被放养在根河、金河和阿龙山等地,目前存栏约1000余只.由于半野生半驯化的特殊饲养方式和山林恶劣的生存环境,我国驯鹿正面临着严重的疫病威胁,防疫工作稍有不慎将可能对中国驯鹿物种造成毁灭性的打击.特殊的生活方式、特殊的生活习性,导致中国驯鹿存栏过于稀少,且在全国其他地区无法生存,所以中国驯鹿疫病防治方面没... 相似文献
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驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)是我国重要的具有浓郁民族特色的动物,同时也是我国鄂温克族人民独有的经济动物,具有较高的经济价值、观赏价值和学术研究价值。受栖息地、种群和管理等因素的影响,中国驯鹿种群发展持续不前。笔者通过实地调查,详细掌握了我国驯鹿种群的现状,对造成我国驯鹿种群发展缓慢的原因进行了归纳分析,并提出了相应的保护策略。 相似文献
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Bill Manktelow 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):252-253
Roger Marshall was born in Christchurch on 27 May 1933 and died at his home in Palmerston North on 24 October 2001. He graduated BVSc from the University of Sydney in 1958 and began his professional career in clinical veterinary practice in Morrinsville. Wishing to specialise in veterinary microbiology, he later enrolled in the postgraduate course for the Diploma in Microbiology at the University of Otago under Professor JAR Miles. On gaining the Diploma in 1963, Roger was appointed a foundation lecturer in veterinary microbiology in the newly formed Faculty of Veterinary Science at Massey University. 相似文献
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奶牛发情周期中毛 唾液和乳汁孕酮水平的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了11头奶牛一个发情周期里毛、唾液、乳汁中孕酮(P_4)含量。经产牛(n=8)的毛和唾液中P_4水平变化与乳汁中P_4水平变化一致。青年牛(n=3)的毛和睡液中的P_4水平变化一致,并分别与经产牛毛和唾液中P_4水平变化一致。7头配种后的经产牛和5头配种后的青年牛分别取20和23天的样品进行妊娠诊断,与配种后60天的直检结果相对照,依据经产牛毛、乳P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率分别是85.7％(6/7)和100％(7/7),依据青年牛毛P_4水平进行妊娠诊断的阳性准确率为100％(5/5)。 相似文献
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Kazunari USHIDA Akio KISHIMOTO Shong-Ji PIAO Mitsugi ITOH Akira SHIGA Nobuo NAKANISHI Takamitsu TSUKAHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):556-561
Diarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non-infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper-lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non-infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases. 相似文献
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The aim of this comparative study was to gain more information about the metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids in cats and dogs in order to establish non-invasive methods for evaluating stressful conditions. Therefore, in a first experiment, [14C]cortisol was administered intravenously to 8 animals (two of each sex and species). Over a period of 6 days, faeces and urine were collected immediately after spontaneous defecation and urination. Marked species differences were found, as cats mainly excreted cortisol in the faeces (82%±4% of the total recovered radioactivity), whereas in dogs only a small portion was found there (23%±4%). The highest urinary radioactivity was observed after 9±3 h in cats and 3±1 h in dogs. Peak concentrations in the faeces occurred after 22±6 h in cats and after 24±4 h in dogs. Most of the radioactivity was not extractable with diethyl ether, indicating that the metabolites excreted in urine and faeces were mainly of the conjugated or polar unconjugated types. This was confirmed by RP-HPLC, which also revealed marked differences between cats and dogs concerning the metabolites formed. In addition, the immunoreactivity of the metabolites was tested in cortisol, corticosterone and 11-oxoaetiocholanolone EIAs. The latter, measuring 11,17-dioxoandrostanes (11,17-DOA) detected the highest quantities of immunoreactive metabolites in cats, but not in dogs. In a second experiment, the adrenal cortex of both species was stimulated by ACTH and, three weeks later, suppressed by dexamethasone. In this study, only faeces were collected over a period of 7 days. In both species, inter-animal variability in the basal and maximal/minimal faecal cortisol metabolite concentrations and the time course was observed. The 11-oxoaetiocholanolone EIA in cats and the cortisol EIA in dogs proved best suited for monitoring changes in adrenocortical activity. ACTH injections resulted in an increase above baseline values of 355% (median) in 11,17-DOA concentrations in cats and of 702% in the concentrations of cortisol equivalents in dogs by about 25 h and 22 h (median) after injection, respectively. Minimal concentrations after dexamethasone administration were about 17% in cats and 31% in dogs (in relation to baseline values) and were reached in 66 h and 72 h, respectively. It was concluded that measuring cortisol metabolites in faeces should be a useful non-invasive tool for monitoring stress in carnivores. 相似文献
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牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸不同植物类群地上生物量生产率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2年的牦牛放牧试验表明:除不同植物本身的生理特性外,降水和地温是影响小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场不同植物类群地上生物量绝对生长率的关键因素。小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场地上总生物量的绝对生长率1999年在7月份最大;1998年,冷季草场各放牧处理的绝对生长率在8月份达到最大,暖季草场的对照组和轻牧组在7月份最大,中牧组和重牧组在8月份最大。不同植物类群地上生物量生长率的变化不尽相同。1998年,冷季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,暖季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率7月份达到最大,且9月份出现了营养的再次积累;1999年,冷季草场禾草地上生物量的绝对生长率在6月份和8月份出现了两个峰值,暖季草场禾草地生物量的绝对生长率在7月份达到最大。对杂草类而言,1998年冷季草场的绝对生长率6月份最大,暖季草场重牧组的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,其他各处理7月份达到最大;1999年重牧组杂草的绝对生长率在6月份达到最大,其他各处理杂草在8月份达到最大。 相似文献
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本研究旨在观察禁食是否对生长期北京鸭腺胃ghrelin免疫阳性细胞生成有影响。用免疫组织化学的方法检测25、35、50日龄的北京鸭(已经禁食72 h)单位面积(mm2)腺胃组织中ghrelin阳性细胞数目。研究发现在这3个时期,不管是禁食组还是自由采食组,大量ghrelin阳性细胞多分布于腺胃深层复管状腺中;禁食组腺胃中gh-relin阳性细胞数目比自由采食组极显著增加(P0.01)。结果提示:禁食是影响腺胃产生有活性ghrelin的重要因素。 相似文献
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A recent study has suggested a central role for hyperactivated sperm motility in successful equine in vitro fertilization, as the highest apparent fertilization rates reported yet were obtained using exogenous stimulation of hyperactivated motility in sperm that had been incubated for capacitation. Hyperactivated motility has been studied intensively in other species, but little data are available in this area in the horse. Hyperactivated motility is associated with an influx of calcium from the extracellular space, and in other species this occurs because of an increase in intracellular pH during capacitation. Influx of calcium seems to trigger changes in flagellar function through calcium–calmodulin–calmodulin kinase-related effects on dynein function, but the exact mechanisms resulting in hyperactivated motility are still unclear. We have been exploring the physiology of hyperactivated motility in stallion spermatozoa and have found many of the mechanisms present in other species to be in place in the stallion. Further research is needed to determine why stallion spermatozoa seem to fail to undergo hyperactivation in response to capacitating environments that support this activity in other species. 相似文献
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本研究对规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子进行了四季监测,结果表明,鲜粪中含水率两类牛群夏季最高、春季最低;风干粪样中,除产奶牛夏季全氮和全磷外,产奶牛和育成牛5项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质＞全氮＞全磷＞锌＞铜;两类牛群全磷含量夏季最高、秋季最低,有机质含量春季最高、夏季最低,铜和锌含量夏季均最低;产奶牛全氮含量夏季最低、春季最高,铜含量春季最高,锌含量冬季最高;育成牛全氮含量夏季最高、秋季最低,铜含量秋季最高,锌含量春季最高. 相似文献
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Deborah C. Silverstein DVM DACVECC Janet Aldrich DVM Steve C. Haskins DVM MS DACVECC DACVA Kenneth J. Drobatz DVM MSCE DACVECC DACVIM Larry D. Cowgill DVM PhD DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2005,15(3):185-192
Objective: To determine the continuous changes in blood volume in response to fluid administration using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: Four healthy dogs. Interventions: Each dog received intravenous boluses of 80 mL/kg of 0.9% saline (S), 4 mL/kg of 7.5% saline (HS), 20 mL/kg of dextran 70 (D), 20 mL/kg of hetastarch (HES), or no fluids (control, C) on separate occasions. Fluids were administered at 150 mL/min in the S, D, and HES groups, and at 1 mL/kg/min in the HS group. Measurements and main results: Blood volume changes were measured every 20 seconds for 240 minutes using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. There was a rapid rise in blood volume during all infusions. Immediately after the administration of crystalloid fluids, the rapid rise in blood volume ceased. Subsequently, there was a steep decline in blood volume for 10 minutes, and a slower decline thereafter. In contrast, the rise in blood volume continued for at least 10 minutes after the infusion of the colloids was complete, and a plateau was observed for the remainder of the experiment. The blood volume effect, as measured by area under the curve, was significantly greater in the saline group than the other groups during the infusion time and for the 0–240 minutes time period. The areas under the curve for the two colloid solutions were not significantly different from each other during any time periods. The percent increase in blood volume immediately following the infusions was 76.4±10.0 in the S group, 17.1±3.2 in the HS group, 23.0±10.5 in the D group, and 27.2±6.4 in the HES group. At 30 minutes from the start of the infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volumes were 35.2±9.3 in the S group, 12.3±0.9 in the HS group, 35.9±7.3 in the D group, and 36.8±6.5 in the HES group. At 240 h post‐infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volume were 18.0±9.7 in the S group, 2.9±6.1 in the HS group, 25.6±16.1 in the D group, and 26.6±8.6 in the HES group. The C group had a mean percent change in blood volume of ?3.7±3.4 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: This study indicates that the rapid administration of saline at clinically relevant doses leads to the largest immediate increase in blood volume, although this change is transient because of rapid redistribution of the fluid. Despite a brief increase in blood volume that was almost 3 times the volume administered, hypertonic saline led to the smallest increase in blood volume post‐infusion. The synthetic colloid solutions increased the blood volume by an amount greater than that infused and the effect was sustained for a longer period of time than seen following crystalloid administration, but the maximum increase in blood volume was significantly less than saline. The measurement of continuous changes in blood volume, using an in‐line hematocrit monitor, was a useful means of assessing the dynamic effects of fluid administration in dogs in a research setting. 相似文献
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A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of immunosuppression by cyclophosphamide or methylprednisolone on the clinicopathological alterations in respiratory absidiosis in rabbits. Infected rabbits showed respiratory distress that was more severe in immunosuppressed groups. Leukocytosis due to neutrophilia was observed in the non-immunosuppressed group in the initial stages, whereas leukopenia was observed in both the immunosuppressed groups initially, owing to polymorphopenia in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and to lymphopenia in the methylprednisolone-treated group, followed by leukocytosis in both groups. Total serum proteins increased significantly in the non-immunosuppressed group but were significantly decreased in the immunosuppressed groups. Serum creatinine increased significantly in all the infected groups from 20 days post inoculation (DPI) onwards. Blood urea nitrogen increased significantly in the initial stages only in the methylprednisolone-treated group. AST and ALT also showed significant increases in the infected animals. Total serum immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes increased gradually in all three infected groups, except for an initial significant drop in the immunosuppressed rabbits. Re-isolation of fungus was only achieved from the lungs of infected rabbits up to 15 DPI in the non-immunosuppressed group and 30 DPI in the immunosuppressed groups. Pathological lesions in all the infected groups were found mainly in the lungs and consisted of pyogranulomas. The lesions were most severe in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and least severe in the non-immunosuppressed group. 相似文献