首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
A survey of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of the Italian Mediterranean breed was carried out in Campania, a region of southern Italy. In addition, a molecular study was performed on 48 hydatid cysts coming from 48 water buffaloes in order to determine the Echinococcus granulosus strain(s) present in this host. Out of a total of 722 water buffaloes examined for CE, 76 (10.5%) were found infected. The average number of cysts per buffalo was 4.3 (minimum 1, maximum 45). Seventeen buffaloes had hydatid cysts only in the liver (with an average of 5 cysts/liver), 34 only in the lungs (with an average of 1.8 cysts/lungs), and 25 buffaloes had cysts both in the liver and in the lungs. Fertile cysts were found in 10 (13.2%) out of the 76 positive buffaloes. The sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene of the 48 hydatid cysts produced sequences of 419 bp for each sample analysed. For 33 samples, alignment of the obtained sequences with those present in GenBank showed a total homology with the common domestic sheep strain G1; for 15 samples, sequences obtained showed 100% homology with buffalo strain G3. The findings of the present survey represent the first epidemiological and molecular comprehensive studies on CE in water buffalo from an endemic area for E. granulosus.  相似文献   

2.
Sheep from the areas of Fondouk-Jeddid, Bir Mchergua and El Fahs, located in the Northeast of Tunisia, were examined by ultrasonography between 2001 and 2004 in order to assess their infection with Echinococcus granulosus, the agent of hydatid disease, and to evaluate this method as an efficient aire for hydatid cysts. A total of 1039 sheep, aged between 1 and 14 years was examined. The highest prevalence was found in sheep aged more than 8 years. The least infected animals were aged between 1 and 2 years. All hydatid cysts detected by ultrasound were located in the liver. In all age-groups, the dead cysts were more numerous than viable cysts. Eighteen positive sheep were autopsied and a comparison between ultrasound and autopsy results was performed. The results showed a prevalence of about 40% for the three areas. Ultrasonography allowed the cysts, deep or superficial to localize in the central or left part in relation to the caudal vena cava of the animals. Consequently, all the cysts were not detected with this technique. This work shows that ultrasonography confirms the importance of ovine hydatid cyst in Tunisia and that its use as a mass screening approach for cystic echinococcosis in sheep could be helpful for the monitoring of this disease in a hydatid control program without great stress for the animals.  相似文献   

3.
了解当前四川省家畜包虫病流行状况,为国家防治包虫病行动计划和省包虫病综合防控工程规划的启动和实施提供基础数据。通过眼观、触摸、刀切囊肿的方法检查定点屠宰场牛、羊的肝、肺包虫病感染情况,采用细粒棘球绦虫犬粪抗原抗体夹心ELISA检查犬感染情况,采用问卷、实地走访、座谈等方式进行基线调查。若尔盖、理塘和色达3个县的牛包虫病平均感染率、羊包虫病平均感染率、犬感染细粒棘球绦虫平均感染率分别为21.27%(67/315)、29.52%(62/210)、14.57%(44/302);随机调查12个村,464个人中有12人曾患包虫病(2.59%)。"包虫病传播途径、动物能否传播给人、家犬如何驱虫、病畜内脏如何处理"4项包虫病常识的单项认知率分别为33.33%、44.17%、34.17%、38.33%。包虫病在我省部分疫区流行广泛,危害严重,犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率和牛、羊的包虫病感染率之间存在一定的相关性。通过采取加大财政专项投入,加强传染源的控制,加强家畜防治和屠宰监督管理,加大宣传教育力度等综合防控措施才能有效地防控包虫病。  相似文献   

4.
From 1991 to 1993, an investigation into the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was carried out in the Falkland Islands to evaluate the progress of the hydatid eradication campaign. The prevalence of CE in sheep was assessed using abattoir and farm slaughter data, and the exposure of dogs to the parasite was estimated using immunological techniques. A total of 59 466 sheep was examined at slaughter for E. granulosus and T. hydatigena cysts and the entire dog population of the Falkland Islands (n = 908) was examined by ELISA for the presence of specific serum antibodies to E. granulosus (IgG, IgA and IgE). In addition, a subsample of dogs (n = 464) was tested for the presence of E. granulosus antigens in faeces (copro-antigens). The prevalence of CE in sheep increased significantly during the period of the study from 0.11% in 1991 to 0.47% in 1993. Nineteen (2.1%) of 908 dog sera tested were seropositive, and eight dogs (1.7%) of 464 tested were positive in the copro-antigen assay. The combined use of abattoir surveillance, specific antibody and copro-antigen assay suggested that there were several locations in the Falkland Islands where the life cycle of E. granulosus may still perpetuate. Specific deficiencies in the eradication effort in those locations could be identified through follow-up questionnaires.  相似文献   

5.
In Sweden echinococcosis is uncommon in domestic animals. In reindeer in the most northern part of the country echinococcosis was found. Of 1453 pairs of lungs, 23 pairs (1.6 %) were infected with hydatid cysts. These were of two types: typical well-developed hydatid cysts, which were found in nine of the 23 infected lungs, and collapsed hydatid cysts, which were found in 13 of the lungs. In only one lung pair both types of cysts were seen.  相似文献   

6.
A literature review on the current situation of echinococcosis in Central Europe is given. The only final host for Echinococcus granulosus in this region ist the dog. The infection rate of dogs with E. granulosus in Central Europe is less than 1%. According to meat inspection statistics in Germany less than 0.008% of sheep, pigs and horses carry larval stages of E. granulosus. Parasitologically confirmed is the occurrence of a cattle-dog strain, the cysts of which were found in 0.26% of slaughter cattle. It is not known whether this strain infects also man as does the sheep-dog strain. Cases of cystic echinococcosis (E. granulosus) diagnosed in Central Europe are often imported from mediterranean countries. In Baden-Wurtemberg, the only state where human cases of echinococcosis are recorded, 50-100 cases are diagnosed per year. In areas with endemic E. multilocularis infection also dogs and cats may be infected with the adult worm besides the red fox. Recent investigations have revealed that not only in classical endemic areas (Switzerland, Austria, Baden-Wurtemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate) foxes have infection rates of up to 67% but that E. multilocularis-infection is also wide-spread in Thuringia, Hesse, Northrhine-Westphalia and in the southern parts of Lower Saxony. The most northern infested area seems to be the region of Detmold (infection rate of foxes 9%). The infection rates with alveolar echinococcosis (E. multilocularis) in humans even in endemic areas are low. In Baden-Wurtemberg 140 new cases became known during the past ten years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
The aim of this study was to determine the fertility and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered sheep and cattle. Cysts were collected from the liver and lungs of 169 sheep and 171 cattle infected with Echinococcus granulosus when slaughtered in industrial abattoir in Sari, Iran, 2007–2008. Fertility was determined by the examination of cyst fluid for the presence of protoscoleces. The viability of the protoscoleces was assessed by staining with 0.1% aqueous eosin solution. The fertility rates of hepatic cyst of sheep and cattle were 47.1% and 1.4%, respectively and the fertility rates of pulmonary cyst of sheep and cattle were 39.4% and 8.1%. In the sheep, the fertility of cysts in the liver was higher than that in lungs, but in the cattle the fertility of cysts in lungs was higher than liver. The viability of protoscoleces of fertile cysts for sheep and cattle were about 76.9% and 82.5%, respectively. Based on the finding in the present study, effort should be made to control transmission of cystic echinococcosis by safe disposal of Echinococcus cysts such that dogs cannot have access to the cysts.  相似文献   

8.
This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence and fertility of hydatid cysts in sheep in Kirikkale, Turkey. A total of 3.2% of 553 lambs and 50.9% of 1320 adults were found to be infected with hydatid cysts. The most common locations of cysts were in the liver and lung. Liver cysts tended to be more fertile than lung cysts (81.53% v. 76.47%), though the difference was not significant. The mean number of viable protoscoleces in the liver and lung cysts were 12,400 and 5,800, respectively. In general, 1-10 cysts were found in liver (51.8%) and lung (64.7%). The findings of this study indicate that hydatid cysts are common in sheep and the fertility rate of cysts is quite high. Sheep play an important role in the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in this region.  相似文献   

9.
Unilocular hydatid disease in humans is of world-wide importance. While surgical removal is the usual treatment, the drug mebendazole has been reported as being active against the cyst wall; other potentially valuable drugs are likely to become available. Naturally infected sheep would be a suitable model for testing drugs against hydatid disease, and a method for selecting infected animals from flocks in areas with a high incidence of this condition would be valuable. To determine whether radiographic examinaiton of the thorax would be a satisfactory method of identifying cysts, the authors radiographed and then killed 93 cull ewes. At necropsy, the lungs were examined, and the nature and distribution of cysts were noted and compared with the findings obtained separately by radiology. A similar study was made on a sheep infected experimentally with a large number of Echinococcus granulosus ova. The technique of thoracic radiography in sheep is described. These studies indicate that there are four different morphologic manifestations of ovine hydatid cyst that may be reliably identified by radiologic examination. They also show that thoracic radiology provides a method for detecting active hydatid infection in sheep and for following the progress of individual cysts.  相似文献   

10.
A study on the prevalence of hydatidosis in cattle, goats and sheep was carried out in Ngorongoro district of Arusha region, Tanzania. A 4-years data records from four slaughter slabs were retrieved and analysed. In addition, meat inspection was done in the same slaughter slabs for nine months and 64 households were interviewed to assess the community awareness on hydatidosis. Results showed the overall prevalence of hydatidosis to be 47.9%. Species prevalence of 48.7%, 34.7% and 63.8% in cattle, goats and sheep respectively was recorded. Of 174 cysts examined in cattle, 37 (21.3%) were fertile, 126 (72.4%) were sterile and 11 (6.3%) were calcified. Out of 215 goats and 67 sheep cysts examined, 52 (24.7%) and 26 (38.8%) were fertile, 138 (64.2%) and 38 (56.7%) were sterile, 24 (11.2%) and 3 (4.5%) were calcified respectively. The higher percentage of fertile hydatid cysts in sheep and goats coupled with the practice of backyard slaughter of sheep and goats suggests that, these animals could be important intermediate hosts for the maintenance of the domestic life cycle of E. granulosus in the locality. Questionnaire survey revealed that 17.2% of the respondents were aware of hydatidosis but non of them were knowledgeable on its transmission. Up to 84.4% of the respondents had domestic ruminants and donkeys, while 89.1% had dogs. Of the households with dogs, only 19.3% had their dogs dewormed at least once in life time. Most of the households (87.7%) had their dogs managed freely and 77.2% of the respondents reported school children to be the closest friends of dogs in the family. The prevalence of E. granulosus infection in wildlife and the possible relationship of the domestic cycle to the sylvatic cycle operating in the same area are unknown and need to be studied.  相似文献   

11.
A study on the prevalence and seasonal incidence of cestode parasite infections of sheep and goats was carried out in eastern Ethiopia for 2 years (May 2003-April 2005). During this period, viscera including liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and the gastro-intestinal tract were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at four abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga. At the abattoirs the abdominal, thoracic and pelvic cavities as well as the muscle surfaces of all animals were visually examined for the presence of larval (cystic) stages of cestode parasites. The viscera were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University and were examined for larval and adult cestodes following standard procedures. The most prevalent metacestodes (larval cestodes) were Cysticercus ovis (Taenia ovis), Cysticercus tenuicollis (T. hydatigena) and hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus). In sheep, the overall prevalence was 26% for C. ovis, 79% for C. tenuicollis, and 68% for hydatid cysts. Similarly, for goats, the corresponding prevalence was 22%, 53% and 65%, respectively. The difference between sheep and goats in prevalence of C. tenuicollis was significant. The high prevalence of hydatid cysts in both sheep and goats indicates that cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a public health problem in these regions which requires implementation of control measures, including public health education, strict meat inspection and control of stray dogs. The results of the survey also implies that infections of small ruminants with these metacestodes are responsible for condemnation of substantial quantities of affected organs and muscles and therefore of direct economic importance. Intestinal infections with adult tapeworms of Moniezia expansa, Avitellina centripunctata and Stilesia globipunctata, and bile duct infections with Stilesia hepatica were also common in both sheep and goats. In sheep, the overall prevalence of these tapeworms were 61%, 20%, 24% and 39%, respectively. Similarly, the overall prevalence of these parasites in goats was 53%, 21%, 27% and 36%, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
为进一步掌握青海省海南州共和县铁盖乡藏羊包虫病的流行现状,为包虫病净化和综合防治工作奠定坚实依据,于2018、2019年采用屠宰检查和血清检查的方式,对辖区范围内藏羊包虫病的感染情况进行全面调查。通过对铁盖乡23个集约化规模化养殖场和中小规模养殖户养殖提供的藏羊及屠宰藏羊开展藏羊包虫病流行病学调查,2018、2019年研究的藏羊数量分别在2333、432和2456、321只。调查结果能看出当地包虫病的发生情况相对较为严重,整体防控形势较为严峻。2018、2019年屠宰场和养殖场的感染率在5.32%、9.37%和4.98%、8.31%,藏羊感染率呈现逐年下降趋势。但还是需要继续加大对包虫病的防治投入力度,强化宣传教育,普及包虫病防控知识,加强对犬科类动物的有效管理,定点屠宰牛羊,有效防范包虫病发生流行。  相似文献   

13.
An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) for ovine echinococcosis was evaluated in an endemic area of the Peruvian central sierra. An overall test sensitivity of 91.4% was determined for 199 sheep. EITB sensitivity reached a plateau of nearly 100% at 3 years of age, while the prevalence of cystic disease peaked at 95% in sheep >/=6 years of age. In this highly endemic area, 61.7% of sheep without detectable cystic disease at necropsy (n=47) had positive EITB results. Relationships between EITB sensitivity, age, and cyst location, size, number, type, fertility, and viability were evaluated with logistic regression models. EITB sensitivity increased 14-fold in sheep with calcified cysts and 4-fold for each 1cm increase in pulmonary cyst size.  相似文献   

14.
Immunodiagnosis in sheep presents problems of sensitivity and specificity, limiting its applicability in surveillance systems. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive, specific and accessible technique for diagnosing cystic echinococcosis in naturally infected sheep and to evaluate the validity of necropsy as a reference test. A total of 247 sheep were studied at slaughterhouses, confirming the parasitological diagnosis with histology. Serum was processed with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using three antigen preparations: total hydatid liquid (LHT), purified fraction of LHT (S2B) and purified lipoprotein (B). Western Blot (WB) was used as a control. EIA proved effective for differentiating Echinococcus granulosus from larval stage of Taenia hydatigena and intestinal cestodes in all three antigen preparations. Serums from macroscopically negative sheep were reactive to EIA and positive with WB. In the whole flock, sensitivity was 89.2% for LHT, 80.0% for S2B and 86.4% for B. Sensitivity in lambs was 78.6% for LHT, 75.0% for S2B and 64.3% for B. Macroscopic diagnosis at the time of slaughter was found to have limitations as a reference test for immunodiagnosis of cystic equinococcosis in sheep, so it was necessary to include histology and WB as reference tests. LHT was the antigen preparation of greatest value and EIA proved to be a sensitive and specific technique, adequate for surveillance systems and for evaluating control programmes.  相似文献   

15.
Immunodiagnostic confirmation of cystic human hydatidosis is frequently required before surgical intervention or of chemotherapy. However, it remains inadequate to detect specific antibodies or antigens in some confirmed cases of echinococcosis. This study was carried out to investigate the accuracy of three different immunodiagnostic tests for detection of specific circulating antigens or antibodies in the serum and urine of 13 experimentally infected sheep. For this purpose, Echinococcus granulosus were collected from small intestine of experimentally infected dogs, and 2000 taenid eggs were orally administered to each of the 13 sheep. There were six other sheep, which were kept as the control group. Biweekly serum and urine samples were collected from all the sheep for 4 months after infection. The sera were subjected to indirect hemagglutination test and the concentrated urine samples were subjected to coagglutination and counter immunoelectrophoresis tests. The results revealed that the sensitivity of these tests in detecting the hydatid antigens in the urine or antihydatid antibodies in the serum of the infected sheep reached their maximum in 12th and 13th week after infection; then it decreased in the following weeks. Examination of the non-infected sheep samples throughout the experiment showed that the aforesaid findings were specific only to the infected sheep. It seems that the appearance of specific hydatid antigen in urine and its antibodies in the serum were simultaneous. Although these tests are highly specific, false negative outcomes were encountered in their detection of cystic echinococcosis. In general, it seems rational to establish some series of diagnostic procedures in order to reveal antibodies and antigen of metacestode in serum and urine of the patients.  相似文献   

16.
A novel in vitro flow through technique was developed and evaluated for immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in sheep using hydatid specific non-cross reactive 8-kDa protein. The 8-kDa protein was prepared from hydatid cyst fluid by DEAE-Sepharose fast flow anion exchange chromatography. In this flow through technique, the 8-kDa antigen was coated on the nitrocellulose membrane of flow through device. Protein A colloidal gold was used as detector. The evaluation of the technique was performed by comparing 150 known positive hydatid serum and known negative serum collected from sheep. The test was shown to be high sensitivity and specificity that were closely correlated with those of EITB. Furthermore the immunofiltration-based assay is rapid (2 min) and easy to perform with no requirement of special skill, reagent and instrumentation. This suggests the flow through technique is an acceptance alternative to be used in clinical laboratories lacking specialized equipments as well as large scale screening of cystic echinococcosis both in the field with animal and human populations.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of lufenuron, a benzylphenylurea with ability to interfere with the formation of insect exoskeleton, as a therapeutic drug for larval echinococcosis (hydatid disease). For this purpose lufenuron, alone or in combination with albendazole, was administered to CD1 mice bearing Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in the peritoneal cavity. Neither of the drugs alone was able to exert parasiticidal effects. However, in combination with albendazole, lufenuron reduced the growth of cysts (30-40% in cyst diameter respect to control, p<0.05). This effect was associated with ultrastructural alterations of the hydatid cyst wall and a reduction of the content of myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate, the major component of the electron dense granules of the laminated layer. Overall, this work provides evidence that lufenuron could represent a useful compound for the use in chemotherapy against larval echinococcosis, by enhancing albendazole parasiticidal activity.  相似文献   

18.
Age-prevalence and age-intensity data of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in sheep populations were collected in an abattoir in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The frequency distribution of the larval cysts per sheep was empirically described by the negative binomial model, with parameter k being 0.5273. A mathematical model for the life cycle of E. granulosus was applied to the collected data and the results show that the infection pressure on sheep was 0.4362 (female) or 0.4119 (male) infections per year, the mean number of cysts increased linearly by 0.8824 (female) or 0.9971 (male) cysts every year and acquired immunity was too low to depress this rate of increase. According to certain definitions of steady states for taeniid populations, it was concluded that at least in some parts of Xinjiang, the life cycle of E. granulosus was and may still be in an endemic steady state. Consequently, the regular dog-dosing program would readily drive the infection from an endemic state towards extinction.  相似文献   

19.
The objectives of this epidemiological study on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Morocco (2001-2004) were to update the prevalence of CE in different animal species living in the most important areas of the country and to collect protoscoleces and germinal layers for genetic research purposes. The post mortem inspection concerned 2948 sheep, 2337 goats, 618 cattle, 482 camels and 455 equines (325 horses, 60 mules and 70 donkeys) in five different regions: the Rif (Mediterranean coast and high mountains of the Rif), the Loukkos (Atlantic northwest plain), the center (Rabat and Casablanca regions), the Middle Atlas mountains and the south (arid and semi desert areas). The global CE infection prevalence rates obtained were 22.98% in cattle, 10.58% in sheep, 12.03% in camels, 17.80% in equines and 1.88% in goats. The infection rates were especially high in the Middle Atlas in cattle (48.72%) and in the Loukkos in cattle and sheep (37.61 and 31.65%, respectively). The majority of infected cattle (49.6%) and sheep (52.1%) had hydatid cysts in both liver and lungs. Except for cattle, the liver was more infected than lungs in all the other animal species. Animals more than 5 years old were the most infected in all species. The mean CE infection rates of these animals were about 56% in cattle, 40% in sheep, 20% in camels, 17.80% in equines and 7% in goats. These rates were much higher in the Loukkos (85% of cattle and 59% of sheep) and in the Middle Atlas (68% of cattle and 45% of sheep) than in the other regions. Results showed that Echinococcus granulosus is in an endemic steady state with no evidence of protective immunity in the intermediate hosts. The mean numbers of infections per year are 0.099 for cattle, 0.063 for sheep, 0.03 for camels and 0.010 for goats.  相似文献   

20.
In an attempt to establish the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis, a study was conducted in slaughter animals in three divisions of northern Turkana, Kenya. A total of 5752 goats, 588 sheep, 381 cattle and 70 camels were examined at slaughter. Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes were found in 19.4% of the cattle, 3.6% of sheep, 4.5% of goats and 61.4% of camels. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle, sheep and goats was higher in Lokichogio than in either Kakuma or Central divisions. On the other hand, the prevalence of the disease in camels was higher in Central (84.6%) than either Lokichogio (70.6%) or Kakuma (50%). The differences in prevalence rates in different study areas are attributed to differences in environmental conditions, livestock stocking intensity and cross-border migration of livestock.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号