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引起花生果腐病的新孢镰刀菌及其生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>0引言花生果腐病(俗称花生烂果病)是一种世界性土传病害,主要导致花生荚果腐烂。近年来花生果腐病在我国山东、河南、河北等花生主产区日趋严重,造成15%以上的减产甚至绝收[1]。国内外已报道的花生果腐病病原菌有Sclerotium minor[2]、Neocosmospora vasinfecta[3,4]、N. striata[5]、Fusarium sp.[6]、Pythium myriotylum[7]和Rhizoctonia solani[8]。其中,我国不同地域的花生果腐病病原菌有N. vasinfecta[3,4]、N. striata[5]、Fusarium sp.[6]、P. myriotylum[7]和R. solani[8]。 相似文献
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<正>0引言山药(Dioscorea oppositifolia L．)是薯蓣科薯蓣属植物,可作为药用或食用材料[1],广泛分布于全球热带及亚热带地区,在我国河南、山东、江苏、广西和江西等省份都有种植。山药生产中以块茎无性繁殖方式为主,导致病毒病发生严重[2]。侵染山药的病毒主要包括马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)[3]、杆状DNA病毒属(Badnavirus)[4]、香石竹潜隐病毒属(Carlavirus)[5]以及蚕豆病毒属(Fabavirus)[6]的一些病毒。 相似文献
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<正>0引言凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)为凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)凤仙花属(Impatiens)一年生草本植物,在我国大部分地区均有分布。栽培过程中凤仙花真菌病害主要有白粉病、褐斑病、炭疽病和立枯病等[1-2]。有关凤仙花病毒病的报道,如番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)[3]、凤仙花坏死斑点病毒(impatiens necrotic spot virus,INSV)[4]、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)[5-6]、烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)[7]、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)[8]、长叶车前花叶病毒(ribgrass mosaic virus,RMV)[9]等均可侵染凤仙花。 相似文献
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<正>0 引言河南省是我国玉米小麦的种植大省,玉米和小麦的种植面积常年保持在3 800千公顷和5 670千公顷以上。玉米黄花叶病毒(maize yellow mosaic virus, MaYMV)是2016年在我国云南省玉米上首次发现的一种新病毒[1],属于马铃薯卷叶病毒属(polerovirus),能够引起玉米植株叶片黄化、花叶、红叶等症状[6],之后该病毒在亚洲[1-2]、非洲[3-4]、南美洲[5]等地区禾本科作物上均有发现, 相似文献
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<正>0引言国内由链格孢属(Alternaria)和弯孢属(Curvularia)真菌引起的玉米叶斑病在黑龙江、吉林、河南、海南等地都有报道[1-8];在青海发生的玉米叶斑病多由Alternaria引起[9];而在辽宁、内蒙古、北京、河北、山东、陕西和四川等地发生的玉米叶斑病多由Curvularia引起[6,10-12]。根据多基因序列分析鉴定的种有A. burnsii[3];据rDNA ITS[4,9]或多基因[3]鉴定的种有A. alternata、A. tenuissima和Alternaria sp.; 相似文献
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基于中文Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ平台和Ａｃｃｅｓ２．０关系型数据库建立的“进出境热带作物病毒检疫咨询系统（ＣＳＱＶＴＰＶｅｒ１．０）,采用了面向对象的编程技术。系统数据库包含了６个基本数据表和４个关联表,收录了８６种植物病毒特征信息、１２９个国家和地区有关植物病毒的进境检疫要求以及２１００余种热带作物的中文和拉丁文名称信息。 相似文献
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梭梭适应干旱环境的多样性研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
分别生长在沙地和龟裂地的梭梭，不仅其形态结构上发生了很大变化，相庆地在生理上也出现了明显差异。另外在生化指标上的差别也比较显著。从而在进化过程中旱生植物梭梭对逆境适应遥多样性和合理性。 相似文献
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Summary. Peas, barley and linseed were grown in water-cuture. Roots were divided into two portions and contained in separate vessels. The effect of herbicides applied to one-third of the roots was compared with their effect when applied to the whole root system.
Propham, chlorpropham, atratone and 2,3,6-TBA killed the plant whether application was to one-third or all of the roots. Roots in direct contact with propham, chlorpropham and 2,3,6-TBA were deformed or killed, while roots in uncontaminated solution remained healthy. The effect of atratone and high concentrations of chlorpropham on a portion of the roots was transmitted to roots not in the toxic solution.
Certain concentrations of MCPA and DNOC applied to the whole root system killed the plant while three times the concentration to one-third of the roots caused local damage but had little effect on the plant as a whole. Sufficient herbicide may be taken up by one- third of the roots from high concentrations to kill the whole plant.
TGA gave variable results with respect to the health of the aerial portion of the plant but had no obvious direct effect on root growth.
Propham, chlorpropham, atratone and 2,3,6-TBA reduced transpiration rates whether applied to part or whole root systems. MCPA and DNOC prevented water uptake by roots with which they Were in direct contact.
Etudes sur les réactions de certaines plantes à des herbicides appliqués aux racines I. Effet d'une application localisée 相似文献
Propham, chlorpropham, atratone and 2,3,6-TBA killed the plant whether application was to one-third or all of the roots. Roots in direct contact with propham, chlorpropham and 2,3,6-TBA were deformed or killed, while roots in uncontaminated solution remained healthy. The effect of atratone and high concentrations of chlorpropham on a portion of the roots was transmitted to roots not in the toxic solution.
Certain concentrations of MCPA and DNOC applied to the whole root system killed the plant while three times the concentration to one-third of the roots caused local damage but had little effect on the plant as a whole. Sufficient herbicide may be taken up by one- third of the roots from high concentrations to kill the whole plant.
TGA gave variable results with respect to the health of the aerial portion of the plant but had no obvious direct effect on root growth.
Propham, chlorpropham, atratone and 2,3,6-TBA reduced transpiration rates whether applied to part or whole root systems. MCPA and DNOC prevented water uptake by roots with which they Were in direct contact.
Etudes sur les réactions de certaines plantes à des herbicides appliqués aux racines I. Effet d'une application localisée 相似文献
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稻区杂草上的梨孢菌与稻瘟病发生的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
新发现的稻曲病菌白化菌株其分生孢子座白色,厚垣孢子表面光滑,大小为3.5-6.0×3.5-6.8μm。在麦芽糖-稻芽浸渍液中可产生较多的分生孢子。pH值为6时生长最好。普通培养基中加入几种供试碳源和氮源均有利于菌落生长,以蔗糖为碳源,浓度为2%或以L-天门冬酰胺为氮源浓度为0.2%~0.3%时时其菌落生长有促进作用。培养过程中可产生对稻种萌发有抑制作用的毒素,而固体培养时产毒能力高于液体培养。白化菌株回接到水稻上可重新产生白色稻曲球。该菌和稻曲病菌的酯酶同功酶和RAPD扩增谱带明显不同。可见白化菌株具有独立于稻曲病菌的新的分类地位。 相似文献
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可溶性硅在植物抵御病害中的作用 总被引：36，自引：2，他引：34
硅是地球表面最丰富的元素之一。尽管硅在植物中的生理和营养作用显得很有限,但其在抵御病害方面的特殊"本领"已引起研究者的广泛重视。本文从硅在植物抵御病害中的作用、施用方式及其抗病机理等几个方面,对国外有关娃在植物抗病中作用的研究进展作了较为全面的综述,并提出了这一研究领域存在的若干问题。 相似文献
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THE EFFECTS OF SUB-LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CROPS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary. The effect of sub-lethal doses of MCPA-sodium on the growth, yield and marketability of summer cabbage lettuce was studied in seventeen replicated field experiments.
Initial epinasty was produced by doses as low as 0.002 lb/ac a.e., and formative effects of the leaves developed at doses below 0.01 lb/ac. In plants treated at early or intermediate growth stages, two distinct types of formative effects occurred, With doses in the range 0.0025-0.03 lb/ac, a zone of characteristic abnormal leaves developed. This reduced the marketability of the crop and the maturity was delayed, but the weight per plant at harvest was not affected. At higher doses these a abnormal leaves were not evident but the whole plant became distorted, growth was suppressed and few marketable plants were produced. In plants treated at the hearting stage, plant weight and maturity were not affected, but the marketability was reduced at doses of 0.01 lb/ac and above. The effects produced by MCPA in cos and curly crisp lettuce were compared with those produced in cabbage lettuce. 相似文献
Initial epinasty was produced by doses as low as 0.002 lb/ac a.e., and formative effects of the leaves developed at doses below 0.01 lb/ac. In plants treated at early or intermediate growth stages, two distinct types of formative effects occurred, With doses in the range 0.0025-0.03 lb/ac, a zone of characteristic abnormal leaves developed. This reduced the marketability of the crop and the maturity was delayed, but the weight per plant at harvest was not affected. At higher doses these a abnormal leaves were not evident but the whole plant became distorted, growth was suppressed and few marketable plants were produced. In plants treated at the hearting stage, plant weight and maturity were not affected, but the marketability was reduced at doses of 0.01 lb/ac and above. The effects produced by MCPA in cos and curly crisp lettuce were compared with those produced in cabbage lettuce. 相似文献
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非嗜食植物中的昆虫产卵驱避物及其利用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
产卵是植物性昆虫生命周期中的一个重要环节，它能反映昆虫与植物相互作用的某些特点以及植食性昆虫对植物利用的策略。植物中的驱避物质在调节昆虫产卵行为过程中超着十分重要的作用。大量研究结果表明：许多非嗜食植物含有对昆虫产卵有驱避作用的次生化合物。研究植物中的昆虫产卵驱避物质不仅能在理论上加深对植食性昆虫产卵机制，植食性昆虫与植物间的相互关系以及昆虫群落构建机制等的认识，同时在害虫综合治理中有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献